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French Revolution

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9 views

French Revolution

Uploaded by

niamatkaur86
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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French Revolution

Timeline for Revolution


❖ 1789: Revolution starts
❖ April 1792: War w/ Austria, Prussia etc
❖ Sept 1792: Republic
❖ July 1794: Thermadorian Reaction

Timeline for Terror


❖ July 1789 - Sep 1792: Era of Revolutionary “RED” terror from below
❖ Jan 1793: King executed
❖ Sept 1793 - 1794: Era of revolutionary “WHITE” terror from above
❖ 1794 onward: Reactionary terror from above/below

King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette


- French leaders
- Monarchy
- Symbols of the system made for people
- They were not interested in governing, just wanted to hang out and dress up lol

1787: The Estates General


- Called by King Louis to resolve debt issues through tax reform
- Had not met for 175 years

➔ Ran into issue over voting system


◆ All estates only hold 1 vote meaning . . . the third largest estate only have one
vote
◆ June 1789 - REBELLION: Commoners create The French National Assembly,
who takes an oath of loyalty to the draft of a new constitution at Versailles’ tennis
court

Depiction of THREE Estates


● Clerge - Catholic Church, PRIVILEGED (Except from taxes)
● Aristocrat - Born into royal blood, not voted into power, PRIVILEGED (Except from
taxes)
● Tiers Etat - Mostly peasants not all, (Everyone else)

Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes, politician


- Called the two estates parasites that fed off of the third estate
- Third estate should hold power
July 1789: People of Paris storm the Bastille Prison
❖ Hungry due to a lack of food from poor harvests, upset at the conditions of their lives and
annoyed with their King and Government
❖ This act transformed into a full-blown Revolution

The Marquis de Lafayette


- Revolutionary and commander of the individual army (The National Guard)

August 1789 - Created legal equality so there was no legal inequality based on birth/blood
ALSO CREATED
List of Rights - Freedom of Religion

1792: King Louis XVI secretly run away and create a plan to start a war against The National
Assembly
- FOILED by being recognized

1792: National Guard gathers for war against Austria in a counterattack in a proposal for war
from King Louis

Jean-Paul Marat
● One of the tactician leaders of revolutionary terror from BELOW
● ‘Would not take the right path without the push of fear’
● Sans-culottes
○ Working-class radicals that were distinguished by long pants and short jackets
○ Everyday people served three main purposes:
■ To get rid of the old system
■ Create equality for more classes

Aug 1792: Storming the Tuileries Palace (Attack from below)


- Bloodiest event, with one thousand casualties
- In vengeance for a military shooting
- This attack was an act of terror that was an uncontrolled retaliation

Sept 1792: Prison Massacres


- Second eruption of bloodshed
- 20 priests refused their loyalty to the oath so they were killed
- Around 1,100 prisoners were killed, 2/5 of people were killed
Murder of Marie Therese Louise of Savoy
● Awaiting a death sentence
● While being transported from prison to prison a crowd of people swarmed and killed her

To prevent future massacres: Marat wanted to channel his institution

The Jacobin Club:


Goals
❖ Destroy counterrevolutionaries to protect liberty
❖ Destroy vestiges of ancien regime
➢ The old regime
❖ Win wars
➢ They had no margin for error
Methods
● Trials and executions of alleged counterrevolutionaries
● Conscription and other forms of state control
● Created a new secular culture

Maximilien Robespierre
❖ Leader of the Jacobins and the Committee of Public Safety
❖ He embraced revolutionary terror but from ABOVE
➢ (The speech speaking of Terror and Virtue)
❖ If we let the King live he will only stand in our way
❖ Led the execution of King Louis XVI
➢ Guillotine
■ Uniform
■ Clean
■ Efficient
■ Performative

France then declared war on multiple countries


- To keep at the standard of war with the opponent armies, they ran a universal draft

1793: The Committee of Public Safety


- Directed war effort
1793: A large amount of executions are taking place of politicians

July 13, 1793: Marie-Anne-Charlotte de Corday d’Armont assassinates Marat


- Does so to slow down violence and save lives
1793: French Army has to go put them down
The Siege of Lyons
● French Republican forces took over the city of Lyons
The Vendee Rebellion
● Massacre of 150 to 200 Vendean Republicans by Vendean Royalists
● Rural takeover of land and farm

1793: Celebration of the Festival of Reason in the Notre Dame Cathedral


- a revolutionary and anti-religious festival held
- mocked Catholicism and suggested that French people should worship Enlightenment
principles instead
1794: French revolutionary created a new clock and calendar
- Week into 10 days
- Year into 10 months
- 10 hours on a clock
- Making everything uniform and rational

July 1794: The National Convention rises against Robespierre


- He had a longer list of arrests and the convention had enough
- Death by guillotine

The Thermadorian Reaction:


- Shut down the Jacobin Club in Paris
- Released thousands of prisoners
- the collapse of revolutionary fervor and the Reign of Terror in France
- Begins the WHITE terror

1795: The Directory (New Constitution)

The RED terror was very detailed

Final Slides:
Jacobin Goals
❖ Destroy counterrevolutionaries to protect liberty
❖ Destroy vestiges of ancien regime
➢ The old regime
❖ Win wars
➢ They had no margin for error
Jacobin Methods
● Trials and executions of alleged counterrevolutionaries
● Conscription and other forms of state control
● Created a new secular culture

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