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Data Analysis Midterm Exam

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27 views3 pages

Data Analysis Midterm Exam

Uploaded by

malaikaqamar24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Clinical Psychology

University of Management and Technology


We train Professionals
BS Clinical Psychology

Examination: Summer 2024 Semester-


Course Title: Data Analysis Course Code: CP: 201
Resource Person: Muhammad Umer Sultan Time Allowed: 1 Hour
Exam Date: 28/08/24 Paper Review
Date:

Name: Malaika Qamar Participant ID: F2021381025

What is reliability analysis? Elaborate its significance in data analysis?

Reliability analysis:

Reliability analysis is a statistical process used to evaluate the consistency and stability of a
measurement tool or instrument. It determines how well a test, survey, or other measurement
method produces consistent results.

Significance in data analysis:

Reliability is important in data analysis because it directly affects the validity of the conclusions
drawn from the data. If a measurement tool is unreliable, the data collected may be not
consistent, leading to incorrect interpretations. For example, in psychological research, if a
questionnaire intended to measure anxiety levels is unreliable, the results might vary depending
on external factors, making it difficult to determine whether changes in anxiety are due to the
intervention being tested or simply due to measurement errors.

Briefly explain the assumptions of Regressions Analysis.

Regression Analysis:

Regression analysis in SPSS is used to predict the relationship between independent variable and
dependent variable, It is also known as predictive analysis. It tells us the impact of IV on DV and
also how change of 1 unit in IV brings change in DV.
Types of regression:

REGRESSION

LINEAR HIERARCHAL
REGRESSION REGRESSION

SIMPLE MULTIPLE
LINEAR LINEAR
REGRESSION REGRESSION

ASSUMPTIONS:

 Linear Relationship: There must be a linear relationship between the IV and DV.
Without this, the regression model won't accurately reflect the data.
 Normality: The residuals (differences between observed and predicted values) should
follow a normal distribution, as regression is a parametric test. Non-normality can lead to
unreliable results.
 Absence of Outliers: Outliers can affect the results, making the model less accurate.
Identifying and addressing them is important to avoid misleading conclusions.
 Homoscedasticity: The variance of residuals should be consistent across all levels of the
IV. If not, it can affect the regression estimates.

These assumptions ensure the reliability and validity of a regression analysis.

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