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ASRB ARS NET Important Notice Genetics

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252 views

ASRB ARS NET Important Notice Genetics

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Uploaded by

Pratik Tiwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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05.

Genetics & Plant Breeding

Unit 1: General Genetics and Plant Breeding


Mendelian inheritance. Cell structure and division, Linkage, its detection and estimation.
Epistasis. Gene concept, allelism and fine structure of gene. Extra chromosomal
inheritance. DNA - structure, function, replication and repair. Genetic code. Gene- enzyme
relationship. Replication, Transcription and Translation. Gene regulation in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes. Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome organization. Spontaneous and induced
mutations and their molecular mechanisms. Crop domestication, evolution of crops and
centres of diversity. Emergence of scientific plant breeding. Objectives and
accomplishments in plant breeding and the role of National and International institutes.
Gametogenesis and fertilization. Modes of sexual and asexual reproduction and its relation
to plant breeding methodology. Apomixes, incompatibility and male sterility systems and
their use in plant breeding.

Unit 2: Economic Botany and Plant Breeding Methods


Origin, distribution, classification, description and botany of cereals (wheat, rice, maize,
sorghum, pearl millet, minor millets); pulses (pigeonpea, chickpea, black gram, green
gram, cowpea, soyabean, pea, lentil, horse gram, lab-lab, rice bean, winged bean, lathyrus,
Lima bean; oilseeds (groundnut, sesamum, castor, rapeseed mustard, sunflower, Niger,
linseed); fibers and sugar crops, fodder and green manures; Breeding methods for self-
pollinated, cross-pollinated and clonally propagated crops. Component, recombinational
and transgressive breeding. Single seed descent. Populations, their improvement methods
and maintenance, Hybrid breeding and genetic basis of heterosis. Ideotype breeding.
Mutation breeding.

Unit 3: Genome organization and Cytogenetics of Crop Plants


Chromosome structure, function and replication. Recombination and crossing over.
Karyotype analysis. Banding techniques. In situ hybridization. Special types of
chromosomes. Chromosomal interchanges, inversions, duplications and deletions.
Polyploids, haploids, aneuploids and their utility. Wide hybridization and chromosomal
manipulations for alien gene transfer. Pre-and post- fertilization barriers in wide
hybridization. Genome organization and cytogenetics of important crop species- wheat,
maize, rice, Brassica, cotton, Vigna, potato and sugarcane. Principles and procedures of
genome analysis. Cytogenetic techniques for gene location and gene transfer, Construction
and use of molecular marker-based chromosome maps. Comparative mapping and genome
analysis.

Unit 4: Quantitative and Biometrical Genetics


Quantitative characters. Multiple factor inheritance. Genetic control of polygenic characters.
Genetic advance and types of selection and correlated response. Hardy Weinberg law.
Linkage disequilibrium. Genetic load. Polymorphism. Breeding value, heritability.
Response to selection, correlated response. Estimates of variance components and
covariance among relatives. Mating designs with random and inbred parents. Estimation of
gene effects and combining ability. Effects of linkage and epistasis on estimation of genetic
parameters. Maternal effects. Genotype-environment interactions and stability of
performance. Heterosis and its basis. Mating system and mating design- diallel, line x tester,
NC-1, NC-II and NC-III designs, approaches to estimate and exploit component of self- and
cross-pollinated crops. Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis.

Unit 5: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnological Tools in Plant Breeding


Somatic hybridization, micro propagation, soma clonal variation, in vitro mutagenesis.
Artificial synthesis of gene. Genetic and molecular markers, generations of molecular

pg. 10
markers and their application in genetic analyses and breeding. Molecular markers in
genetic diversity analysis and breeding for complex characters. Gene tagging, QTL
mapping and marker aided selection. Genome projects and utilization of sequence
formation. Vectors, DNA libraries, DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing. Nuclei acid
hybridization and immunochemical detection. Chromosome walking, Recombinant DNA
technology, Gene cloning strategies. Genetic transformation and transgenics. Antisense
RNA, RNAi and micro-RNA techniques in crop improvement.

Unit 6: Plant Breeding for Stress Resistance and Nutritional Quality


Genetic basis and breeding for resistance to diseases and insect-pests. Breeding for vertical
and horizontal resistance to diseases. Genetic and physiological basis of abiotic stress
tolerance. Breeding for resistance to heat, frost, flood, drought and soil stresses. Important
quality parameters in various crops, their genetic basis and breeding for these traits. Role of
molecular markers in stress resistance breeding: MAS, MARS and MABB.

Unit 7: Plant Genetic Resources and their Regulatory System; Varietal Release and
Seed Production
Plant exploration, germplasm introduction, exchange, conservation, evaluation and
utilization of plant genetic resources. Convention on Biological Diversity and International
Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Intellectual Property Rights.
Biodiversity Act. Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights Act. System of variety
release and notification. Types of seeds and seed chain. Seed production and certification.

Unit 8: Statistical Methods and Field Plot Techniques


Frequency distribution. Measures of central tendency, probability theory and its applications
in genetics. Probability distribution and tests of significance. Correlation, linear, partial and
multiple regression. Genetic divergence. Multivariate analysis. Design of experiments- basic
principles, completely randomized design, randomized block design and split plot design.
Complete and incomplete block designs. Augmented design, Grid and honeycomb design.
Hill plots, un-replicated evaluation. Data collection and interpretation.

pg. 11

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