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Probability Latex Summary

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62 views

Probability Latex Summary

Uploaded by

bhaskaryashu234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability of Events: A Summary

This document summarizes key concepts related to probability, including in-


tersections, conditional probability, independent events, and mutually exclusive
events.

I. Core Concepts
article
Probability of Events: A Summary
This document summarizes key concepts related to probability, including in-
tersections, conditional probability, independent events, and mutually exclusive
events.

I. Core Concepts
Intersection of Events (A ∩ B): Represents the probability that both events
A and B occur simultaneously. The intersection is crucial for calculating con-
ditional probabilities and uses different formulas depending on the relationship
between A and B.

Conditional Probability (P(A—B)): Represents the probability of event


A occurring given that event B has already occurred. It essentially updates the
probability of A based on the new information that B has happened.

II. Types of Events & Their Properties


Independent Events:

• Definition: The occurrence of one event does not affect the probability
of the other occurring.
• Intersection: P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B)
• Conditional Probability: P(A—B) = P(A) and P(B—A) = P(B)
• Complementary Events: P(A’ ∩ B’) = P(A’) * P(B’)
• Multiple Events: P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = P(A) * P(B) * P(C)

1
Mutually Exclusive (Disjoint) Events:

• Definition: Two events cannot occur at the same time. If one happens,
the other cannot.
• Intersection: P(A ∩ B) = 0
• Union: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)

• Multiple Events (Union): P(A ∪ A ∪ ... ∪ A) = P(A) + P(A) + ...


+ P(A)

III. Formulas for Intersection (P(A ∩ B))


• Independent Events: P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B)
• Conditional Probability: P(A ∩ B) = P(A—B) * P(B) = P(B—A) *
P(A)
• Inclusion-Exclusion Principle: (Used to calculate intersection using
union probabilities - formula not provided in original text but generally
is: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B))
• Chain Rule (Dependent Events): (Used for intersections involving
multiple events - formula not provided in original text but for three events
it would be: P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = P(A) * P(B—A) * P(C—A ∩ B))

IV. Key Takeaways


• Conditional probability applies to both dependent and independent events,
although its impact is more significant for dependent events.

• Conditional probability is a tool for updating probabilities when new in-


formation (the occurrence of one event) becomes available.

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