Reading Test

READING SUB-TEST – TEXT BOOKLET: PART A

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 Achilles Tendonitis : Texts
Text A
The Achilles tendon ranks as the strongest tendon in the human body. This tendon connects the
plantaris, gastrocnemius, and soleus to the calcaneus bone. A sheath-like structure comprised of a
single layer of cells surrounds the tendon; this is called the paratenon. The paratenon supplies a
significant portion of the blood supply to the tendon. Studies have shown an area of
hypovascularity 2 to 6 cm proximal to calcaneal insertion; this is a common area of injury. The
Achilles tendon allows the calf muscles to act on the heel, which is necessary for walking or
running. The tendon has several causes of injury as well as several locations that are the most
commonly injured.

Text B

Histopathology

The Achilles tendon is comprised of type I collagen fibers; these fibers are both very strong and
very flexible. The tendon is covered in a thin layer of connective tissue known as paratenon,
which is rich in elastin and penetrates into the tendon, keeping the collagen bundles together while
allowing movement between them.

The difference between tendinosis and tendinitis is that in the former there are degenerative
changes in the tendon's structure and the sheath, making it more vulnerable and prone to breaking.
At the cellular level, there is no evidence of an acute or recent inflammatory process. In tendinitis,
the opposite happens; there is an acute inflammatory process, resulting from acute trauma,
excessive use, or lack of training. Paratenonitis is an inflammation of the outer layers of the
tendon and encompasses conditions such as tenosynovitis and tenovaginitis. This pathology
generates edema and exudate with inflammatory cells, followed by a fibrinous exudate that causes
crepitus and limitation of the tendinous course within the sheath. It can become chronic by
developing an immature connective tissue that expands an organized fibrin network known as
adhesions.
Text C

Treatment/Management

Management of Achilles tendinopathy can divide into conservative and surgical. Additionally, one
must consider whether it is an acute or chronic condition. Finally, for those with a full rupture, the
treatment is usually surgical.

1. Conservative therapy: It is the first line of management and includes the following:

• Reduction of activity levels

• Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Adaptation of footwear, manual therapy directed at local sites may enhance the
rehabilitation

• Eccentric stretching exercises should comprise an integral component of physiotherapy

and can achieve a 40% reduction in pain; moderate level evidence favors eccentric
exercise over concentric exercise for reducing pain

• Tendon loading exercise at short- and long-term follow-up

• If unresponsive to initial management, extracorporeal shock wave therapy reduces pain by

60%, with 80% patient satisfaction, improving functionality and quality of life, with a
follow-up at 4 weeks; this might be the first choice because of its safety and effectiveness

• Physiotherapy improves the pain and functionality of the Achilles tendinopathy of the
middle portion; however, studies do not show preferences for any particular exercise over
another - overall, use of a splint to an eccentric exercise protocol or the use of orthoses to
improve pain and function are not a recommendation

2. Surgical therapy is optional for 10 to 30% of patients who fail conservative therapy after six
months. The success rate is higher than 70%, but reports show complication rates of 3 to
40%. The Achilles tendon should undergo reattachment with a tendon rupture of more than 50%.
Text D

END OF PART A
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 Reading Test

READING SUB-TEST – QUESTION PAPER: PART A

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test or sub-test content. If you cheat or assist in any cheating, use any unfair practice, break any of the rules or regulations, or ignore any advice
or information, you may be disqualified and your results may not be issued at the sole discretion of CBLA. CBLA also reserves its right to take
further disciplinary action against you and to pursue any other remedies permitted by law. If a candidate is suspected of and investigated for
malpractice, their personal details and details of the investigation may be passed to a third party where required.

CANDIDATE SIGNATURE: _______________________________________________________

TIME: 15 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
DO NOT open this Question Paper or the Text Booklet until you are told to do so.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question Paper.

You must answer the questions within the 15-minute time limit.
One mark will be granted for each correct answer.
Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers.
At the end of the 15 minutes, hand in this Question Paper and the Text Booklet.
DO NOT remove OET material from the test room.

MIAK
READING TEST 1
PART A
TIME: 15 minutes

• Look at the four texts, A-D, in the separate Text Booklet.

• For each question, 1-20, look through the texts, A-D, to find the relevant information.
• Write your answers on the spaces provided in this Question Paper.
• Answer all the questions within the 15 - minute time limit.
• Your answers should be correctly spelt.

Achilles Tendonitis: Questions

Questions 1-7

For each question, 1-7, decide which text (A, B, C or D) the information comes from. You
may use any letter more than once.

In which text can you find information about;

1. Rehabilitation protocol to be followed __________

2. Working of archilles tendon __________
3. Affect of physiotherapy __________
4. Common area of injury __________
5. Weight bearing guidelines __________
6. First choice if unresponsive to initial management __________
7. Necessity of Achilles tendon __________

Answer each of the questions, 8-14, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts. Each
answer may include words, numbers or both.

8. What plays a major role in supplying blood to the tendon?

________________________________________________
9. Which exercise is good for alleviating pain?
________________________________________________
10. What arise from acute inflammatory process due to acute trauma, excessive use, or lack of
training?
________________________________________________
11. Which is the connective tissue that is rich in elastin and penetrates into the tendon?
________________________________________________
12. If conservative therapy fails after six months what should be done?
________________________________________________
13. What enables the calf muscles to act on the heel?
________________________________________________
14. What makes tendinosis more vulnerable and prone to breaking?
________________________________________________

Questions 15-20

Complete each of the sentences, 15-20, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts.
Each answer may include words, numbers or both.

15. Paratenonitis can become chronic by developing ______________

16. _______________ is advisable for tendons with a full rupture

17. It is not recommended to use _______________ to improve pain and function

18. Controlled early motion with legs freely hanging must be done for ______________ every

hour

19. _________________ is the strongest tendon in the human body

20. ______________ and ______________ are examples of paratenonitis

END OF PART A
THIS QUESTION PAPER WILL BE COLLECTED
 Reading Test

READING SUB-TEST – QUESTION PAPER: PARTS B & C

CANDIDATE NUMBER:
LAST NAME:
FIRST NAME:
MIDDLE NAMES: Passport Photo
Candidate details and photo will be printed here.
PROFESSION:
VENUE:
TEST DATE:

CANDIDATE DECLARATION
By signing this, you agree not to disclose or use in any way (other than to take the test) or assist any other person to disclose or use any OET test or sub-test
content. If you cheat or assist in any cheating, use any unfair practice, break any of the rules or regulations, or ignore any adviceor information, you may be
disqualified and your results may not be issued at the sole discretion of CBLA. CBLA also reserves its right to take further disciplinary action against you and
to pursue any other remedies permitted by law. If a candidate is suspected of and investigated for malpractice, their personal details and details of the
investigation may be passed to a third party where required.

CANDIDATE SIGNATURE: _____________________________________________________________

TIME: 45 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
DO NOT open this Question Paper until you are told to do so.

One mark will be granted for each correct answer.

Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers.
At the end of the test, hand in this Question Paper.
DO NOT remove OET material from the test room.

HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

Mark your answers on this Question Paper by filling in the circle using a 2B pencil. Example: A
B
C

MIAK