Question

It is universally agreed that at least ------------- of maintenance related incidents involve human factors
Aviation safety relies heavily on --------------
In comparison to many other threats to aviation safety, the mistakes of an --------- can be more difficult to detect
The work can be physically strenuous, yet also requiring a high degree of ----------------- to detail.
------------------ and how they affect people are very important to aviation maintenance.
The ------------------ environment presents numerous human factors challenges
The actions component of ------- includes all of the hands on requirements needed to complete a task
Amts have to deal frequently with lack of
The dirty dozen refers to----------of the most common human error preconditions or conditions that can act as precursors to ac
Human factors can be divided into four main topic areas using the memory prompt
The physical environment includes
They can be defined as anything that the maintenance technician needs to get the job done
The faa has estimated that airline maintenance personnel spend between ___of their time dealing with paperwork
“whatever can go wrong, will go wrong” is
It states, "if you make something idiot proof, the world will create a better idiot”.
Fail safes are referred to as
It also helps identify what instructions, preparation and task management are necessary
In pear, it list the requirements of a job to help to identify any specific areas that might increase the risk of error
The knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to perform each task in a given job, comes under
It refers to the most common human error preconditions or conditions that can act as precursors to accidents or incidents
9.1 General
Option A Option B Option C Answer LMS Reference No.
40 percent 80 percent 70 percent B 9.1.1
Maintenance Personnel Aircraft A 9.1.1
Soldiers Pilots Aviation maintenance tech
C 9.1.1
Temperature Attention Calculation B 9.1.1
Weather condition Training Human factors C 9.1.1
Atmosphere Maintenance Flying B 9.1.2
Pear Shear Dear A 9.1.2
Knowledge Time Resources or equipment. C 9.1.2
Twenty four Twelve Fourteen B 9.1.2
Shear Hear Pear C 9.1.2
Lighting, temperature, noiPressure, quality and rati Time, commercial and proA 9.1.2
Communication Resources Environment B 9.1.2
35 and 40 percent 25 and 35 percent 25 and 40 percent C 9.1.2
Murphy’s law Shakespeare quote Grave’s law A 9.1.3
Murphy’s law Shakespeare quote Grave’s law C 9.1.3
Shear Idiot proof Murphy’s law B 9.1.3
The JTA Grave’s law Idiot proof A 9.1.2
A R P A 9.1.2
Resources JTA Environment B 9.1.2
Grave’s law Murphy’s law The dirty dozen C 9.1.2
Prepared By

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 9.2 Human Perform
Question
The-------------- controls the amount of light that is allowed to enter the eye
The retina is located on the -----------of the eyeball
The eye has approximately ------------- nerve cells leading from the retinas to the area of the brain responsible for vision1.2 Mil
------------------- is the ability of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distances
Blind spots occurs at the point where the optic nerve
Hypermetropia is caused by a shorter than normal eyeball which means that the image is formed
The outer part of the ear directs sounds down the-----------, and on to the ----------.
The audible frequency range that a young person can hear is typically between
In the cochlea there are ------------ nerve cells
Human beings basically process information in -----stages
------ can be thought of as the concentration of mental effort on sensory or mental events.
The skill of focusing one's attention upon a single source and avoiding distraction.
The ability to maintain attention and remain alert over long periods of time, often on one task
------------ is a highly sophisticated mechanism and requires existing knowledge and experience to know what data to
Claustrophobia can be defined as abnormal fear of being in
Claustrophobia is typically thought to have fear of restriction and fear of
----------- serves as an encoding and retrieval processor
It is usually the primary process thought of when referencing memory .
