IOT BASED POWER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

Abstract:

Internet of Things (IoT) is widely used in smart energy monitoring, industrial

automation, and a variety of applications. At various stages of Smart Grid (SG), IoT devices
are deployed to monitor and control grid statistics for reliable and efficient delivery of power.
Although IoT integration in the SG domain provides manifold benefits, the challenges in IoT-
SG integration needs to be solved for the efficient operation of the grid. In this paper, firstly
an overview of SG and IoT based SG system is provided. This project describes the IoT
based power monitoring system that is capable to measure and analyze the electrical
parameters such as voltage, current, active power, and energy consumption of loads. IoT
based software application ‘Ubidots’ is used to obtain the real-time electrical data of
consumers. Based on this data, the consumer and electric power companies in the SG
paradigm can better manage their consumption to reduce billing costs. Power quality
monitoring and controlling is proposed with this project.

Introduction:

In the future generation of power grids sensors, actuators, and transducers are
expected to play a crucial role in providing real-time energy monitoring services. IoT has
become an enabling technology to provide novel solutions to the challenges in the power grid
system. IoT enabled sensors are used pervasively in the power grid system to share their
useful information through internet and web applications, enabling improved grid
management.

The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and IoT in

SG ensure reliability, cost-effectiveness, and intelligent features with minimal human
intervention. Two-way communication is the key requirement in the paradigm of IoT among
smart devices and components.

Smart homes are developed by the integration of smart electric meters and IoT . For
deployment in smart cities, an IoT assisted real-time Zigbee mesh WSN based Automatic
Meter Reading (AMR) system is implemented in. The proposed system provides a reduction
in peak loads with improved Demand Side Management (DSM). Sensors, communication,
and control mechanisms will play a vital role in achieving reliable and secure power grids. A
survey on potential communication technologies for the connectivity of devices in the SG is
presented in.

Motivated by the above progress in IoT and their deployment in power grids, we have
proposed an IoT assisted power monitoring system for SG. It provides benefits to both
consumers and utility companies to analyze and manage their resources. This paper provides
an implementation of IoT based power monitoring using ubidots software where the
consumer can get the electrical parameters of the load data. A literature review is provided
that highlights existing research in the area of SG, IoT, and IoT aided SGs.

Objective:

1. The implementation of IoT assisted power monitoring system is provided with the
integration of an open-source Ubidots IoT platform, which provides to analyze load
information of consumers.
2. The hardware design enables to access of electrical parameters of loads including
current, voltage, active power, and energy of connected loads.
3. To monitor and control the power quality for R-L-C load and filter harmonic from the
source.

Literature survey:

The traditional power system is being transformed into an intelligent, secure, efficient,
and reliable SG. There are different information flow networks in the SG domain; Home
Area Network (HAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) and a Wide Area Network
(WAN). SG modernizes the generation, distribution, and consumption sections of the power
system with power and information flows. An overview of SG architecture is provided in Fig.
1, which presents the main subsystems and networks in SG.

SG provides various features such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), load

balancing, and fault detection and control. One of the key concerns in SG is the connectivity
of devices that needs monitoring and analysis. IoT is a technology that provides this
automation in the SG paradigm. The integration of IoT devices in SG (such as sensors and
smart meters), various functions related to connectivity and automation aspects can be
effectively provided throughout the power system.

SG devoid of the IoT technology is not possible. There are different forums
addressing the SG and IoT integration including special issues on Smart Grid Internet of
Things . Several attempts have been done to cover the IoT aided SGs. A general vision of SG
is provided in. A vision of SG in the paradigm of IoT is presented by Al-Ali and Aburukba
with a focus on the SG communication layer. In, the authors provided a detailed survey on
AMI and smart metering to address the problems of power quality and reliability in the
conventional grid. However, the authors did not cover other key features of IoT aided SGs
such as architectures and applications. In the domain of smart cities, IoT plays a dominant
role and sensors will enable the management and control of the cities.

Smart metering deployment in the power system involves various challenges. The
benefits and challenges due to the deployment of smart meters are presented in. An overview
of SG technologies such as IoT, smart metering, and Energy Management System (EMS) is
provided in.

