PHYSICS 3: ELECTRICITY AND

MAGNETISM

Phan Hiền Vũ
Department of Physics - IU VNU-HCM
Office: A1.503
Email: [email protected]
 No of credits: 03 (45 teaching hours)
 Textbook: Halliday/Resnick/Walker (2011) entitled Principles of
Physics, 9th edition, John Willey & Sons, Inc.
Course Requirements
 In-class activities: Attendance (5%), Homework (10%), Quiz (10%),
Discussion (5%)
 Midterm exam: 30%
 Final exam: 40%
 Absence more than 20%  not allowed to attend the Final exam
Preparation for each class
 Read text ahead of time
 Finish homework
Questions, Discussion
 Via email and/or make an appointment to meet at A1.503

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 Overview

 The physics of electromagnetism is the combination of electric

and magnetic phenomena
 The basis of electronic devices: computers, TV, radio,
telecommunications, lamps,…
 The basis of the nature phenomena: lightning, auroras and
rainbows
 Textbook Principles of Physics, from Chapter 21 to Chapter 33

credit: Bertrand Kulik

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 Content

Part A: Electricity
Chapter 1 Electric Fields
Chapter 2 Electric Energy and Capacitance
Chapter 3 Current and Resistance. Direct Current Circuits
Midterm exam

Part B: Electromagnetism
Chapter 4 Magnetism
Chapter 5 Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 6 Alternating Current Circuits
Chapter 7 Electromagnetic Waves
Final exam
 Part A Electricity

Chapter 1 Electric Fields

1.1. Properties of Electric Charges
1.2. Conductors and Insulators
1.3. Coulomb’s Law
1.4. The Principle of Superposition
1.5. The Electric Field. Electric Field Lines
1.6. Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution
1.7. Charge in an Electric Field
1.8. Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Electric Field
1.9. Electric Flux. Gauss’ Law
1.10. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium

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 1.1. Properties of Electric Charges
1.1.1. Electric charge
Experiment: Rubbing a plastic comb with wool (dry weather), small
pieces of paper can stick to the comb.

Question: Why?
electron cloud (negative charges)

nucleus (positive charge)

Answer:
• The outer electrons of the atoms in the wool are held more loosely
than the outer electrons of the atoms in the plastic comb
• Some electrons from the wool get rubbed off and they stick to atoms
in the plastic comb that now has an excess of negative electric charge

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• When the negatively charged comb is brought near the neutral pieces
of paper, the electrons on the surface of the pieces of paper are
repelled, leaving the surface of papers a positive charge
• The negative charge of the comb then attracts the positive charge of
the papers
• Every object contains a vast amount of electric charge, which is an
intrinsic property of the fundamental particles making up the objects
• Two types of charge: positive and negative
• Electrically neutral objects: a balance of charge, no net charge
• Charged objects: a charge imbalance or a net charge

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1.1.2. Properties:
Experiments: Bringing two charged
rods of the same sign and opposite
signs in close proximity.

Charges with the same electrical sign

repel each other, and charge with repulsion
opposite signs attract each other

The “positive” and “negative” labels

signs were given by Benjamin Franklin
in 1752.

attraction

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(a) Charge is quantized:
• Any positive or negative charge q can be written as:

q  ne, n  1,2,3,...
19
e  1.602 10 C
• SI unit of charge: C (Coulomb)

Particle Symbol Charge

Electron e or e- -e
Proton p +e
Neutron n 0

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(b) Charge is conserved: The net charge of any isolated system is
conserved
238
Example: Decay of 92U

238
92U  Th He
234
90
4
2
The total charge is +92e that is conserved

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1.2. Conductors and Insulators
• Conductors: materials in which charge can move rather freely,
e.g., metals (iron, copper,…), human body, tap water,…
• Insulators (nonconductors): materials in which charge cannot
move freely, e.g., plastic, glass, rubber, pure water,…
• Semi-conductors: materials with electric conductivity intermediate
in magnitude between conductors and insulators, e.g., silicon,
germanium,…(computer chips)
• Superconductors: perfect conductors, allowing charge to move
without any hindrance