It is the slow and gradual learning of skills that often occurs without conscious attention to learning
It is the unconscious storage and recollection of information .
uman Performance and Limitations
Option A Option B Option C Answer
Cornea Iris (the colored part of the eye) Pupil B
Front wall Edge Rear wall C
le for vision1.2 Million 12 million .02 million A
Impaired Visual acuity Pair acuity B
Enter the cornea Exit the retina Enters the retina C
Behind the retina In front of retina On the retina A
Auditory canal, eardrum Auditory canal, semi circular canal Basilar membrane, eardrumA
20 and 2000 cycles per second 20 and 20 000 cycles per second 2 and 20 000 cycles per sec B
2300 20000 23 000 C
Four Five Six B
Attention Distraction Eyesight A
Divided attention Focused attention Sustained attention B
Sustained attention Divided attention Perception A
Distraction Perception Focused attention B
Maintenance hanger Open place An enclosed space C
Confinement Suffocation Connection B
Long-term memory Short term memory Working memory C
Declarative memory Semantic memory Episodic memory A
Working memory Declarative memory Procedural memory C
Non-declarative, or implicit memor Episodic memory Semantic memory A
LMS Reference Prepared
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 9.3 Social Ps
Question
It reflects the difference between what someone can do and what they will do
What are the most powerful means of changing behavior
High performance and results being consistently achieved is the characteristics of
It is the pressure we feel to do what our group or peers expect of us
It involves the attitudes coworkers hold about the company’s approach to safety
A contributing cause of the accident is the failure of ------- to ensure compliance with the approved maintenance procedures.
What occurs when each individual team member is empowered and encouraged to contribute in the most effective way to th
What is vital for teamwork and for situational awareness
This may discourage inexperienced personnel from engaging with
How many types of leader in aircraft maintenance
What has a great impact on the safety practices of workplace.
What can avoid the potential for taking things for granted making risky decisions
It is the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual member s’ initial positions
Professionalism and responsibility are the qualities of
Maslow considered that humans are driven by ---- different sets of motivational forces basically
It is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify or improve an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of be
A poor record of time keeping and high absenteeism is the sign of
An organization with a good -----is one where safe and professional behavior is fully internalized as the way personnel think an
This is the characteristic of a good team
It is particularly important that the ---- establishes a good safety culture within a team through attitude and actions.
ocial Psychology
Option A Option B Option C Answer
LMS Reference No.
Motivation De-motivation Direction A 9.3.1
Motivation Rewards Punishment B 9.3.1
De-motivation Rewards Motivation C 9.3.1
Peer pressure Lack of professional knowleWorking environment A 9.3.2
Organization culture Safety culture Working environment B 9.3.2
National transportationIndividual technician Management C 9.3.2
Synergy Effective communication Great output A 9.3.3
Motivation Effective communication Synergy B 9.3.3
Less experience supervHigher status team memberWorkplace gradients C 9.3.3
Two Three Four A 9.3.4
Safety culture Organizational culture Motivation B 9.3.4
Professionalism Safety culture Good communication C 9.3.5
Group polarization Team work Individual impulse A 9.3.5
Incharge Organizational culture Training C 9.3.5
Four Two Three B 9.3.1
Synergy Lose confidence Hawthorne effect C 9.3.1
De-motivation Organization culture Stress A 9.3.1
Organization culture Safety culture Working environment B 9.3.2
Professionalism Group polarization Share and understand a co C 9.3.3
Team leader Head of organization Individual A 9.3.4
Prepared By

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 9.
Question
These have a significant effect upon job performance (both physical and cognitive)
If the individual has a contagious illness such as the flu, what he should do?
It is the high level of emotional arousal typically associated with an overload of mental or physical activity
Due to what, performance begins to decline and judgment deteriorates
Time pressure, lack of standard procedures or appropriate resources, lack of guidance or supervision, and interpersonal are th
High stress levels will adversely affect your ------ and lead to mental or physical illness
This type of pressure is applied directly or indirectly, for the task to be completed in a given time
Inappropriate pressure applied to an individual or maintenance team to achieve a task are
Actual and self imposed pressure can be significant drivers for
Generally during this time, paperwork is being completed in a rush
It occurs when the number and complexity of the tasks allocated to an individual or team exceed their ability to cope
The yerkes dodson curve demonstrates that our performance is directly related to the
High workload within the aviation maintenance environment are due to the cause of
What can have a major effect on your safety and the quality of your work when you are maintaining aircraft.
