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Topic-Questions-Electrons Bonding Structure

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Topic-Questions-Electrons Bonding Structure

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OCR

A-Level
CHEMISTRY
Foundations In Chemistry
Electrons, Bonding & Structure 2

Time allowed
72 minutes

QUESTION PAPER

Score Percentage

/60 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
1 The chlor-alkali industry is an important part of the UK chemical industry.

The raw material is brine, a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl(aq). Two
products that can be manufactured from brine are chlorine and sodium hydroxide — hence the
name chlor-alkali.

(a) Bleach can be made by reacting chlorine with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide. A solution of
bleach contains the chlorate compound NaClO.

Write the equation for the reaction taking place.

............................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) The systematic name for NaClO is sodium chlorate(I). Other chlorate compounds exist, such
as NaClO3.

(i) Give the systematic name for NaClO3.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) When heated, NaClO3 disproportionates as shown in the equation below.

4NaClO3 3NaClO4 + NaCl

Using oxidation numbers, explain why this is a disproportionation reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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(c) Chlorine has been added to drinking water for over a century. Recently, some scientists have
put forward the case for not chlorinating drinking water. This is because chlorine may react
with organic compounds in the water to form CH3Cl.

(i) State one valid reason that supports the scientists’ case and state one reason why
chlorine should be added to drinking water.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of CH3Cl.

Show outer electrons only.

[1]

(iii) Name the shape of a molecule of CH3Cl .

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) A sample of brine is a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl(aq).

Describe a simple chemical test that you could carry out to show that brine contains aqueous
chloride ions. How would you confirm that no other halide ions are present?

Include an ionic equation in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [4]

[Total: 13]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
For more help please visit our website www.exampaperspractice.co.uk
2 This question compares the bonding, structure and properties of sodium and sodium oxide.

(a) Sodium, Na, is a metallic element.

Explain, with the aid of a labelled diagram, what is meant by the term metallic bonding.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [3]

(b) Sodium reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide, Na2O, which is an ionic compound.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen to form sodium oxide.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State what is meant by the term ionic bond.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in Na2O.

Show outer electrons only.

[2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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(c) Compare and explain the electrical conductivities of sodium and sodium oxide in the solid and
liquid states.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [5]

[Total: 12]

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3 Solid potassium, K, solid potassium bromide, KBr, and ice, H2O, all exist as
lattices.
Their melting points are shown in the table below.

(a) Complete the table.

solid melting point / °C type of lattice

K 63 giant metallic

KBr 734

H 2O 0
[2]

(b) Explain why there is a difference in the melting points of K, KBr and H2O.

In your answer you should refer to the types of particle, the types of forces between the
particles and the relative strength of the forces between the particles in solid K, KBr and H2O.

In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms spelled correctly.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

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(c) Potassium metal reacts with water.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

0.2346 g of potassium is reacted with excess water.

Calculate the volume of gas formed.

The gas volume is measured in cm3 at room temperature and pressure.

answer = .................................................. cm3 [3]

[Total: 11]

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4 Linus Pauling was a Nobel prize winning chemist who devised a scale of electronegativity.

Some Pauling electronegativity values are shown in the table.

element electronegativity

B 2.0

Br 2.8

N 3.0

F 4.0

(a) What is meant by the term electronegativity?

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Show, using δ+ and δ– symbols, the permanent dipoles on each of the following bonds.

N—F N
[1]

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(c) Boron trifluoride, BF3, ammonia, NH3, and sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, are all covalent
compounds. The shapes of their molecules are different.

(i) State the shape of a molecule of SF6.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Using outer electron shells only, draw ‘dot-and-cross’ diagrams for molecules of BF3 and
NH3.

Use your diagrams to explain why a molecule of BF3 has bond angles of 120° and NH3
has bond angles of 107°.

BF3 NH3

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [5]

(iii) Molecules of BF3 contain polar bonds, but the molecules are non-polar.

Suggest an explanation for this difference.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 11]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
For more help please visit our website www.exampaperspractice.co.uk
5 This question is about different models of bonding and molecular shapes.

(a) Magnesium sulfide shows ionic bonding.

(i) What is meant by the term ionic bonding?

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross ’ diagram to show the bonding in magnesium sulfide.

Show outer electron shells only.

[2]

(b) ‘Dot-and-cross ’ diagrams can be used to predict the shape of covalent molecules.

Fluorine has a covalent oxide called difluorine oxide, F2O. The oxygen atom is covalently
bonded to each fluorine atom.

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross ’ diagram of a molecule of F2O.

Show outer electron shells only.

[2]

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For more help please visit our website www.exampaperspractice.co.uk
(ii) Predict the bond angle in an F2O molecule. Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

(i) Draw a labelled diagram to show hydrogen bonding between two molecules of liquid
ammonia.

[3]

(ii) Water has several anomalous properties as a result of its hydrogen bonding.

Describe and explain one anomalous property of water which results from hydrogen
bonding.

...........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 13]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
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Topic-Questions-Electrons Bonding Structure

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Topic-Questions-Electrons Bonding Structure

Uploaded by

OCR

Write the equation for the reaction taking place.

(i) Give the systematic name for NaClO3.

(ii) When heated, NaClO3 disproportionates as shown in the equation below.

4NaClO3 3NaClO4 + NaCl

Using oxidation numbers, explain why this is a disproportionation reaction.

(ii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of CH3Cl.

Show outer electrons only.

(iii) Name the shape of a molecule of CH3Cl .

(d) A sample of brine is a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl(aq).

Include an ionic equation in your answer.

(a) Sodium, Na, is a metallic element.

(ii) State what is meant by the term ionic bond.

(iii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram to show the bonding in Na2O.

Show outer electrons only.

(a) Complete the table.

solid melting point / °C type of lattice

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

0.2346 g of potassium is reacted with excess water.

Calculate the volume of gas formed.

The gas volume is measured in cm3 at room temperature and pressure.

answer = .................................................. cm3 [3]

Some Pauling electronegativity values are shown in the table.

(a) What is meant by the term electronegativity?

(i) State the shape of a molecule of SF6.

Suggest an explanation for this difference.

(a) Magnesium sulfide shows ionic bonding.

(i) What is meant by the term ionic bonding?

(ii) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross ’ diagram to show the bonding in magnesium sulfide.

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross ’ diagram of a molecule of F2O.

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