Solutions to C26 Projectiles

∘ 2u sin θ 2u cos θ
1. θ = 45 , t = 1 s
⇒t 1 t2 = ( )( )
g g
Vy u sin θ − gt
Now, tan ϕ = = 4u
2
sin θ cos θ
Uy u cos θ ⇒t 1 t2 =
2
g
u sin θ − g × 1
⇒ tan 45
2
∘ (2u )(2 sin θ cos θ)
=
u cos θ ⇒t 1 t2 =
(g)(g)

⇒ u cos θ = u sin θ − g
2
(2u )(sin 2θ)
⇒t 1 t2 =
also, Vy = 0, after 1st (as speed is minimum) (g)(g)
2
2 u sin 2θ
u sin θ − g × 2 = 0 ⇒t 1
t2 = ( )
g g
⇒ u sin θ = 2g ... (i) 2R
⇒t 1 t2 =
so, u cos θ = 2g − g g

u cos θ = g ... (ii) 4. Given that the initial velocity of the projectile = u and the

angle of projection = θ.
(i) 2g
u sin θ The initial component of the velocity in horizontal
so, = =
(ii) u cos θ g direction = u cos θ. The horizontal component of velocity
of the projectile remains constant throughout the journey
⇒ tan θ = 2 of the projectile. i.e average velocity of the particle along
−1 the horizontal direction is u cos θ itself.
θ = tan (2)
Let us assume that the projectile is going to cross the
same level at point A while going up and point B while
2.
going down.
Average velocity refers to the total displacement of the
particle per unit time.
• There is no displacement in the vertical direction from
point A to point B as they are on the same level. So, the
average velocity in the vertical direction will be zero.
⇒ The average velocity of the projectile will be equal to the
horizontal component of the velocity which remains
constant.
∴ The average velocity will be equal to u cos θ.

5. In the given figure, a quantity in projectile motion is

plotted along the y-axis. We have to find what quantity is
that.
Coordinate of point P are (R, −h)
2
gR
Hence, −h = R tan θ − (1 + tan
2
θ)
2(2ga)

or, R tan θ − 4aR tan θ + (R

2 2 2
− 4ah) = 0

For θ to be real.
2 2 2
(4aR) ≥ 4R (R − 4ah)

or 2 2
4a ≥ (R − 4ah)

or
2
R ≤ 4a(a + h)

or R ≤ 2 √ a(a + h)

Rmax = 2√a(a + h)

3. Given that when a particle is projected at some angle to

the horizontal, it has a range R and time of flight t . If 1

the same particle is projected with the same speed at

some other angle to have the same range, its time of The graph of the quantity versus time is a straight line
flight is t . parallel to the time axis. So, the quantity is constant. It
2
is the horizontal component of velocity that remains
constant throughout the motion of the projectile as there
For the same speed of projection, the horizontal range is
is no acceleration in that direction ( a = 0, u =
the same for complementary angles of projection. Let the x x

angle of projection in the first case be θ. Then in the constant).

second case, the angle of projection will be 90 − θ. Let
∘

6. When the angles are complementary, the range is same

the speed of projection in both cases be u .
for the same speed of projection.
∘ 2 2
2u sin θ 2u sin(90 − θ) u sin θ
Now, t1 = and t 2 = . h1 = ,
2g
g g

2u sin θ 2u cos θ
⇒t 1 = and t 2 =
g g

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 Solutions to C26 Projectiles
2 2 ∘ 2 2
u sin (90 − θ) u cos θ 9.
h2 = =
2g 2g

4 2 2 2
u sin θ cos θ 2u sin θ cos θ 1 1
Now, h1h2 =
2
⇒( ) × ×
4g g 4g 4

1
h1h2 = R2
16

⇒ R2 = 16 h1h2
R = 4(√h 1 h2 )

∘
For maximum range θ = 45

4H
∵ tan θ =
R
R 200
∘
H = tan 45 = = 50
4 4
R
∴ Require coordinates are ( , H) = (100, 50)
2

10. 10x
2

y = x tan θ −
1
2
2u ( )
2

(10)(400)
⇒ 10 = 20 − 2
u
u = 20
(2)(20)
T= = 2√2
√2(10)

