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Weed-Classification of Weeds

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46 views

Weed-Classification of Weeds

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sumitp2313
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B.

Sc (Ag) Vth Semester


Course Name- Weeds and Weed Management
Course code- BSCAG-311
D+1
Weed
Definition: Weed is unwanted and undesirable plant which interferes with the utilization of land and water resources
and adversely affects of human welfare.
“A weed is a plant growing where it is not desired”. Jethrotull (1737).
• The term "weed" was firstly used by Jethrotull.
‘Weed is a plant growing out of place’. Bill.
‘A weed is a plant whose potentialities for harm are greater than its potentialities for good’ Peter.
Characteristics of Weeds:
1. Weeds are prolific, with abundant seed production & Amaranthus spp.
2. Weeds remain dormant and viable for 30 to 40 years eg. Chenopodium spp.
3. Some weeds are propagated by vegetative part eg. Cynodon spp. Convobuslus spp.
4. Some seeds of weeds are very similar to crop seeds and their seperation becomes a problem & mustard and
Argemone spp.
5. Weeds are persistent and resistant to their control and eradication.
Classification of Weeds.
(a) On the basis of site of predominance:
(1) Obligate weeds: Such weeds are grown only in association with man and his agriculture. It is never found
in wild form ex, Amagallis, Chienopodium spp etc.
(2) Facultative weeds: Such type of weeds are grown both as wild and in cultivated habit Argenione mexicana,
Euphorbia hirta etc.
(b) On the basis of dependence of host:
(1) Total root parasite – Orobanche.
(2) Total stem parasite – Cuscula.
(3) Semi root parasite – Striga.
(4) Semi stem parasite – Loranthes
(c) On the basis of botanical characters:
(1) Grasses.
(2) Sedge.
(3) Broad leaf.
(4) Narrow leaved weed.
(d) On the basis of season:
(1) Kharif weeds: In this group, the plant required more temperature and humidity at the time of sowing and dry
atmosphere at the time of maturity.
For Example- Amaranthus viridis (Junglee chaulai) Boerlarvia diffusa ( Vishkhopora) Cassia occidentalis
(Kasaundhi) Cyprus rotundus (Motha) Euphorbia tryniloia (Chhoti duddhi) Digem arvensis (Lahsua)
(2) Rabi Weeds: In this group, the plant required low temperature at the time of sowing and more temperature
and dry weather at the time of maturity.
For Example- Anagallis arvenis (Krishna nil) Argentone mexicana (Satyanashi) Conolulu arvensis (Hiran khuri)
album) Cuscuta reflexa (Dodder).
(e) On the basis of propagation methods:
(1) Weeds which propagate by seed. E.g. Chenopodium album
(2) Weeds propagate by vegetative parts. E.g.
(3) Weeds which Propagate by roots.
(4) Weeds which Propagate by leaves.
(5) Weeds which Propagate by stem.
(6) Weeds which Propagate by seeds as well as vegetative parts.

(f) On the basis of cotyledons:


(1) Monocot weeds- Chenopodium album, Dub grass
(2) Dicot weeds- Krishna neel,
(g) On the basis of soil and water relationship:
(1) Weeds of Desert.
(2) Weeds of water logged soil.
(3) Weeds of marshy lands.
(4) Weeds of elay land.
(5) Weeds of dry areas.
(6) Weeds of alkaline soils.
(7) Weeds of acidic soil.
(8) Weeds of cultivated lands.
(9) Weeds of grazing lands.
(h) Other basis:
(1) Relative weed - rice in wheat.
(2) Absolute weeds- Cyprus rotundus.
(3) Rogue - off type crop variety.
(4) Volunteer weeds.
(5) Mimicry weeds - Phalaris in Wheat crops.
(6) Noxious weeds – Partherium.

REFERENCES:

1. Principles of Agronomy Ahlawat and Omprakash


2. Principles of Agronomy S.R. Raddy
3. Agronomy of field Crops S.R. Raddy
4. Weed Control Dr. Omprakash

Prepared By:
Mr. Rajeev Kumar
Department of Agriculture
Monad University, Hapur (U.P.)

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