What is one of the major causes of human error.
An inability to get to sleep, or a difficulty staying asleep
Insomnia, sleep apnea, periodic limb movements and -------- are medical conditions that can cause sleep disruption
It is a condition in which breathing stops for ten seconds or longer during sleep.
This condition is more common in men who are overweight and have a large neck size.
The period from around 2am–5am (wocl) when we would normally be asleep is a time when mental functioning is generally a
A work environment with -------- reduces alertness and makes it harder for a fatigued person to fight the urge to sleep.
Blood alcohol concentration depends on the amount of------- consumed
Sleep problems are common in -------.
What is the substance (solid, liquid or gas) that brings about physical and/or psychological changes.
It is often associated with anxiety, fear, fatigue, and hostility.
If the number or intensity of stressors becomes too great, we can become --------.
By getting enough sleep and eating a balanced diet, this prevent -----.
How many types of pressure are
It is often described as being insidious; that is it develops slowly and has a gradual and cumulative effect.
Maintenance personnel under excessive workload can exhibit or experience.
It is likely to be less attentive when carrying out ------.
Tiredness after hard physical work is also meaning of------.
One obvious hazard of ----- is that the person loses the fight to stay awake while at work.
Sleep deprivation can produce effects very similar to those produced by
The body metabolizes alcohol at a fairly ----- rate.
A small amount of ----- affects decision making skills
There are alternating phases of deep sleep, called ----- during which the subject dreams, and slow wave sleep
How many main types of drug are affecting the central nervous system
They slow down the ability to respond to unexpected situations.
These can dull the senses, cause mental confusion and slow reaction times
s Affecting Performance
Option A Option B Option C Answer
Fitness and health Shift work hours Rewards A
Take healthy meals Rest Keep on working B
Over-confidence Fatigue Stress C
Overloaded Inappropriate experience Improper supervision A
Accidents Stress Organization failure B
Breathing system Digest system Immune system C
Actual pressure Self imposed pressure Peer pressure A
Errors Safety risks Maintenance short cuts B
Safety risk Performance Error C
During shift and task hand During assembly During maintenance A
Improper supervision Work overload Stress B
Team work Level of professional knowLevel of arousal. C
Unexpected events High skilled workers short Lack of professionalism A
Lack of professional knowl Fatigue Organizational culture B
Safety risk Work overload Fatigue C
Insomnia Headache Laziness A
Dullness Restless legs syndrome Fatigue B
Insomnia Restless legs syndrome Sleep apnea C
Sleep apnea Periodic limb movements Restless legs syndrome A
Best Worst Intermittent B
Great noise Poor ventilation Low illumination C
Alcohol Water Soft drinks A
Night shift workers Alcoholics Technicians B
Caffeine Medicines Drug C
Stress Sickness Fatigue A
Overstressed Overloaded Over-confidence B
Errors Stress Fatigue C
Two Three Four A
Fatigue Stress Lack of confidence B
Poor task planning Safety risk Insomnia A
Maintenance inspection New task Repetitive task C
Work overload Fatigue Stress B
Work overload Insomnia Fatigue C
Alcohol Fatigue Caffeine A
Slow Constant High B
Sleep Caffeine Alcohol C
Paradoxical or rem sleep Stage 1 or non rem sleep Stage 2 or non rem sleep A
Four Three Two B
Stimulants Hallucinogens Depressants C
Sleeping tablets Antidepressants Antibiotics A
 LMS Reference No. Prepared By
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 9.5
Question
Noise exposure in excess of this range without ear protection even for a short duration is not recommended
Hearing protection should be carried at all times and used when remaining in an area where normal speech cannot be heard c
The cones in the retina of the eye require ……….. To resolve fine detail
Luminance is related to the amount of light …………..
Illumination is related to the amount of light …………..
