University Physics Equation Sheet

prefixes
M = 10 6 µ = 10 −6 n = 10 −9 1-D Motion Forces
! ! !
constants
Dx = x f - xi , displacement Fnet = ∑ F = ma ⎫
⎪⎪
∑ x
g = 9.8 m s 2 d
v= , average speed F = ma x ⎬ Newton’s 2nd law
! = 6.674 × 10!"" * +# ⁄,-# t ⎪
/$ = 1.99 × 10%& ,- ∑ Fy = may ⎪⎭
conversions Δx
v= , average velocity
1 mile = 1609 m Δt W = mg , weight
1 m = 3.281 ft dx fs ≤ µs n , static friction
1 in = 2.54 cm v x = , instantaneous velocity
dt fk = µk n , kinetic friction
1 N = 0.225 lb
Δv Fs = −kx , Hooke’s Law
1 hp = 746 W a= , average acceleration
1 rev = 2π rad = 360° Δt
dv x d 2 x instantaneous Gm1m2
geometry/trigonometry ax = = , Fg = , gravitational force
dt dt 2 acceleration r2
C = 2π R , circumference of circle
A = π R 2 , area of circle Kinematic equations Circular Motion
4  v2
V = π R 3 , volume of sphere ac = a r = t , centripetal acceleration
3 r
V = l ⋅ w ⋅ h , volume of rectangle mv 2
V = π ⋅ R 2 ⋅ L , volume of cylinder ∑ cF = mac =
r
, centripetal force

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 , quadratic equation
! ⎫
d vt
solution to quadratic equation at = ⎪
dt ⎪
- b ± b2 - 4 a c , ! 2 ⎪
x= Multi-Dimensional Motion a = a = (ac + at ) ⎬ , non-uniform motion
2

2a   
Dr = rf - ri , displacement ⎪
Vectors ! ⎛ ⎞
−1 at ⎪
! Δr θ = tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎪
v= , average velocity ⎝ ac ⎠ ⎭
! Δt

 dr Work, Energy, and Power
v= , instantaneous velocity
Aopposite dt 2=3 4⃗ ∙ ∆84⃗, work by constant force
!
θ = tan −1( ) ! Δv
Aadjacent a= , average acceleration 2 = ∫ 43
4⃗ ∙ :84⃗, work by variable force
! Δt
! ! ! !
a⋅ b = a b cosθ ⎫ ! dv d 2r instantaneous
! ! ⎪ a= = , 1
a⋅ b = ax bx + a y b y + az bz ⎪ scalar dt dt 2 acceleration K = mv 2 , kinetic energy
⎬ product
2
î ⋅ ĵ = ĵ ⋅ k̂ = k̂ ⋅ î = 0 ⎪ ! ! ! ;' = +-<, gravitational potential energy
v f = v i + at ⎫
⎪
î ⋅ î = ĵ ⋅ ĵ = k̂ ⋅ k̂ = 1 ⎭ ! ! ! ⎪ "
;( = # ,= # , spring potential energy
Δr = v it + 1 2 at ⎪
2

! ! ! ! ! ⎬ kinematics
A × B = ABsinθ ⎫ Δr = 1 2 (v i + v f )t ⎪
⎪ ! ! ! ! 2)*+ = Δ? , work-kinetic energy theorem
â × b̂ = − b̂ × â ⎪ vector v f 2 = vi 2 + 2 aΔr ⎪ ⎭
⎬ product WC = −ΔU , work by conservative force
î × ĵ = k̂, ĵ × k̂ = î , k̂ × î = ĵ ⎪
⎪
î × î = ĵ × ĵ = k̂ × k̂ = 0̂ ⎭ conservation of mechanical energy
Wnc = 0 ,
If
ΔE = 0 or K i +Ui = K f +U f
If Wnc ≠ 0 ,
!
ΔE = Wnc or K i + Ui + WNC = K f + U f
,-
@= 44⃗ ∙ 4A⃗, power
=3
,+
 University Physics Equation Sheet

Momentum Moments of inertia about central axis Fluids

, momentum m , density
ρ=
V
, Newton’s 2nd Law
F , pressure
P=
A
, impulse P2 = P1 + ρ gh , pressure var. w/ depth
! ! ! F1 F2 , Pascal’s principle
I = Favg Δt = Δp, impulse-momentum =
A1 A2
theorem
B = ρ fluidV fluid g = W fluid , buoyant force
, , conservation of momentum
ρobj V fluid , for floating object
1D or 2D collisions =
ρ fluid Vobj
m1v1ix + m2 v2ix = m1v1 fx + m2 v2 fx
Simple Harmonic Motion
m1v1iy + m2 v2iy = m1v1 fy + m2 v2 fy I = I CM + MD 2 , parallel axis theorem 1
T = , period
f
v1i − v2i = v2 f − v1 f , elastic 1D collision ∑ τ = Iα , Newton’s 2 nd Law ω = 2π ", angular frequency
completely inelastic collision 1 2 k
KR = Iω , rotational kinetic energy ω= , mass on spring
m v + m2v 2i = (m1 + m2 )v f 2 m
! 1 1i
center of mass of particles Conservation of energy g
ω= , simple pendulum
L
! = #$, power mgd
Angular momentum
ω= , physical pendulum
, center of mass of rigid object  I
 dL x(t) = Acos(ω t + φ ) ⎫
, velocity of center of mass t ext = , Newton’s 2nd Law
dt ⎪
v(t) = −ω Asin(ω t + φ ) ⎬ equations
&⃗ = (⃗ × *⃗, angular momentum of particle
% of motion
Rotational Motion
&⃗ = +$
% &⃗, angular momentum of rigid object a(t) = −ω 2 Acos(ω t + φ ) ⎪⎭
s = rθ vt = rω at = rα ∑ %&⃗! = ∑ %&⃗" , conservation of angular momentum Waves and Sound
Statics F = GH, speed of wave
Δθ dθ #1
ω= ω= conditions for static equilibrium , = , wave number
Δt
∑F ∑F ∑τ = 0
dt 6
x =0 y =0
,wave function
Δω dω d 2θ Gravitation
α= α= = 2
Δt dt dt
, gravitational force , general wave equation
ω f = ωi + αt ⎫ . )
⎪ - = ! / # , gravitational acceleration % = * , linear mass density
1 2 ⎪
Δθ = ω i t + α t
2 ⎪ kinematics *
% = '+, speed of wave on a string
⎬ , gravitational field
ω 2f = ω i2 + 2α (Δθ ) ⎪
1 ⎪ fn =
v
=n
v
n = 1, 2,3,...
Δθ = (ω i + ω f )t ⎪ ln 2L
2 ⎭ , Kepler’s 3rd law , natural frequency

, torque &( TC
%= ' )
, speed of satellite in circular orbit v = 331 1 +
273 , speed of sound in air
I = ∑ mr 2 = ∫ r 2 dm , moment of inertia B=C
#1
DE
%5
# , period of orbit
bo dy
√3 ∙. ( Power )avg ( Power )avg
! I= =
ρ = " , volume mass density A 4p r 2 , intensity
# , gravitational potential energy
# = , surface mass density I
$
$&' β = 10 log
#
$ = % , linear mass density !!"# = $ , escape speed Io
( , decibel level

, doppler effect