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IPv4, IPv6

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15 views38 pages

IPv4, IPv6

Uploaded by

ayan.mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer creates a logical image of

the most efficient communication route


and implements it with a physical medium.
IPv4 & IPv6 Header Format
IPv4 Header Format
Fourth revision of the Internet Protocol
Version of the IP protocol (4
bits), which is 4 for IPv4
IP header length (4 bits), in 32-
bit increments. The minimum
value for this field is 5 and the
maximum is 15.
Type of service: Low Delay, High
Throughput, Reliability (8 bits)
3 bits for IP Precedence + 4 bits for
ToS + last bit not used

Used to prioritize IP traffic

Usually set to ZERO


Length of header + Data (16
bits), which has a minimum
value 20 bytes and the
maximum is 65,535 bytes.
Unique Packet Id for
identifying the group of
fragments of a single IP
datagram (16 bits)
3 flags of 1 bit each :
reserved bit (must be zero),
do not fragment flag, more
fragments flag (same order)
1. Represents the number of
Data Bytes ahead of the
fragment in the Datagram.

2. Specified in terms of
number of 8 bytes, which
has the maximum value of
65,528 bytes.
1. As an IP packet moves through the Internet, it might need to cross a route that cannot
handle the size of the packet.
2. The packet will be divided, or fragmented, into smaller packets and reassembled later.
3. These fields are used to fragment and reassemble packets.
1. Datagram’s lifetime (8 bits).
2. It prevents the datagram to loop
through the network by restricting
the number of Hops taken by a packet
before delivering to the Destination.
3. The TTL field is initially set to a
number and decremented by every
router that is passed through.
4. When TTL reaches 0 the packet is
discarded.
1. The layer that determines which
application the data is from.

2. This field does not identify the


application, but identifies a
protocol that sits above the IP
layer that is used for application
identification.
1. 16 bits header checksum
for checking errors in the
datagram header.

2. A value calculated based


on the contents of the IP
header.
32-bit IP address of the sender.
32-bit IP address of the
intended recipient.
1. Optional information such as source
route, record route.
2. Used by the Network administrator
to check whether a path is working
or not.
3. Padding: If the option values are
not a multiple of 32-bits, 0s are
added or padded to ensure this
field contains a multiple of 32 bits.
IPv4 Header
Format
IPv6 Header Format
Sixth revision of the Internet Protocol
• IPv6 addresses are comprised of 8 segments :
3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf
21DA:D3:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A

• An IPv6 address is expressed by eight groups of hexadecimal (base-16)


numbers separated by colons.

• 2001:cdba:0000:0000:0000:0000:3257:9652 >> 2001:cdba::3257:9652


[Groups of numbers that contain all zeros are often omitted to save space,
leaving a colon separator to mark the gap ]
Version (4-bits): Indicates
version of Internet
Protocol which contains
bit sequence 0110.
1. Traffic class (8 bits): It helps routers
to handle the traffic based on the
priority of the packet.
2. If congestion occurs on the router,
then packets with the least priority
will be discarded.
3. As of now, only 4-bits are being used
(Remaining bits = under research).
4. 0 to 7 bits = assigned to Congestion
controlled traffic;
5. 8 to 15 bits = assigned to
Uncontrolled traffic (Audio/Video
Traffic)
In order to distinguish the flow,
an intermediate router can use
the source address, a
destination address, and flow
label of the packets.
The total size of the payload which
tells routers about the amount of
information a particular packet
contains in its payload.
1. Indicates the type of extension header(if
present) immediately following the IPv6
header.
2. In some cases, it indicates the protocols
contained within upper-layer packets, such
as TCP, UDP.
Hop Limit field is
the same as TTL in
IPv4 packets.
128-bit IPv6 address of the
original source of the packet.
128-bit IPv6 address of the final
destination of the packet.
Extension of IPv6 Next
Header
IPv6 Header
Format
IPv4 IPv6
IPv4 has a 32-bit address length IPv6 has a 128-bit address length
In IPv4 end to end, connection integrity is Unachievable In IPv6 end to end, connection integrity is Achievable
Address space of IPv6 is quite large it can produce
It can generate 4.29×109 address space
3.4×1038 address space
The Security feature is dependent on application IPSEC is an inbuilt security feature in the IPv6 protocol
Address representation of IPv4 is in decimal Address Representation of IPv6 is in hexadecimal
Fragmentation performed by Sender and forwarding routers In IPv6 fragmentation performed only by the sender
In IPv6 packet flow identification are Available and uses the flow
In IPv4 Packet flow identification is not available
label field in the header
In IPv4 Encryption and Authentication facility not provided In IPv6 Encryption and Authentication are provided
IPv6 has header of 40 bytes fixed
IPv4 has a header of 20-60 bytes.

IPv4 consist of 4 fields which are separated by dot (.) IPv6 consist of 8 fields, which are separated by colon (:)
IPv4’s IP addresses are divided into five different classes. Class A
IPv6 does not have any classes of IP address.
, Class B, Class C , Class D , Class E.
IPv4 supports VLSM(Variable Length subnet mask). IPv6 does not support VLSM.
Example of IPv4: 66.94.29.13 Example of IPv6: 2001:0000:3238:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:FEFB

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