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Quantum Mechanical Cloud Model of An Atom

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Rich-ann Macabulos
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31 views30 pages

Quantum Mechanical Cloud Model of An Atom

Uploaded by

Rich-ann Macabulos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Quantum Mechanical Cloud

Model of an Atom
A M ATH EMATIC A L R EP R ESENTATION O F A N ATO M
Learning Objectives
At the end of the chapter, we should be able to:
1. use quantum numbers to describe an electron in an atom;
2. determine the magnetic property of the atom based on
its electronic configuration; and
3. draw an orbital diagram to represent the electronic
configuration of atoms.
Lesson Overview
Review of Important
Concepts
BUILDING UP IDEAS
Light propagates
through space in the
form of
electromagnetic (EM)
waves.
Light waves can be described in terms of its
amplitude, wavelength and frequency.
What does “quantized” mean?

Quantum
Theory by
Max Planck
𝐸 = ℎ𝑓
ℎ𝑐
𝐸=
ℎ = 6.626 𝑥 10−34 𝐽 ∙ 𝑠 𝜆
Dual Nature
of Light with
the discovery
of photons
Important Ideas and
Terms to Unlock
BUILDING UP YOUR VOCABULARY
Progressive
Development
of the Atomic
Theory
Bohr’s Model
Energy Absorption and
Energy Emission
EXCITED STATE GROUND STATE
Electrons jump from one Electrons fall back to a
orbit to another with a lower energy level.
higher energy level.
Electron
Wave Model
by Louis de
Broglie
Important Rules and
Principles
BUILDING UP YOUR CONCEPT FRAMEWORK
Electrons are in Electrons are in Electron’s location, momentum
certain location certain location and velocity are uncertain

Uncertainty Principle by Werner Heisenberg


Wave Function
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
Wave Function is an equation for an
electron moving like a wave in 3-D space
around the nucleus Erwin Schrodinger
Atomic Orbitals
REGION OF DETERMINISTIC LOCATION OF
ELECTRONS
Atomic Orbitals – s orbital
Atomic Orbitals – p orbitals
Atomic
Orbitals
– d orbitals
Atomic
Orbitals
– f orbitals
Quantum Numbers
DETERMINISTIC APPROACH IN
LOCATING ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM
Quantum Numbers
A set of quantum numbers gives an information about
the atomic orbital where an electron may be found.
Every electron in an atom is assigned a unique set of
quantum numbers, of which there are four classes:
principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin.
Principal Quantum Number (𝒏)
Azimuthal Quantum Number (𝒍)
Magnetic
Quantum
Number
(𝒎𝒍 )
Spin Quantum Number (𝒎𝒔 )
Key Principles involved in
Orbital Diagram
PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE

A maximum of two It states that electrons are


electrons can occupy an filled into atomic orbitals in
orbital and they must have the increasing order of
opposite spins to minimize orbital energy level.
repulsion between them.
Key Principles involved in
Orbital Diagram
PARAMAGNETISM DIAMAGNETISM

refers to the characteristic it is characterized by a


of an element to be slightly non-attraction, or even a
attracted to a magnet slight repulsion of an
element to a magnet

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