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Umali - EMC41S1 Individual - 2.2.1 Chapter 2 Assignment 3

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Umali - EMC41S1 Individual - 2.2.1 Chapter 2 Assignment 3

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Emmanuelle Umali EMC41S1

4. Difference between Project Life Cycle and Product Life Cycle

 Project Life Cycle refers to the sequence of phases that a project goes through
from initiation to closure. It involves phases such as initiation, planning,
execution, monitoring, and closure.
o Example: A company developing a software program follows the project
life cycle, starting with defining the scope, developing the software,
testing, and delivering it.
 Product Life Cycle involves the stages that a product goes through from
conception to its decline. These stages typically include introduction, growth,
maturity, and decline.
o Example: A smartphone goes through the product life cycle—starting with
introduction to the market, growing as it gains popularity, reaching
maturity, and eventually declining as newer models are released.

Why it’s necessary for project managers to understand both:

 Alignment: Understanding both cycles helps project managers ensure that


project goals align with the broader goals of the product.
 Timing: Projects might be planned based on the stage of the product life cycle.
For instance, projects in the introduction phase might focus on rapid
development, while projects in the maturity phase might focus on support and
maintenance.
 Resource Management: Knowing where a product stands in its life cycle can
help with better allocation of resources, budgeting, and risk management.

5. Globalization, Outsourcing, Virtual Teams, and Agile Project Management’s


Impact on IT Project Management

 Globalization: Expands the market and makes projects more complex with
cultural, legal, and logistical challenges. IT project managers must handle teams
from diverse geographical locations, manage time zone differences, and navigate
global market demands.
 Outsourcing: IT projects are often outsourced to reduce costs or access
specialized skills. This requires project managers to manage contracts, external
teams, and maintain quality control while ensuring timelines and deliverables are
met.
 Virtual Teams: With more remote work, IT project managers need to foster
communication and collaboration in a virtual environment. They must ensure
effective tools and practices are in place for seamless workflow, despite team
members being in different locations.
 Agile Project Management: Agile emphasizes flexibility, iterative development,
and quick response to change. This approach shifts the traditional methods by
focusing on customer feedback, small sprints, and continuous delivery rather
than large-scale planning.

Incorporating these factors into IT project management strategies encourages


adaptability, communication, and greater emphasis on technology to manage remote
and cross-functional teams.

6. Systems View of a Project and Its Application in Project Management

A systems view of a project involves understanding a project as a part of a larger


interconnected system, including its relationships with other systems, stakeholders, and
external factors.

In Project Management:

 Holistic Approach: Managers consider how a project interacts with other


organizational systems like human resources, IT, marketing, or supply chains.
 Interdependencies: This approach emphasizes managing the
interdependencies between different parts of the project and external factors to
ensure smooth operations.
 Stakeholder Engagement: By taking a systems view, project managers can
better identify and address stakeholder needs and concerns across various
levels of the organization.
 Risk Management: Helps in better identification of risks, as it takes into account
how different systems and processes impact the project.

For example, in a software development project, understanding how the product will
integrate with existing IT infrastructure is crucial. Considering the systems view helps
ensure alignment across various departments.

7. Organizational Frames

Organizations can be viewed through four distinct frames to understand their operations
better:

1. Structural Frame:
o Focuses on roles, responsibilities, policies, and hierarchies within an
organization.
o Example: In a tech company, the structural frame would detail how
departments like R&D, IT, and HR are organized to achieve the
company's goals.
2. Human Resources Frame:
o Emphasizes the needs and motivations of people within the organization.
o Example: A company offering training and professional development
programs to ensure employee growth and satisfaction reflects the human
resources frame.
3. Political Frame:
o Looks at power dynamics, conflicts, and the distribution of resources
within the organization.
o Example: Decision-making in a multinational company may involve
various stakeholders competing for resources and influence, with
departments vying for bigger budgets.
4. Symbolic Frame:
o Focuses on culture, rituals, symbols, and meaning within an organization.
o Example: A startup with an open, casual work environment and regular
company events builds a strong culture through shared rituals and
symbols like casual Fridays or team-building retreats.

These frames help project managers and leaders understand different aspects of the
organization, ensuring they can navigate challenges and leverage strengths
accordingly.

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