Academic Year:

2022-23

Cour5e Name: IF4I Semester: FOURTH

A STUDY ON
SQL COMMAND
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in APRIL/MAY 2023 by the group of 4
Students
Sr. Roll No. Full Name of Students Seat No.
No (Sem-IV) Enrollment No. (Sem-IV)
04 Gourav Vinod Bhatia 2109350133 139875
1.
07 Bhushan Ashok Nimase 2109350136 139878
2.
10 Nayan Vilas Vishe 2109350139 139881

25 Akshay Ashok Shinde 2109350155 139896

4.
Under the Guidance of Prof. SHRUTHI NANDARGI

In
3 Years of Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra State

Board of Technical Education,

ISO 9001:2008(ISO/IEC-27001:2013)
SHIVAJIRAO S.JONDHLE POLYTECHNIC, ASANGAON.
 hüAHARASHTRASTATEBOARDOFTECHNlCALEDUCAT
lON,
MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

Thi5 is to certify that Mr. Gourav Vinod Bhatia —Roll No. 04 of Fourth Semester
of Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology at
Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has completed
the Micro Project Sati5factorily in Subject Databa5e Management (22417). In the
academic year 2022-2023 as pre5cribed curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment No:2109350133

Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:139875

Shruthi Nandargi
Shweta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle
Project Guide
Head of the Department Principle

Seal of Institute
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Bhu5han Ashok Nimase Roll No.07 of Fourth Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology at
Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 hd5 Completed
Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject — Databa5e Management (22417). In the
academic year 2022-2023 a5 prescribed curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment No:2109350136

Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:139878

Shruthi Nandargi Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle

Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

Seal of Institute
 MAHARASHTRASTATE BOARDOFTECHNICAL
EDUCATION

MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

Thi5 is to certify that Mr. Nayan Vilas Vishe Roll No. 10 of Third Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology at
Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 hd5 Completed
the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject Database Management (22417). In the
academic year 2022-2023 as prescribed curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon
Enrollment No:2109350139
Date: / /2022
Exam Seat No:139881

Shruthi Nandargi Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle

Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

Seal of Institute
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

Thi5 is to certify that Mr. Akshay A5hok Shinde, Roll No. 25 of Fourth Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology at
Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has completed
the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject Database Management (22417). In the
academic year 2022-2023 a5 prescribed curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon
Enrollment No:2109350155
Date: / /2022
Exam Seat No:139896

Shruthi Nandargi Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle

Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

Seal of
Institute
 INDEX
Sr.No Title Page No
0z What is SQL?
02 Why Use SQL?
03 Brief History of SQL
04 Types of SQL?
0s What is DDL?
06 What is DML?
07 What is DCL?
08 What is TCL?
 What is SQL
SQL is a database language designed
for the retrieval and management of
data in a relational database.
SQL is the standard ianguage for
database management. All the RDBMS
systems like MySQL, MS Access,
Oracle, Sybase, Postgres, and SQL
Server use SQL as their standard
database language. SQL programming
language uses various commands for
different operations iike DCL, TCL, DQL,
DDL and DML commands in SQL.
 Why Use SQL
It helps users to access data in the
RDBMS system. It helps you to describe
the data. Allows you to define the data
in a database and manipulate that
specific data. With the help of SQL
commands in DBMS, you can create
and drop databases and tables. SQL
offers you to use the function in a
database, create a view, and stored
procedure. You can set permissions on
tables, procedures, and views.
 Brief History of SOL
Here, are important landmarks from the history
of SQL:
. 1970 — Dr. Edgar F. “Ted” Codd described a
relational model for databases.
. 1974 — Structured Query Language
appeared.
. 1978 — IBM released a product called
System/R.
. 1986 — IBM developed the prototype of a
relational database, which is standardized
by ANSI.
. 1989- First ever version launched of SQL
. 1999 — SQL 3 launched with features Iike
triggers, object-orientation, etc.
. SQL2003- window functions, XML-related
features, etc.
. SQL2006- Support for XML Query
Language
• SQL2011-improved support for temporal
databases
 Types of SOL
. Data Definition Language (DDL)
. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
. Data Control Language(DCL)
. Transaction Control Language(TCL)
. Data Query Language (DQL)