→
7. v = 10 √2 ^
i + (10 √2 − 10(2)] ^
j
→ →
Momentum p = M v = 100 √2 ^
i + (100 √2 − 200)^
j

11. Given,
The initial velocity of the particle u = 40 ms–1.
The projectile is at the same height at 1 s and 3 s.
Let, the projection is at a height H from the ground at 1
s and 3 s.
If θ is the angle of projection then the vertical
component of the initial velocity will be u sin θ.
⇒ The displacement equation along the vertical direction
1
can be written as H = u sin θ × t −
2
gt .
2
1
⇒ gt
2
− u sin θ × t − H = 0 .
Along vertical direction, when body reaches ground level, 2
vertical displacement is ( − 36 m) 2u sin θ 2uH
⇒t 2
− × t − = 0
1 g g
2
Sy = u y t + ay t
2
The solution for this quadratic equation should be
t = 1 sec and t = 3 sec.
1 2
1
−36 = 3t + (−10)t
2
⇒ The sum of the roots for the quadratic equation=
2
2u sin θ
2 t1 + t2 = .
⇒ 5t − 3t − 36 = 0 g

⇒ 5t + (−3) + 12(t − 3) = 0 2 × 40 × sin θ

⇒4=
⇒ t = 3 sec 10
1
Along the horizontal direction, body travells with ⇒ sin θ =
2
constant velocity of 4 m/s
⇒ θ = 30 ∘

∴ Horizontal range = (4)t 1

So, tan θ = tan 30
∘
=
⇒Horizontal range = (4)3 √3

⇒Horizontal range = 12 m 1
⇒ θ = tan −1
( )

8. For projectile motion acceleration is constant. √3

→ 2→
d v d v
= constant & = 0 12. Given that the range of a projectile at angleθ is equal to
dt dt
2
half of the maximum range if thrown at the same speed.

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 Solutions to C26 Projectiles
u
2
sin 2θ ⇒θ 2 = 30
∘

Horizontal range of the projectile is, R = . 2 2 2 2

g U sin θ1 U sin θ2

Maximum possible horizontal range of the projectile is,

⇒ (H max )1 + (Hmax )2 = +
2g 2g
2
u 2
40 1 3
Rmax = . = ( + ) = 80 m
g
20 4 4
Rmax
According to the given information, R = .
2 17. 2(H − h) 2h
2 2
u sin 2θ u √ + √ = T
⇒ = g g
g 2g

1
For T → maximum,
⇒ sin 2θ = dT
2 = 0

⇒ 2θ = 30 ∘ dh

⇒ θ = 15 . ∘
⇒
1
(−1) +
1
(1) = 0

2√(H − h) 2√h
13. Time taken
H
2(h) ⇒h=
2
T = √
H
g
⇒ = 2
h = 39.2 − 19.6 = 19.6 m h

2(19.6) 18. Both should have same horizontal component of velocity

T = √ = 2 sec.
200 = 400 cos θ
9.8
∘
θ = 60
∴ Horizontal range
R = (u x )(T) 19. ux = 1
20 = (u x )(2) y = 5x (1 – x)
u x = 10 m/s dy dx dx
= 5 − 10x
dt dt dt
14. y = 4t – 2t 2
For initial y-component of velocity
x = 3t dy
uy = ( ) ⇒ 5(1) = 5
→ dt
V = ˆ ˆ
Vx i + Vy j
→
x=0

^
u y = 5j
dx dy
Where, Vx = , Vy =
dt dt 20.
Vx = 3, Vy = 4 – 4t
for t = 0, Vy = 4
Vy 4
tan θ = =
Vx 3

So, θ = 53º with the horizontal.

With the vertical, θ = 37º.

15. For maximum range

2
u
vy = u y − 20
Rmax = = 1.6
g Also, uy = ux .
u = 4 m/s
2
√ (u − 20)2 + u x = 20
So horizontal distance in 10 sec. will be x

d = (u x )(t) ⇒ 2u 2
x − 40u x = 0
∘
d = (4) cos(45 )(10) ∴ u x = 20
2 2
= 20 √2 m uy ux
⇒h= = = 20 m
2g 2g
16. Since the range is the same, .
∘
θ1 + θ2 = 90

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