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19 views

8 Subnettingl8 - 103322

Uploaded by

Ali kombo hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

SUBNETTING

SUBNETTING

Subnetting is the process of stealing bits from the HOST part of an IP address
in order to divide the larger network into smaller sub-networks called
subnets. After subnetting, we end up with NETWORK SUBNET HOST fields.
We always reserve an IP address to identify the subnet and another one to
identify the broadcast address within the subnet. In the following sections
you will find out how all this is possible.

Why Use Subnetting?

Conservation of IP addresses: Imagine having a network of 20 hosts.


Using a Class C network will waste a lot of IP addresses (254-20=234).
Breaking up large networks into smaller parts would be more efficient and
would conserve a great amount of addresses.

Reduced network traffic: The smaller networks created the smaller


broadcast domains are formed hence less broadcast traffic on network
boundaries.

Simplification: Breaking large networks into smaller ones could simplify


fault troubleshooting by isolating network problems down to their specific
existence.

SUBNET MASK

Subnet mask is the number that defines a range of IP address that can be
used in network. Subnet mask divides/separates the IP address in to network
id and host id.
Structure of classfull addressing default subnet mask

Class A N.H.H.H default subnet mask Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B N.N.H.H default subnet mask Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C N.N.N.H default subnet Class C 255.255.255.0

SUBNET MASK IN CLASS C

Subnet subnet mask borrowed bits

/24 255.255.255.0 0

/25 255.255.255.128 1

/26 255.255.255.192 2

/27 255.255.255.224 3

/28 255.255.255.240 4

/29 255.255.255.248 5

/30 255.255.255.252 6

/31 255.255.255.254 7
/32 255.255.255.255 8

EXAMPLE

Given IP address 192.168.10.40/28

a) Find subnet mask of this address

b) Calculate

i. Number of subnet
ii. Number of host
iii. Total number of valid host
iv. Find range of the given address

c) State IP address 192.168.10.40/28 is in which subnet address?

Solution

a) Subnet mask
Given IP address 192.168.10.40/28
Default Subnet mask for class C is 255.255.255.0 and this show no
bits is borrow and.
From the given address 192.168.10.40/28 four bits are borrowed
therefore the subnet mask is 255.255.255.240
b) i. Number of subnet = 2n where n is equal to number of
borrowed bits
= 24 = 16
ii. Number of host = 2n where n is equal to number of host
= 24 = 16
iii. Number of valid host = 2n - 2 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14
iv. Range of subnet

Subnet Network First Usable IP Last Usable IP Broadcast


0 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.14
192.168.10.15
1 192.168.10.16 192.168.10.17 192.168.10.30
192.168.10.31
2 192.168.10.32 192.168.10.33 192.168.10.46
192.168.10.47
3 192.168.10.48 192.168.10.49 192.168.10.62
192.168.10.63
4 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.65 192.168.10.78
192.168.10.79
5 192.168.10.80 192.168.10.81 192.168.10.94
192.168.10.95
6 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.97 192.168.10.110
192.168.10.111
7 192.168.10.112 192.168.10.113 192.168.10.126
192.168.10.127
8 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.129 192.168.10.142
192.168.10.143
9 192.168.10.144 192.168.10.145 192.168.10.158
192.168.10.159
10 192.168.10.160 192.168.10.161 192.168.10.174
192.168.10.175
11 192.168.10.176 192.168.10.177 192.168.10.190
192.168.10.191
12 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.193 192.168.10.206
192.168.10.207
13 192.168.10.208 192.168.10.209 192.168.10.222
192.168.10.223
14 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.225 192.168.10.238
192.168.10.239
15 192.168.10.240 192.168.10.241 192.168.10.254
192.168.10.255
c) State IP address 192.168.10.40/28 is in which subnet address?
Solution
Given IP address 192.168.10.40
Subnet mask 255.255.255.240
Change IP address and subnet mask in binary number
IP address in binary
11000000.10101000.00001010.00101000
Subnet mask in binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
 Perform AND operation on IP address and subnet mask
11000000.10101000.00001010.00100000
 Change the result in decimal number
192.168.10.32

Therefore the given address 192.168.10.40/28 is in subnet


192.168.10.32.

Exercise

1. Given IP address 192.168.30.0, two bits are borrowed to create a


subnet.
a. State the given IP address is in which Class?
b. Write down the default mask of the address class.
c. Write the subnet mask of the given address
d. Find the number of
i. Subnet
ii. Host
iii. Valid host
iv. Range of each subnet
e. State the IP address 192.168.30.170 is in which subnet

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