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41 views

Activity+6 2

Uploaded by

4bs5ghp9sx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Activity 6

Replication and Transcription

Name:

Objectives:

 Draw or describe how replication works, and know what the main players are
 Be able to explain how directionality of DNA has consequences for cellular
processes
 Work with experimental evidence about replication
 Draw or describe transcription, and know what the main players are

________________________________________________________________________

Replication

Below is a simple diagram of DNA.

leading strand
3 5
5 3

lagging strand
1. Draw the direction of replication on both strands, with arrows.
2. Which strand of original DNA will be copied continuously? Why?

The leading strand


is
Because the DNA polymerase
in the same direction as the
moving
replication fork

3. When looking at a replicated chromosome at the beginning of meiosis or mitosis,


which of the following is true?

a. One sister chromosome is the “new” DNA while the other is the original.

0
b. Each sister chromosome contains a double helix composed of one original DNA
strand and one new copy.

c. Each sister chromosome is a combination of old and new strands of DNA


interspersed together.

4. How do we know the answer to #3? Two scientists, Meselson and Stahl put heavy
nitrogen in the presence of DNA and all the other components necessary to replicate
DNA (remember, nitrogen is part of the DNA bases). They made DNA in the presence
of this heavy nitrogen until all DNA was “heavy”. Then, they switched the DNA back
to normal nitrogen, and let it go through a round of replication using normal nitrogen.
They had three hypotheses for how DNA was replicated, and they figured out the actual
mechanism by measuring whether the DNA contained heavy N, light N or a
combination of both. In the diagrams below, the “heavy” DNA is shown as a dark line,
while the “light” DNA is shown as a paler line.

a. Only one of these three models is correct (as proven by Meselson and Stahl’s
experiment). Which of the three models shown looks like the “semiconservative”
replication we now know is correct?
f

b. Predict the outcome for each of the three different models above, after a second round
of replication in the presence of normal (light) N. Draw what the molecules of DNA
would look like (which strands are heavy, light, or mixed?).

44
Inter light inter Inter Inter
heavy heavy light
light c. In the experiment, the DNA molecules were assayed by weight (spin the DNA in a
tube, and the heavier DNA will fall to the bottom, while the lighter DNA will not: see
the example below). The scientists predicted what they would see in the tube for each
of the 3 possible hypotheses, then performed the experiment. Their result
unambiguously supported semiconservative replication. You make the prediction:
under your drawings of what the strands of DNA would look like after a second round
of replication, draw what the scientists would have expected to see for each hypothesis
in their assay (tubes of DNA with light, heavy, or intermediate bands of DNA). Do you
see how the scientists knew it was semiconservative from the outcome of the
experiment?

Prediction, 1st round

of replication:

Prediction, 2nd round

of replication:

Prediction of

Experimental outcome

Example of tubes of DNA


containing heavy or light DNA

Transcription

5. In the picture below, draw in the strand of RNA as a line with a 5’ and 3’ end that
would be produced from this DNA.
6. What information in the diagram tells you which strand is the coding strand?
Label each strand as coding or template.
coding

template

I
t

a
7. The sequence below is the template DNA strand for RNA production. What
strand of RNA is produced from this template?

5’ AAGGGGTCTACTGCAT 3’

5 AGUACQUCUAC.UA66 3

8. What is the sequence of the coding DNA strand for the mRNA molecule?

5 AGTACGTCTACTG993

9. Draw the two strands of DNA so that the picture looks like the one provided for 5
and 6 above. Where must the promoter be located? Draw it in. Lastly, draw the
mRNA strand that is made (on the diagram, with 5’ and 3’ ends correct!).

iiii .it
EE

Prediction, 1st round

of replication:

Prediction, 2nd round

of replication:

Prediction of
experimental outcome:

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