SQL TCL DQL

DDL DCL DML
Comman
ds
I I I I I
Create Grant Insert Commit Select

Drop Revoke Update Rollback

Save
Alter Delete Point

Truncate
 What is DDL
Data Definition Language heips you to
define the database structure or
schema. Let’s learn about DDL
commands with syntax.
Five types of DDL commands in SQL
are:

& CREATE
C REATE statements is used to define
the database structure schema:
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE TABLE NAME (COLUMN NAME
DATATYPES[,....])
For example:
 & DROP
Drops commands remove tables and
databases from RDBMS.
Syntax
DROP TABLE ;
For example:
Drop object type object
name; Drop database
university; Drop table
student;

& ALTER
Alters command allows you to alter the
structure of the database.
Syntax:
To add a new column in the table
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD
column_name COLUMN-definition;
To modify an existing column in the
table:
ALTER TABLE
MODIFY(COLUMN
DEFINITION.. .);
For example:

& TRUNCATE:
This command used to deiete aii the
rows from the table and free the space
containing the table.
Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE table na e
Example:
TRUNCATE table students
 What is DML
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
allows you to modify the database
instance by inserting, modifying, and
deleting its data. It is responsible for
performing aii types of data modification
in a database.
There are three basic constructs
which allow database program and
user to enter data and information
are:
Here are some important DML
commands in SQL:

UPDATE
DELETE
 & INSERT:
This is a statement is a SQL query. This
command is used to insert data into the
row of a table.
Syntax:
INSERT INTO TABLE NAME (coll, o 2,
co13,.... col N)
VALUES (value , valued, valued, ....
valueN);
Or
INSERT INTO TABLE NAME
VALUES (value , valued, valued, ....
valueN);
For example:
INSERT INTO students (RollNo, FIrstName, LastName) VALUES ('60', 'TOm',
Erichsen');

UPDATE:
This command is used to update or
modify the value of a coiumn in the
table.
Syntax:
UPDATE table name SET [column naval=
valued,...co umn_na eN valueN]
[WHERE CONDITION]
For example:
UPDATE students
SET FirstNa e 'Jhon', LastNa e 'Wick'
WHERE StudID =

DELETE:
This command is used to remove one or
more rows from a table.
Syntax:
DELETE FROM table name [WHERE condition];
For example:
DELETE FROM students
WHERE FirstNa e 'Jhon';
What is DCL
DCL (Data Controi Language) inciudes
commands iike GRANT and REVOKE,
which are useful to give “rights &
permissions.” Other permission controls
parameters of the database system.
Examples of DCL commands:
Commands that come under DCL:
. Grant
. Revoke

Grant.
This command is use to give user
access privileges to a database.
Syntax:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY TABLE TO
SOME_USER, ANOTHER USER;
For example:
GRANT SELECT ON Users O' o '@'lo alhost

Revoke:
It is useful to back permissions from the
user.
Syntax:
REVOKE privile e_na eON ob e t na eFROM
{user_na e PUBLIC |role na e
For example:
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON student FROM
BCA, MCA;
 What is TCL?
Transaction controi ianguage or TCL
commands deai with the transaction
within the database.
& COITlItiit
This command is used to save all the
transactions to the database.
Syntax:
Commit;
For example:
DELETE FROM
Students WHERE
RollNo =25 COMMIT;

\• Rollback
Rollback command allows you to undo
transactions that have not already been
saved to the database.
Syntax:
ROLLBACK;
Example:
DELETE FROM
Students WHERE
RoIINo =25;

& SAVEPOINT
This command helps you to sets a
savepoint within a transaction.
Syntax:
SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT NAME;
Example:
SAVEPOINT RoIINo;
 What is DQL?
Data Query Language (DQL) is used to
fetch the data from the database. it uses
only one command:
& SELECT:
This command helps you to select the
attribute based on the condition
described by the WHERE clause.
Syntax:
SELECT
expressions FROM
TABLES
WHERE conditioner
For example:
SELECT FirstName
FROM Student
WHERE RollNo > 15