Electricity and

chemical change
8.2 The principles of electrolysis
1 Complete the diagram of an electrolysis cell by labelling the power supply, the anode, the
alectrolyte, and cathode, and the
show the direction of electron flow in the external [5)
circuit.

2. Complete these sentences about metal reactivity in aqueous solution using words from the list.
hydrogen ions less more silver sodium water

Reactive elements such as are likely to form ions than .... ......teactive elements

Such as If a metal is more reactive than. its stay in solution during

electrolysis and hydrogen arising from hydrogen ions in........ubbles of. [7

3 Complete the table to show the electrode products and observations at the anode when various substances are
electrolysed using graphite electrodes.

Anode (+) product Observations at the anode

Electrolyte Cathode ( product
concentrated KCl(ag)
ZnBr(U)
dilute H,S0,(aq)
dilute NaCl(lag)
concentrated HCl(ag)
dilute AgNO,(aq) [18]

Extension solutions are electrolysed? Give

4. What substances are formed at the anode and cathode when the following
reasons for your answers.
bromide. 14)
d. Concentrated agueous sodium
chloride. (4)
D. Moderately concentrated agueous sodium
 Electricity and
chemical change 8.3 The reactions at the electrodes

1. Complete these diagrams to show:

arrows)
the movement of ions during electrolysis (show this by drawing straight
what happens to the ions in terms of electron loss or gain to or from the electrodes (show this by curly arrowe)
molten zinc bromide b dilute sulfuric acid
a

S0

H
H+
Br (OH

OH

C. concentrated hydrochloric acid d

aqueous copper(0) sulfate

H SO%
C
(Cu2+)

CI (OH

[8

2. a. Complete these sentences using words from the list.

anode cathode gain lose negative positive
i. When ions .electrons, reduction occurs. 2

i. When. ions electrons, oxidation occurs. 12

iii.Reduction takes place at the and oxidation at the. [1

b. Complete these half-equations for the reaction at the electrodes.

i. Zn' +.

ii. ....c 2

ii... H

iv. AlP* +

3. Write half-equations for these reactions at a graphite electrode.

a. The conversion of hydroxide ions to oxygen and water. (2
b. The conversion of oxide ions to oxygen molecules. |2
4 a. Brine is electrolysed using titanium anodes and nickel cathodes.
i. What is brine?
[1 brine in

ii Complete the overall equation for the reaction during this

electrolysis. Include state symbols. XXXXXXXX
B

2.......4..) + 2H,O...) -.
titanium
2NaOH....) + (g) +H,...) 121 RNaX

h The diagram shows a cell used for electrolysing brine.

i Give the names of the gases collected at

membrane
A D (2)

ii. Which letter in the diagram represents the anode?

i.Explain why oxygen is not given off at the anode.

(2

iv. Explain why sodium is not given off at the cathode.

V. What substance is removed at C? 1

vi. Explain why this substance is formed.

3)

the cathode in this electrolysis cell. 14]

2. Write half-equations for the reactions occurring at the anode and
 Electricity and
chemical change 8.5 Two more uses of electrolysis

1. Copper() sulfate can be electrolysed using graphite electrodes or copper electrodes. Complete the table to show
what happens at each electrode and to the electrolyte.
What happens.. using graphite electrodes using copper electrodes
anode: anode:

to the mass of the electrodes? cathode: cathode:

anode: anode:

to the appearance of the cathode: cathode:

electrodes during electrolysis?

to the electrolyte?
(Give any observations.)

(10)
2. Anickel jug can be electroplated with silver. Look at the diagram on the right and then answer the questions.
a. On the diagram label the anode A, the cathode C, and the electrolyte E. 2
Source of
b. Describe and explain what happens to the cathode as the electroplating proceeds. electriCity

[4

3. Write ionic equations for the reactions at:

a. the anode when aqueous copper(l) sulfate is electrolysed using graphite electrodes. [2
b. the cathode when an object is electroplated with nickel. (You will have to find out the usual charge
on nickel ions to answer this question.)
2