Major overall updates for this edition include: • Four new chapters on predictive analytics • The addition of Learning Objectives to all chapters • Updated data throughout the book • Updated and clarified ForecastX™ software sections Today, most business planning routinely begins with a sales forecast. Whether you are an accountant, a marketer, a human resources manager, a data scientist, or a financial analyst, you will have to predict something sooner or later. This book is designed to lead you through the most helpful techniques to use in any prediction effort. The analytics materials included in the sixth edition have been expanded to include four full chapters in the seventh edition; this is a recognition of the importance of these tools in today's prediction efforts. The examples we offer are, for the most part, based on actual historical data, much like that you may encounter in your own forecasts. The techniques themselves are explained as procedures that you may replicate with your own data. p at mhhe.com/rep Chapter by Chapter Changes Chapter 1. Introduction to Business Forecasting and Predictive Analytics •Added Stages in the development of business forecasting are added. •Steps to obtain better forecasts are added. •A discussion of survey results is added showing what functional areas in an organization contribute to a forecast and which area owns the forecast.
Chapter 2. The Forecast Process, Data Considerations, and Model Selection
•New exercises and updated data in others are added. •Discussion of trend, seasonal, and cyclical components of a time series, including new data, is added.
Chapter 3. Extrapolation 1. Moving Averages and Exponential Smoothing
•Sections on Simple, Holt’s and Winters’ exponential smoothing models are completely rewritten to clarify how they work and how to interpret the results •The use of all methods for dealing with seasonal data is discussed, including the deseasonalizing of data, making the forecast, then putting the seasonality back into the forecast. •"Event Modeling" section is expanded to include a complete example. •New exercises and updated data in others are added.
Chapter 4. Extrapolation 2. Introduction to Forecasting with Regression Models
•A comparison of the look of regression results from Excel and from ForecastX™ is added to show that they are equivalent, even if the formatting is different. •An explanation of seasonal indices and how to get seasonal indices using ForecastX™ is added. •A complete explanation of calculating the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) is added, including a table with an example. •An example of cross sectional forecasting is added. •The steps to use when evaluating a regression model are clarified.
•The discussion of steps to use when evaluating regression models is expanded and clarified. •An example of accounting for a recession in a multiple regression model with an introduction to business cycle information from FRED is added. •Discussion of how missing variables may affect serial correlation is clarified, with an example. •Discussion of the use of a seasonal Durbin-Watson statistic DW4 versus DW1 is added. •An appendix concerning forecast combinations with a full discussion of detecting bias is added.
•The ARIMA philosophy of modelling is introduced. •An intuitive approach to explaining ARIMA is used to reduce complexity. •The individual components of ARIMA (autoregressive models and moving average models) are explained. •Stationarity is explained and the handling of nonstationarity is demonstrated. •Numerous examples are included. •The application of ARIMA to time-series data is detailed.
Chapter 8. Predictive Analytics: Helping to Make Sense of Big Data Results
•Entirely new chapter. •The field of predictive analytics as an extension of forecasting is introduced. •The three primary tools of analytics are defined. •The new vocabulary and terminology used in analytics are listed. •The importance of correlation is stressed. •The “steps” in any data mining/analytics process are described. •The data used in analytics is differentiated from the data commonly used in forecasting. •The new diagnostic statistics used by data scientists are described.
Chapter 9. Classification Models: The Most Used Models in Analytics
•The most used technique in analytics, classification algorithms, is introduced. •The use of the kNN algorithm is taught. •CART models (a second type of classification algorithm) is demonstrated. •A third classification algorithm is introduced: the Naive Bayes algorithm. •The final classification technique, Logit, is detailed. •Actual examples of each technique are covered in detail.
Chapter 10. Ensemble Models and Clustering
•Ensemble models are introduced with the rationale for their use in analytics. •Two important ensemble techniques are discussed and demonstrated: bagging and boosting. •A third, newer ensemble is detailed: random forests. •Clustering is introduced as a completely different class of analytics technique. •Each of the techniques in the chapter is demonstrated step-by-step with actual examples.
Chapter 11. Text Mining
•Text mining (and all its variants) is introduced first in a general manner. •The concept of data reduction is demonstrated, and its importance is demonstrated in the context of text mining. •The “bag of words” approach to text mining is used with examples and software. •"Bag of words" analysis is detailed in an extended example involving newsgroups. •The newer approach to text mining involves “natural language processing;” this is shown with an extended example. •Text mining and the more traditional data mining are combined through example to demonstrate the power of using both together.
Chapter 12. Forecast/Analytics Implementation
•Graphics related to the forecasting process are added