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Lecture 2.1.1 - Network Layer Design Issues and IP Addressing

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Lecture 2.1.1 - Network Layer Design Issues and IP Addressing

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ayan.mishra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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co1: Describe the important networking concepts

Network layer is majorly focused on getting packets from the source to


the destination, routing error handling and congestion control.

Before learning about design issues in the network layer, let’s learn about
it’s various functions.

 Addressing:
 Maintains the address at the frame header of both source and
destination and performs addressing to detect various devices in
network.
 Packeting:
 This is performed by Internet Protocol. The network layer converts
the packets from its upper layer.
 Routing:
 It is the most important functionality. The network layer chooses the
most relevant and best path for the data transmission from source
to destination.
 Inter-networking:
 It works to deliver a logical connection across multiple devices.

Network layer design issues:

The network layer comes with some design issues they are described as
follows:

1. Store and Forward packet switching:

The host sends the packet to the nearest router. This packet is stored
there until it has fully arrived once the link is fully processed by verifying
the checksum then it is forwarded to the next router till it reaches the
destination. This mechanism is called “Store and Forward packet
switching.”

2. Services provided to Transport Layer:

Through the network/transport layer interface, the network layer transfers


it’s services to the transport layer. These services are described below.

But before providing these services to the transfer layer following goals
must be kept in mind :-

 Offering services must not depend on router technology.


 The transport layer needs to be protected from the type, number
and topology of the available router.
 The network addresses for the transport layer should use uniform
numbering pattern also at LAN and WAN connections.
Based on the connections there are 2 types of services provided :

 Connectionless – The routing and insertion of packets into subnet


is done individually. No added setup is required.
 Connection-Oriented – Subnet must offer reliable service and all
the packets must be transmitted over a single route.

3. Implementation of Connectionless Service:

Packet are termed as “datagrams” and corresponding subnet as


“datagram subnets”. When the message size that has to be transmitted is
4 times the size of the packet, then the network layer divides into 4
packets and transmits each packet to router via. a few protocol.Each data
packet has destination address and is routed independently irrespective
of the packets.

4. Implementation of Connection Oriented service:

To use a connection-oriented service, first we establishes a connection,


use it and then release it. In connection-oriented services, the data
packets are delivered to the receiver in the same order in which they have
been sent by the sender.

References:

1. http://mucins.weebly.com/1-data-communication.ht

2. https://www.kdkce.edu.in/pdf/Data-comm-UNIT-I.pdf

3. http://www.myreadingroom.co.in/notes-and-studymaterial/68-dcn/676-
different-data-flow-directions.html

4. http://www.brainkart.com/article/Networks_13425/

Research Articles

1. R. Wilkov, "Analysis and Design of Reliable Computer Networks,"


in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 660-678, June
1972, doi: 10.1109/TCOM.1972.1091214.

2. Balasubramaniam, Deepa. (2015). Computer Networking: A Survey.


International Journal of Trend in Research and Development,.
Suggestive Readings

1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/basics-computer-networking/

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=VwN91x5i25g&list=PLBlnK6fEyqRgMCUAG0XRw78UA8qnv6jEx

3. http://www.svecw.edu.in/Docs%5CCSECNLNotes2013.pdf

video tutorial

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