ORAL COM REVIEWER

WEEK 10-TYPES OF SPEECH

Some individuals speak because they want information to be transmitted; others talk because
they want people to be motivated; some talk because they want to convince or persuade their
listeners to agree with what they believe in; often, some talk because they want their audience
to be entertained.
3 BASIC TYPES OF SPEECH
 INFORMATIVE
 PERSUASIVE
 ENTERTAINING
1. EXPOSITORY/ INFORMATIVE-The aim of this speech type is to teach the audience something new or
to provide audience worthwhile information. In this type, the speaker presents the “what”, “why” and
the “how” of his topic.

It can be classified in 3 types:

• Demonstration/ Explanation
• Definition
• Description
DEMONSTRATION/ EXPLANATION-refers to the “how to” speech or the “process speech”. It
explains how something works, how something is done, how something is developed or
acquired. Materials such as: visual aids, objects can be used to enhance the explanation.
ex:
• “How to develop good study habits”
• “How to dye your hair”
• “How to memorize long lines”
DEFINITION-it aims to give the meaning of words or phrases, or issues, a theory, or philosophy which
may be considered controversial or difficult to understand.

ex:
• A teacher lecturing a specific topic in class.
• A pastor teaching about the meaning behind holy communion in the Christian
church.
DESCRIPTION-It aims to make an audience imagine how a person or object looks like by the use of
descriptive words that appeal to the senses like the smell, taste, looks, touch, and sound.
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2. PERSUASIVE - A persuasive speech is a specific type of speech in which the speaker has a goal of
convincing the audience to accept his or her point of view. The speech is arranged in such a way as to
hopefully cause the audience to accept all or part of the expressed view.

As explained by Antonino et al. (2016), persuasive speech attempts to influence not only the
audience’s belief but also its attitude and behavior.
3 TYPES OF PERSUASIVE
1. Speech to convince-The main goal is to influence our listener’s beliefs or attitudes. But
remember, this speech does not require our listeners to do an action but only let them
internalize their present point of view.
2. Speech to inspire- This style of speech needs to influence our listener’s emotions.

3. Speech of Action-The task of this speech is to influence our listener’s actions and behavior. An
example is telling the teenager to stop smoking.

3. ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH- An entertainment speech is regarded as light speech since it is not

heavily structured compared to an informative or a persuasive speech. It is usually delivered during
parties, meetings and after dinner. So, people would love to listen to this kind of speech because it
makes them relax and they are able to enjoy the rest of the night.

we use the word “entertain,” we are referring not just to humor but also to drama.
WEEK 11-TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
MAUSCRIPT SPEECH-a type of speech according to delivery which involves reading from a prepared
script

For whom is the manuscript method most advantageous?

 PUBLIC FIGURES
 MEDIA PERSONALITIES
 SPOKESPERSONS FOR GOVERNEMENT AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS
TIPS IN USING THE MANUSCRIPT METHOD
 PREPARE
 MARK
 PRACTICE
 PRACTICE SOME MORE
 CONCENTRATE
 ACT IT OUT
MEMORIZED SPEECH- a written speech which is mastered and delivered entirely from memory.
When should you memorize?
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Introduction of a guest, acceptance of award or recognition, toast, eulogy, tribute and etc.
IMPROMPTU SPEECH-Delivered with little or no time for preparation.
In most instances, you are called to speak at the spur of the moment because you are expected
to be knowledgeable about the subject
Impromptu speaking situations may occur in offices, meetings, and college classes.
Relying on one’s previous knowledge and prior experiences are important factors in delivering
this speech (Nano, 2017)
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH- Unlike the impromptu speech, the extemporaneous speech is a planned
and outlined speech. It is not committed to memory and not read too. What the speaker does is to read
aloud the draft repeatedly until he is able to have the order of ideas fixed in his mind.

ADVANTAGES:
a. Shows speaker’s spontaneity and naturalness in speaking.
b. Allows speaker to monitor and adjust to the audience’s response.
c. Develops speaker’s careful organization of ideas and choice of words.
DISADVANTAGES:
a. Lacks the preciseness and careful presentation of the speaker’s thoughts and language.
b. Speaker’s main points may not be presented well.
TIPS IN USING EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH:
a. Write a brief outline to serve as a guide in the presentation of your main points.
b. Use a more spontaneous and natural language.
c. Adjust to your audience and adjust to their response.
d. Monitor the responses of your audience and make necessary adjustments on the flow of
your thoughts right on the spot.
e. Organize your thought carefully and choose your words appropriately.
f. Be natural and conversational as you create a direct contact with your audience.

I. Introduction
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Opening attention-getter
The need to listen
Thesis statement

II. Body
A. Main Point
Subpoint 1
Evidence
Statistics
Subpoint 2
Evidence
Statistics
B. Main Point 2
Subpoint 1
a. Evidence
b. statistics

III. Conclusion
Closing attention getter
Restatement of thesis or review main points
WEEK 12-PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE- As a speaker, you have the responsibility to disseminate the information
correctly to your audience.

Knowing your audience before the speech presentation will help you do the necessary
adjustments and provide to them the appropriate information (Nanno, 2017).
CHOOSING THE TOPIC-After knowing audience, the next step in speech making is to choose your topic.
Choosing your topic carefully is critical to a successful public speaking.
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THESE are THE AREAS to consider in choosing a topic:

1. Know your audience,
2. know the occasion,
3. know the purpose, and
4. Know yourself as a speaker.
OUTLINING & ORGANIZING-An outline helps the speaker to arrange his ideas logically and helps in
ensuring unity and coherence in his or her materials.