General background noise can be ‘filtered out’ by the brain through
Under normal circumstances 20% of the body’s heat loss is by
Under normal circumstances 65% of the body’s heat loss is by
65% of the body’s heat loss is by passive transfer and 20% of the body’s heat loss is by evaporation , under the……
On summer days the structure of the airplane ………... Heat and its effects
Most serious disorder arise from excessive heat exposure is
This disorder is commonly called prickly heat and it is a common skin problem in hot environments
Higher positions/points tends to become………
Low frequency noise
The vibration range that is most troublesome for the hand and is associated with vibratory-induced white finger syndrome (vw
The vibration range that is most problematic, as the human body absorbs most of the vibratory energy in this range
Noise in the workplace can have negative effects
The ear is sensitive to sounds between certain frequencies
Noise is known as
The intensity of sound is measured in
9.5 Physical Environment
Option A Option B Option C Answer
90 db 20 db 115 db C
10 yards 2 yards 20 yards b
Good light Uv light Ir light a
Falling on object Present in the source Coming from an object C
Coming from an object Falling on object Present in the source b
Without any attention Divided attention Focused attention C
Evaporation Active transfer Passive transfer a
Active transfer Passive transfer Evaporation b
Normal circumstance Very hot circumstance Very cold circumstance a
Can decrease Can magnify Have no effect b
Eat cramps Eat syncope Heat stroke C
Heat stroke Heat rash Eat cramps b
Less stable More stable Not stable at all a
Can not vibration Can cause vibration Both b
5-150 hz 50-100 hz 50-150 hz C
0.5 Hz to 20 hz 5 hz to 20 hz 15 hz to 20 hz a
Short term Long term Short term and long term C
20 khz to 2000 khz 20 hz to 200 khz 20 hz to 20000 hz C
Especial sound All sounds Any unwanted sound C
Cycles per second Decibels (db) Hz b
 LMS Reference No. Prepared By
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 9.6
Question
Repetitive tasks for amts typically refer to tasks that are performed ------------ during a shift.
The main danger with repetitive tasks is that of
With recent awareness of latent medical and environmental conditions (lmec), it is now recognized that the tasks on aircraft n
--------------------- limits the physical spaces that can be accessed.
Physical work over a period of time will result in
With complex systems within aircraft, ------------------ become more important source of guidance than with simple systems.
To maintain --------------------------, specific training is needed with an understanding of how the system works
Good ----------- is of prime importance in visual inspection
Aircraft maintenance technicians may find it beneficial to take------------ between discrete visual inspection tasks
-----------------------includes an element of visual inspection, but usually permits detection of defects below visual thresholds.
Tasks
Option A Option B Option C Answer
LMS Reference No.
Twice Several times Single time B 9.6.1
Specialty Complacency Compliance B 9.6.1
Physical condition Environment Physical limitations C 9.6.2
Obesity Mental health Atmosphere A 9.6.2
Fatigue Stress Illness A 9.6.2
Practical training Written procedures and Technician's fitness B 9.6.3
Simple system Pneumatic system Complex systems C 9.6.3
Eyesight Working environment Atmosphere A 9.6.4
Meal Short breaks Medicine B 9.6.4
Aircraft flying Pre flight Non destructive inspectiC 9.6.4
Prepared By

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 9.7 Co
Question
It is the most natural form of communication
Maintenance is driven by
The error rate for oral communication in industrial settings is estimated to be around
It can be defined as achieving shared meaning, and to be effective requires four elements working together
This type of communication is used particularly in noisy environments
Task cards was not designed to be used as a
As new aircraft types and variants are introduced ,the amt
Information should ……
Instructions regarding the job should
The information should be made
Responsibility for maintaining currency lies with
Dissemination of information within an organization typically, the maintenance organization will be
Dissemination of information within an organization typically, the amt will be
Sender should provide relevant information
Receiver should be
Feedback must be provided by
Clear dissemination of information within an organization forms part of its
Communication in maintenance involves
Pre task briefings should be a …….. Feature of maintenance tasks
Make sure ……………. Understands what the task will involve.