The monitoring, control, and analyzing the data are the primary tasks in the SG.
Billions of monitoring devices are installed at power generation plants, distributions centers,
transmission towers, and consumer premises. At the distribution level of the SG, monitoring
of electrical parameters like voltage, current, active power, power factor, etc has a crucial role
in improving grid efficiency. Moreover, reliable communication infrastructure is required to
send received information to the consumer gadget or utility company. A WSN based power
monitoring for a single-phase electric system is developed in. The authors have used power
sensing and communication modules to send load consumption data at periodic intervals to
the utility. Furthermore, a power theft algorithm is proposed that can help utility companies
to detect power theft. However, the developed system is costly and not suitable for
implementation on a large scale.

There are different types of devices that are used in the SG system for monitoring,
analysis, and control purposes. The next section provides an implementation of IoT assisted
monitoring setup that can be used in SG.
Existing system:

1. After all literatures there are no automation that calculates power as well maintain the
source quality. Existing system has either power monitoring and controlling or power
quality maintaining.
2. Series active filters are operated mainly as a voltage regulator and harmonic isolator
between a nonlinear load and utility grid. It is used to compensate the voltage
unbalances and voltage sag from AC Supply.
3. Shunt active filters are used to compensate current harmonics of non linear loads to
perform reactive power compensation and to balance the imbalance currents.

Problem definition:

1. By using series active power filter, harmonic compensation of real and reactive power
control are achieved in particular region.
2. Efficiency is Low
3. Characteristics that affect power quality are voltage fluctuation, harmonic distortion,
voltage unbalance, flicker, supply interruption, voltage sags, voltage swells and
transients.

Proposed system:

1. Usage of Microcontroller in order to reduces the voltage disturbance such as sag,

swell and harmonics disturbances through Ubidots IoT platform .
2. Improves efficiency and power factor.
3. Communication feature to communicate IoT cloud platform and store the measured
PQ parameters , where these parameters are processed and analyzed.
Block diagram:

Flow diagram:
Circuit diagram:
Description:
 Our proposed system consists with the microcontroller, liquid crystal display,
potential transformer, current transformer, zero cross detector, driver circuit, relay, voltage
sensor, current sensor, and Wi-Fi module. The proposed system explained in two sections
follows,

Power quality measurement:

To measure power quality we need to calculate the frequency and power factor from
applied load. Potential and current transformer was used to calculate the frequency and power
factor. We took six different readings from that transformer to calculate the efficiency of the
harmonic filter. Our project consists with three different load sources such as inductive,
resistive and capacitive. Microcontroller will periodically apply power to individual source
with enabling filter. Controller samples the input and calculates the efficiency of filter by
calculating load frequency and power factor before and after applying the filter.

IOT monitoring and controlling:

ESP8266 low cost TCP/IP enabled WiFi module allows our proposed system to
communicate with the cloud. The module can configured with appropriate AT commands.
Controller will initialize the ESP module by sending suitable AT commands when powered
on. After power quality measurement controller read voltage and current reading from sensor
and then upload the data’s into cloud server. User can view the webpage or application at
anywhere in the world.

Conclusion:
 The project work has been completed successfully. The project hardware functions
satisfactorily as per the design. The project work was developed after conducting a number of
experiments before finalizing the design work, this reduced the bottle necks and we did not
face much difficulty in the final integration process.

In general the entire development of the project work was educative and we could
gain a lot of experience by way of doing the project practically. We could understand the
practical constraints of developing such systems about which we have studied by way of
lectures in the theory classes.

It was satisfying to see so many theoretical aspects work before us in real life practice
of which we have heard through lectures and of which we have studied in the books.

Intelligent operations in power system infrastructure are crucial needs of modern grid
systems. SG is a new and improved grid that solves various problems of efficiency and
reliability in the traditional grid. In this paper, the implementation of an IoT based power
monitoring prototype is presented. Ubidots is used as a software tool to access consumer load
data at the remote end. The large scale installation of proposed design requires developing
cost-effective power sensing and monitoring devices that can be easily integrated into the
consumer premises. In the future, authors are interested to develop a cloud-based smart
metering system for the deployment in smart cities.

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