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Algorithms - Dex, Aes

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1 views

Algorithms - Dex, Aes

Uploaded by

harshithar518
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

DES (Data Encryption Standard)


- Type: Symmetric-key algorithm.

- Key Size: 56-bit key.

- Block Size: 64-bit block size.

- Rounds: 16 rounds of encryption.

- Weakness: Vulnerable to brute force attacks due to short key length.

- Real-Time Applications:
- Legacy Systems: Previously used in older banking systems, ATM encryption, and government
applications.

- Still in Use: Triple DES (3DES) is a more secure version used in some financial services.

- Strength: Simple and fast encryption for small-scale systems in earlier decades.

- Obsolescence: Considered insecure by modern standards; mostly replaced by AES.

2. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)


- Type: Symmetric-key algorithm.

- Key Size: 128, 192, or 256 bits.

- Block Size: 128-bit block size.

- Rounds: 10, 12, or 14 rounds, depending on key size.

- Strength: Extremely strong, resistant to all known practical attacks.

- Real-Time Applications:

- Wi-Fi Encryption: Used in WPA2 and WPA3 for securing wireless networks.

- SSL/TLS: Used in securing web communications (HTTPS).

- Disk Encryption: Common in full-disk encryption (e.g., BitLocker, FileVault).

- Mobile Devices: Used in iOS and Android for file encryption and secure messaging.
- VPNs: AES is standard in many Virtual Private Network (VPN) protocols.

- Efficiency: High performance and minimal memory usage; suitable for hardware and software
implementations.

3. Blowfish
- Type: Symmetric-key algorithm.

- Key Size: Variable key size (32 to 448 bits).

- Block Size: 64-bit block size.

- Rounds: 16 rounds of encryption.

- Strength: Fast and highly secure, especially for smaller key sizes.

- Real-Time Applications:

- VPNs: Used in various VPN implementations for secure data transmission.

- Password Hashing: Used in cryptographic systems like bcrypt for password


protection.
- File Encryption: Utilized in software like GnuPG and tools like VeraCrypt for file and disk encryption.

- Advantages: Flexibility with key size; suitable for embedded systems and platforms with limited
resources.

- Replacement: Often replaced by AES in modern applications due to larger block size and stronger
security guarantees.
4. RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman)
- Type: Asymmetric-key algorithm.

- Key Size: Typically 2048 or 4096 bits.

- Based On: Difficulty of factoring large prime numbers.

- Strength: Strong for encryption and digital signatures; slow for large data
encryption.

- Real-Time Applications:

- SSL/TLS: Commonly used in securing web communications (HTTPS).

- Email Encryption: Used in PGP and S/MIME for securing emails.


- Digital Signatures: Used in verifying the authenticity of digital documents and software (e.g.,
blockchain technology, software updates).

- Cryptocurrency: RSA is used in some blockchain technologies for secure transactions.

- Performance: Relatively slow compared to symmetric algorithms like AES, but crucial for secure key
exchange.

- Hybrid Usage: Often used alongside symmetric encryption (AES) to establish a secure session key,
combining the strengths of both.
5. Diffie-Hellman
- Type: Asymmetric key exchange algorithm.

- Purpose: Securely exchange cryptographic keys over a public channel.

- Based On: Discrete logarithm problem.

- Strength: Allows secure communication between two parties without sharing


private keys; vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks if not authenticated.

- Real-Time Applications:

- SSL/TLS: Used for secure key exchange in web protocols like HTTPS.

- VPNs: Used in various VPN protocols, including IPsec and SSL-VPN.

- Messaging Apps: Used in end-to-end encryption protocols (e.g., WhatsApp,


Signal).
- Variants: Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) offers better security with smaller key sizes.

- Limitations: Does not provide encryption on its own; only facilitates secure key exchange. Must be
combined with a symmetric algorithm for secure data transmission.

Additional Points:

- Symmetric vs Asymmetric:

- Symmetric algorithms (DES, AES, Blowfish) use the same key for encryption and decryption, making
them faster but requiring secure key exchange.

- Asymmetric algorithms (RSA, Diffie-Hellman) use a pair of keys (public and private), facilitating secure
key exchange but generally slower.

- Security Considerations:

- RSA and Diffie-Hellman rely on the difficulty of mathematical problems (factoring primes and discrete
logarithms), making them vulnerable to quantum computing advances. Post-quantum cryptography is a
growing field addressing this.
- AES and Blowfish are highly secure against current cryptanalysis techniques, but AES is the
recommended standard due to its block size and cryptographic strength.

- Performance:

- Symmetric algorithms (AES, Blowfish) are much faster than asymmetric ones (RSA, Diffie-Hellman).

- AES is more efficient in hardware, while Blowfish remains an efficient choice for software applications
requiring speed.

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