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• The electrical conductivities of conductors and insulators are different
due to the structure and nature of atoms

iron
water

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• Mobile electrons in conductors are called “conduction electrons”
• When a charged object is brought close to a neutral object, charges
are induced on the surface of the neutral object and are called
“induced charges”

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Checkpoint 1: The figure shows five pairs of plates: A, B, and D are
charged plastic plates and C is an electrically neutral copper plate. The
electrostatic (electric) forces between the pairs of plates are shown for
three of the pairs. For the remaining two pairs, do the plates repel or
attract each other?

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1.3. Coulomb’s Law
The electrostatic force between q1 and q2:

| q1 || q2 |
F k 2
r
k : electrostatic constant
1
k  8.99 10 9 N.m 2 /C 2
4 0
 0 : permittivi ty constant
 0  8.85 10 12 C 2 /N/m 2

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Problem 3. What must be the distance between point charge q1 = 26.0 C
and point charge q2 = -47 C for the electrostatic force between them to
have a magnitude of 5.70 N?

q1q2
F k
r2
q1 q2
r k
F

1C  10 6 C
6 6
8.99 10 (26 10 )( 47 10 )
9
r  1.39 (m)
5.7

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1.4. The Principle of Superposition
1.4.1. The principle
• n charged particles:
    
F1,net  F12  F13  F14  ...  F1n
Checkpoint 2:
The figure shows two protons (p) and one electron (e) on an axis.
What is the direction of (a) the electrostatic force on the central p due
to the e-, (b) the electrostatic force on the central p due to the other p,
and (c) the net force on the central p?

- + +

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Problem 6. Two equally charged particles are held 3.2x10-3 m apart and
then released from rest. The initial acceleration of the first particle is
observed to be 6.0 m/s2 and that of the second to be 9.0 m/s2. If the
mass of the first particle is 6.3x10-7 kg, what are (a) the mass of the
second particle and (b) the magnitude of the charge of each particle.

Recall Newton’s laws:

F21  m1a1
F12  m2a2
a1
F12  F21 : 2
m  m1  4.9 x10 -7
kg
a2
q1q2
F12  F21  k  m1a1
r2

q
m1a1r 2

 7
6.3 10  6  3.2 10 
3 2

 6.6 1011(C )
k 8.99 109
q  66 (pC)
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Problem 10. In the figure as shown, four particles form a square. The
charges are q1 = q4 = Q and q2 = q3 = q. (a) What is Q/q if the net
electrostatic force on particles 1 and 4 is zero? (b) Is there any value of
q that makes the net electrostatic force on each of the four particles
zero? explain.
(a) q1 & q4 have the same sign, all
three forces act on q1 as shown:
  
F41  F21  F31

F41  2F21
Q2 qQ Q
k  2k   23 / 2  2.83

a 2
2
 a 2 q

q
(b) if the net force acting on particle 3 is also zero:  2.83
Q
 this is inconsistent with (a), so the answer is NO
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1.4.2. Spherical Conductors
The shell theorem:
• A shell of uniform charge attracts or repel a charged particle that
is outside the shell as if all the shell’s charge were concentrated
at its center
• If a charged particle is located inside a shell of uniform charge,
there is no net electrostatic force on the particle from the shell
Recall the shell theorem for gravity (any phenomenon with an inverse
square law)

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Summary:
• Two types of charge: positive and negative
• Electrically neutral objects: a balance of charge, no net
charge
• Charged objects: a charge imbalance or a net charge
• Charges with the same electrical sign repel each other, and
charge with opposite signs attract each other
• Electrostatic force (Coulomb’s law): | q1 || q2 |
F k 2
r
• The Principle of Superposition
    
• n charged particles: F1,net  F12  F13  F14  ...  F1n
• The shell theorem for the electrostatic force

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Homework:
• Prove the shell theorem for the electrostatic force
• Problems 9, 16, 23, 33, 35 in Chapter 21 Textbook

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