9.7 Communication
Option A Option B Option C Answer
Written Speaking Verbal B
Paperwork Technician work Manager work A
.3 per cent 3.3 Per cent 3 per cent C
Listening Communication Translation B
Non verbal Verbal Written A
Non handover document Handover document Neither handover documenB
Never to be up to date Should focus their own work Needs to be up to date C
Not accessible Hard to accessed Easily be accessible C
Avoid ambiguity Be in ambiguity Not be relevant A
Confusing Hard to understand Easy to understand C
Both the individual and the maintenaIndividual Maintenance organization A
The recipient. Not concerned The sender C
The sender The recipient. Not concerned B
Without being asked when being ask When oral demanded When demanded in writtenA
Lazy listener Passive listener Active listener C
Sender Receiver Both sender and receiver C
Peoples behavior Safety culture Individual culture B
Not just words Just words Written words A
Yearly Monthly Routine C
Every manager Everyone Every shift supervisor B
LMS Reference No.
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 9.8 Human Error
Question
People tends to become overconfident after becoming proficient in a certain task, which can mask the awareness of
A ------------------------------ when performing aircraft maintenance can result in a faulty repair that can have catastrophi
.-------------------------------- is a key human factor that can result in suboptimal, incorrect, or faulty maintenance.
It is estimated that -------------------of maintenance related errors are caused by distractions.
.-------------------------is the subconscious response to the demands placed on a person.
After completing the same task multiple times, it is easy for technicians to ---------------------------------------- and d
Shel model, developed by elwyn edwards and modified by frank hawkins, describes how the human interacts with t
Do not let some thing that you know is wrong continue by ignoring that it is there. This statement is related to…………
Occupation that required an individual to work to long hours or stay up overnight can lead to------------------------------.
A ------------------- while performing maintenance on an aircraft may disrupt the procedure.
.----------------------- is a major human factor that has contributed to many maintenance errors resulting in accidents
.----------------------------add to the personnel’s workload and make it uncomfortable for him or her in their work envi

A lack of --------------------- in failing to speak up when things do not seem right has resulted in many fatal accidents.
Aviation maintenance tasks require individuals to perform in an environment with ------------------------ to do things b
Shift work alone is a cause of ------------that can degrade performance and also lead to errors.
Any behavior commonly accepted by the group, whether as a standard operating procedure or not, can be a …………
The shel model explains how the livewire interacts with the other -------------, as well as with other human colleagues
.-----------------are a type of error where the problem has occurred during thinking rather than doing
The mnemonic pear is used to recall the four considerations for assessing and mitigating human factors in aviation ma
In swiss cheese model ,-----------------------are the central cause of the accident.
A bolt fitted with eight nuts can be disassembled one way, but there are ---------------ways in which it can be reassembled incor
Intended actions can be divided into ------------------------------..
.---------------------------- are the everyday deviations from procedures made to keep things moving and get the job done
The person carries out their actions as planned, except that what they planned to do was not right for the situation
The mnemonic pear is used to recall the four considerations for assessing and mitigating human factors in aviation
.---------------------- reflect a lack of necessary knowledge, or a lack of awareness of where to find the necessary infor
A -------------- occurs when we forget to complete an action we had been intending to perform.
.-------------------- occur when we perform a routine action that was out of place in the situation, usually because we a
Researchers in europe found that ----------------of amts acknowledged that they had not strictly followed procedures
.-------------------------- are often well intentioned attempts to get the job done despite problems such as missing doc
.-------------------- are intentional deviations from procedures or good practice.
Unintended errors can be divided into…………………….
As a consequence, all maintenance incidents -------------------------.
The greatest proportion of errors made by --------------are spotted almost immediately and corrected
Errors that do not cause accidents, but still cause a problem are known as ----------------
Which of the following statement is not found in the most common occurring errors
While the aircraft maintenance industry strives toward ensuring that errors do not occur in the first place, it will----------
Which statement is true regarding avoiding and managing errors.
