SP - U - V - Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
Uploaded by
Sivakarthi , X-CSP - U - V - Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
Uploaded by
Sivakarthi , X-CCathode Ray Oscilloscope:
A cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is a widely used electronic test instrument that allows
observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional graph of one or more
electrical potential differences. A CRO is commonly used for displaying and analyzing the
waveform of electronic signals. I will provide you with an overview of the cathode ray
oscilloscope, including its types, principle of operation, description, merits, and demerits.
Types of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO):
Analog Oscilloscope: This type of CRO uses an analog display system, and it's ideal for
continuous signals. Examples include Tektronix 475, HP 54600B, and GW Instek GOS-620.
Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO): DSOs use digital memory to store and display
waveforms, allowing analysis of single-shot events. Examples include Tektronix TDS2000C
Series, Keysight InfiniiVision 2000 X-Series, and Rigol DS1054Z.
Principle of Operation: A cathode ray oscilloscope operates by producing a visible graph
of one or more electrical signals. It does this by using a cathode ray tube (CRT) and various
electronic components that control the electron beam of the CRT based on the input signal.
The electron beam is deflected horizontally and vertically to produce the waveform on the
screen, which represents the input signal.
Block Diagram of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
1|Page
Description: CROs generally consist of input connectors for connecting the signal to be
analyzed, vertical and horizontal deflection systems for controlling the positioning of the
beam, a cathode ray tube for producing the visual display, and various controls for
adjusting the display. They can also include triggering systems for stabilizing repetitive
waveforms and controlling time base settings.
Merits of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope:
Provides visualization of voltage waveforms in real-time.
Offers precise measurement and analysis of various electrical signals.
Can be used for a wide range of applications, including electronic circuit debugging,
signal analysis, and frequency measurement.
Demerits of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope:
Limited memory depth for digital storage oscilloscopes, affecting the duration of
signal acquisition.
Analog oscilloscopes may have display distortion and limited triggering capabilities
compared to digital storage oscilloscopes.
Requires a certain level of expertise to interpret waveforms accurately and
effectively.
Cathode Ray tube:
Introduction:
The cathode ray tube, commonly known as CRT, is a vacuum tube containing an electron
gun and a fluorescent screen used to view images. It was once widely used in television
sets, computer monitors, and oscilloscopes, among other display devices.
Types of Cathode Ray Tube:
Monochrome CRT:
These tubes can display only one color, typically green or amber. Examples include early
computer monitors and some oscilloscopes.
Color CRT:
This type of tube can display multiple colors by using phosphors that emit red, green, and
blue light when struck by electrons. Examples include traditional television sets and older
computer monitors.
2|Page
Principle of Operation:
The cathode ray tube operates by emitting a focused beam of electrons from the electron
gun, which can be controlled by magnetic or electric fields. This beam strikes the phosphor-
coated screen, causing it to produce visible light and thus creating images or waveforms.
Cathode Ray tube
Description:
A cathode ray tube consists of an electron gun that emits a stream of electrons, focusing
electrodes that shape the electron beam, and a phosphor-coated screen that emits light
when struck by the electrons. The screen can be coated with different phosphors to
produce different colors.
Merits of Cathode Ray Tube:
Provided a cost-effective and reliable means of displaying visual information for
many decades.
Offered good color reproduction in color CRTs.
Found wide applications in televisions, computer monitors, and oscilloscopes due to
their robustness and versatility.
Demerits of Cathode Ray Tube:
Consumed more power and were bulkier compared to modern display technologies
like LCD and LED.
Produced glare and reflections due to the glass screen coverings.
Required regular maintenance for color calibration and degaussing.
3|Page