FORMAT OF A SPEECH OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION-This should capture the attention of the audience, there are six methods of beginning
a speech.

1. Announce the subject directly in the opening paragraph

2. Tell a human interest story, illustration, or an anecdote

3. Begin with striking statement that will arouse the curiosity of the

audience

4. Ask a thought provoking question

5. State facts which are important to the subject matter

6. Use a powerful quotation

BODY-This is essentially a discussion of the main issue.

You may use the basic patterns of development:

• narration

• exposition,

• argumentation

• description.

CONCLUSION-the ending of the speech

the ending of the speech is generally remembered be the longest by your audience, therefore
you must re-emphasize your message at the closing part of your speech for them to remember
what you have delivered.
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THE TYPE OF ORGANIZATION PATTERN DICTATES THE SUBSTANCE OF YOUR OUTLINE

A. CHRONOLOGICAL PATTERN. ARRANGE INFORMATION ACCORDING TO SEQUENCE.

B. SPATIAL PATTERN. ARRANGE INFORMATION BY DESCRIBING SPACES, LOCATION OR DIRECTION.

C. CAUSAL PATTERN. ANOTHER TERM FOR “CAUSE AND EFFECT PATTERN”, BEGIN BY PRESENTING THE
CAUSE OF A CONDITION THEN MOVE FORWARD BY EXPLAINING THE EFFECTS.

D. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST PATTERN. PRESENT THE SIMILARITIES AND

DIFFERENCES OF A CERTAIN THING, PERSON OR EVENT.

GATHERING THE MATERIAL-As a speaker, it is important that you will provide all the needed

information that will be included in your speech. With technology

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integration, finding information is not a problem anymore.

WEEK 14- (SPEECH DELIVERY) PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

THE MANNER OF DELIVERING A SPEECH IN FRONT OF AN AUDIENCE
1. ARTICULATION-FOCUSES ON MAKING INDIVIDUAL SOUNDS CLEAR AND INTELLIGIBLE. IN
ARTICULATION, YOU CHANGE THE SOUNDS COMING FROM YOUR VOCAL FOLDS BY MOVING THE TEETH,
TONGUE, JAW, LIPS & OTHER SPEECH ORGANS IN RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS.

TIPS:
• Practice to make sure you are not substituting or omitting sounds when you say a
word such as departamental for departmental.
• Pay particular attention to common sound substitution such as t for th so that
you don’t say ‘dem’ for ‘them.’
• Practice reading and recording passages with the sounds you‘re having a problem
with.
• Speak slowly.
• Speak in consistent tone.
• Practice the sounds that you find them hard to produce.
2. MODULATION-This means a change in volume, timing or pitch. When you adjust something, like
when you lower your voice to a loud whisper in order to make what you’re saying more dramatic and
when you move the pitch up & down, you are modulating your voice.

It can thus be used to enhance emphasis in words, with rising & lowering tones adding subtle
meaning.
Components of Voice Modulation
• Pace or Speech Speed- timing that varies between very fast & very slow.
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• Pause - intervals in speaking.

• Volume- making sure that everybody in the audience can hear you audibly.
• Emphasis- placing some stress or focus on the keywords or syllables.
• Inflection- the ups and downs of words.
3. STAGE PRESENCE-Refers to the certain charisma and charm that a speaker or performer possesses
that draws in an audience and commands their full attention. Stage presence is, above all, expressed
confidence.

HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR STAGE PRESENCE

SOME TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE DELIVERY ACCORDING TO ANTONINO ET AL., (2016):
A. CONSCIOUSLY LIFT YOUR EYEBROWS
B. SMILE A LOT IF APPLICABLE
C. CHANNEL YOUR NERVOUSNESS INTO YOUR DIAPHRAGM
D. HANDS SHOULD BE AT YOUR SIDE AND STILL UNLESS YOU’RE USING IT TO HOLD SOMETHING.
E. RAISE YOUR PITCH SLIGHTLY THAN NORMAL
F. STAND STRAIGHT, DON’T LEAN OR SLOUCH
G. OWN THE MESSAGE YOU’RE COMMUNICATING
H. MEMORIZE YOUR SPEECH AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE YOU GET ON THE STAGE
I. IF YOU MAKE MISTAKE, IGNORE IT AND MOVE ON
4. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES & MOVEMENTS-Facial Expressions. Appropriate facial expression
will help you connect with your audience and reinforce the content of your speech. This involves smiling
at your audience, raising your eyebrows to express specific emotional states such as happiness, anger,
sadness, disgust, etc.

Gesture. Similar to facial expression, you can use gestures to establish contact with the
audience and provide visual support for your message. Gesture refers to the movements with
some parts of the body such as head, shoulders, and arms to convey emphasis and meaning.
Body Posture and Movement. A powerful speaker shows confidence through body posture and
movement. The usage of proper posture will indicate how confident you are when delivering
your piece.
5. BUILDING RAPPORT-Generally, rapport means establishing friendly relationship with someone else,
but in speech rapport refers to the process of building an understanding and harmonious relationship or
bond between the speaker and the target audience or listeners
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Stuart (2014) suggested ten helpful tips that will help you gain rapport and engage to your
audience:
1.Put your audience first
2.Find opportunities for humor
3.Allow for flexibility in your content
4.First impression count
5.Have a strong opening
6.Manage the middle
7.Use stories for emotional connection
8.Use your voice with variety
9.Give the audience time
10.Have a strong ending