Which statement is not true regarding avoiding and managing errors.
9.8 Human Error
Option A Option B Option C Answer
LMS Reference No.Prepared By
Distraction Complacency Norms B 9.8.1
Lack of team work Lack of knowledge Lack of communicationB 9.8.1
Lack of communicationLack of knowledge Lack of team work A 9.8.1
0.25 0.15 0.34 B 9.8.1
Stress Fatigue Distraction A 9.8.1
Become more vigilant Become less vigilant Become stressed B 9.8.1
How the human interaHow the human interaHow the system interacB 9.8.1
Lack of communicationLack of knowledge Lack of assertiveness C 9.8.1
Stress Fatigue Distraction B 9.8.1
Complacency Lack of team work Distraction C 9.8.1
Fatigue Stress Lack of awareness A 9.8.1
Psychological stressorsPhysiological stressorsPhysical stressors C 9.8.1
Physical stressors Psychological stressorsA 9.8.1
Team work Assertiveness Knowledge B 9.8.1
Constant pressure Complacency Norms A 9.8.1
Stress Fatigue Mistake B 9.8.1
Complacency Distraction Norm C 9.8.1
Two elements Three elements Four elements B 9.8.1
Lapse Mistake Slips B 9.8.2
People who do the jobEnvironment in whichActions they perform A 9.8.1
S/T Ameer
Fallible decisions Unsafe acts Deficiencies B 9.8.1
Only eight Less 40,00 Over 40,000 C 9.8.2
Mistakes and violationSlips and violation Slips and lapse A 9.8.2
Exceptional violations Routine violations Mistakes B 9.8.2
Mistakes Slips Violation A 9.8.2
Actions they perform Resources necessary tPeople who do the job B 9.8.1
Violation Rule based mistakes Knowledge based mistaC 9.8.2
Slips Lapse Mistake B 9.8.2
Lapse Mistake Slips C 9.8.2
43 percent 34 percent 24 percent B 9.8.2
Rule based mistakes Exceptional violations Mistake B 9.8.2
Violations Lapses Mistake A 9.8.2
Mistakes and violationSlips and lapse Mistakes and slips B 9.8.2
Always not to be reporHave not to be report Have to be reported C 9.8.3
Supervisors Amts Quality control B 9.8.3
Lapses Slips Incidental C 9.8.3
Forgotten tools and paFitting of correct partsIncorrect installation B 9.8.3
Never be possible to erBe possible to eradicaNot to want to eradicatA 9.8.4
Increase the error vulneDecrease the error to Minimize the error liabiC 9.8.4
Enhance error detectioDecrease the error to Improve organization’s Bintrinsic resistance
9.8.4 to human fallibility.
 9.9 Hazards
Question
During training………………. Should be told who to contact and how
A situation which has the potential to cause injury is called
.………..Should know as far as reasonably practical how to deal with emergency situations
..……….Should take part in emergency drills whenever possible
In emergency handling the third step will be
In emergency handling the last step will be
One of the best ways to determine and establish proper work procedures is
What experience has shown in hazard control when triggering events happen quickly
How likely is it that the hazard will occur? This determination requires
Personal protective equipment (ppe) is the ……. Step in protecting against workplace hazards in the jha.
9.9 Hazards in the Workplace
Option A Option B Option C Answer
Security personnel's Key staff personnel Everyone C
Warning Emergency Caution B
Key staff personnel Fire fighter personnel All personnel C
Security personnel's Everyone Fire fighter personnel B
Call for help Get to a safe place Assess the situation A
Assist the injured Prevent further accidents Follow up C
Exercise Training To conduct a job hazard analysis C
Training is 100 % effective Training is not very effective Exercise is 100 %effective B
Judgment Written procedures Service seniority A
Second First Last C
LMS Reference No. Prepared By
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