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REVISION - MEMO SI W6 With Lihle On Thursdays in G2 From 10h30 To 12h00 12 September 2024

si practise

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28 views9 pages

REVISION - MEMO SI W6 With Lihle On Thursdays in G2 From 10h30 To 12h00 12 September 2024

si practise

Uploaded by

Sya nda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOLOGY SI SESSION 6: MEMO

SI LEADER: T. Ndlela
TIME: 10:30 - 12:00 (Thursdays)
VENUE: G2
DATE: 12 September 2024
REVISION:

EARLY PLANT LIFE/PROTISTS:

1. Alternation of generations means that plants produce:


(a) only haploid multicellular organisms
(b) only diploid multicellular organisms
(c) only diploid multicellular organisms with single-celled haploid gametes
(d) both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms
Answer
D

2. The land plants are probably descendants of which of these groups?


(a) green algae
(b) red algae
(c) brown algae
(d) angiosperms
Answer
A
BRYOPHYTES/MOSS (seedless non-vascular plants):

3. Which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes?


(a) a cellulose cell walls
(b) chloroplast
(c) sporangium
(d) root
Answer
D

4. Stomata appear in which group of plants?


(a) Charales
(b) liverworts
(c) hornworts
(d) mosses
Answer
C

5. Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra?


(a) They grow better at cold temperatures.
(b) They do not require moisture.
(c) They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces.
(d) There are no herbivores in the tundra.
Answer
C

6. The chromosome complement in a moss protonema is:


(a) 1n
(b) 2n
(c) 3n
(d) varies with the size of the protonema
Answer
A
7. Fill in the missing words (1-3) by choosing from the words given below
- Protonema
- Antheridium
- archegonium

FERNS (seedless vascular plants):

8. What are the primitive features of Vascular seedless plants: Pteridophytes/Ferns?


- grow tall.
- Lack seeds
- Have well developed vascular system for conducting water, minerals and
photosynthetic products
- grow tall.
- Vascular tissue: xylem (conduct water and minerals)
- phloem (distribute sugar, amino acids, and other organic products).
- Have stems, roots and leaves.
- Can grow tall.
- Sporophyte generation dominant and independent of gametophyte
- Produce spores rather than seeds – spores released from sori (sporangia) on the
underside of sporophyte fronds
- Hhomosporous but some are heterosporous
- Protective, waxy cuticle containing wax and, to prevent attack by pathogens
- The surface of fronds possesses stomata – pores that are able to open and close.
Allow gaseous exchange while conserving water
- Apical meristems: helps in the growth and the elongation of root and shoot
- In seedless vascular plants sporophytes are the dominant, larger generation
Gametophytes are tiny plants

9. Leaves are categorized by two types, what are they?


- Microphylls with a single vein
- Megaphylls with a branched vascular system

10. Microphylls are characteristic of which types of plants?


(a) mosses
(b) liverworts
(c) club mosses
(d) ferns
Answer
C

11. The following structures are found on the underside of fern leaves and contain sporangia:
(a) Sori
(b) Rhizomes
(c) Megaphylls
(d) microphylls
Answer
A

12. How did the development of a vascular system contribute to the increase in size of plants?
Answer:
Plants became able to transport water and nutrients and not be limited by rates of
diffusion. Vascularization allowed the development of leaves, which increased efficiency of
photosynthesis and provided more energy for plant growth.

13. Which plant is considered the most advanced seedless vascular plant and why?
Answer:
Ferns are considered the most advanced seedless vascular plants, because they display
characteristics commonly observed in seed plants—they form large leaves and branching
roots.
SEEDPLANTS:

14. Seed plants are ________.


(a) all homosporous.
(b) mostly homosporous with some heterosporous.
(c) mostly heterosporous with some homosporous.
(d) all heterosporous.
Answer
D

15. Besides the seed, what other major structure diminishes a plant’s reliance on water for
reproduction?
(a) flower
(b) fruit
(c) pollen
(d) spore
Answer
A

16. In which of the following geological periods would gymnosperms dominate the landscape?
(a) Carboniferous
(b) Permian
(c) Triassic
(d) Eocene (present)
Answer
C

17. Which of the following structures widens the geographic range of a species and is an agent
of dispersal?
(a) seed
(b) flower
(c) leaf
(d) root
Answer
A

18. What role did the adaptations of seed and pollen play in the development and expansion of
seed plants?
Answer:
Seeds and pollen allowed plants to reproduce in absence of water. This allowed them to
expand their range onto dry land and to survive drought conditions.
GYMNOSPERMS:

19. Which of the following traits characterizes gymnosperms?


(a) The plants carry exposed seeds on modified leaves.
(b) Reproductive structures are located in a flower.
(c) After fertilization, the ovary thickens and forms a fruit.
(d) The gametophyte is longest phase of the life cycle.
Answer
A

20. Megasporocytes will eventually produce which of the following?


(a) pollen grain
(b) sporophytes
(c) male gametophytes
(d) female gametophytes
Answer
D

21. What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, seed, spore, sporophyte?
(a) 1n, 1n, 2n, 2n
(b) 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n
(c) 2n, 1n, 2n, 1n
(d) 2n, 2n, 1n, 1n
Answer
B

22. What are the most common traits among Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (living seed
plants)?
Reduced gametophytes; Heterospory; Seeds from ovules; Sperm as pollen

ANGIOSPERMS:

23. What are Angiosperms?


Angiosperms are plants that contain flowers, and their seeds are enclosed in a
fruit.

24. What are the two key adaptations of angiosperms?


- Flowers specialized for sexual reproduction
- Fruits aid in the dispersal of seeds

25. List characteristics of angiosperms?


- heterosporous
- dominant sporophyte generation
- completely reduced gametophyte generation (endosporous)
- female gametophyte reduced to only a few cells
- ovules and pollen produced in flowers

26. Label the following diagram below: (1-6)

2
1

27. What are the terms used for male and female parts? Describe what each part is and
determine its function.
• Gynoecium: Female parts
-Female parts made up of carpels (stigma and style)
-Stigma: sticky found at the top of the carpel and receives pollen
-Style: slender stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary
-Ovary: contains ovules

• Androecium: Male parts


-Made of stamens
-Further divided into an anther and filaments
-Anther: pollen-producing structure
-Filaments: stalk that supports the male parts
28. What is double fertilization and what happens after?
-One sperm cell will fertilize the egg = zygote (2n)
-One sperm cell will fertilize the central cell = endosperm (3n)
-Seed development is triggered. The rich (3n) endosperm nourishes the
developing embryo.

29. What does the term Dioecy mean?


- male and female flowers on different plants

30. Determine the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination.


- Self-pollination = transfer of pollen from a flower's stamen to the same
flower's stigma.
- Cross pollination = transfer of pollen from the stamen of a flower of one plant
to the stigma of another flower on a different plant

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