Geometry Practice [67 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 15]

Madhu is designing a jogging track for the campus of her school. The following
diagram shows an incomplete portion of the track.

Madhu wants to design the track such that the inner edge is a smooth curve from
point A to point B, and the other edge is a smooth curve from point C to point
D. The distance between points A and B is 50 metres.

To create a smooth curve, Madhu first walks to M, the midpoint of [AB].

(a) Write down the length of [BM]. [1]

Madhu then walks 20 metres in a direction perpendicular to [AB] to get from

point M to point F. Point F is the centre of a circle whose arc will form the
smooth curve between points A and B on the track, as shown in the following
diagram.
 (b.i) Find the length of [BF]. [2]

(b.ii) Find BF̂M. [2]

(c) Hence, find the length of arc AB. [3]

The outer edge of the track, from C to D, is also a circular arc with centre F, such
that the track is 2 metres wide.

(d) Calculate the area of the curved portion of the track, ABDC. [4]

The base of the track will be made of concrete that is 12 cm deep.

(e) Calculate the volume of concrete needed to create the curved

portion of the track. [3]

2. [Maximum mark: 6]
Point H on a hot-air balloon is sighted at the same time by two observers. One
observer is at the top of a vertical building that is 156 metres tall. The other
observer is at the base of the building.

The angle of elevation from point A (at the top of the building) to H is 40°,
and the angle of elevation from point B (at the base of the building) to H is
57°. Point X is the ground directly below point H. This information is shown in

the diagram.
diagram not to scale

(a) Find the size of angle AĤB. [2]

(b) Calculate the distance from point B to point H. [3]

 The hot-air balloon remains at a constant height as it moves further away from
the building.

(c) Describe, in words, the change in the angle of depression from

point H to point B as the horizontal distance between the
balloon and the building increases. [1]

3. [Maximum mark: 7]
Vertical posts are to be placed around the outer edge of a children’s park. Each
post is formed from a cuboid with a right square-based pyramid on top.

The cuboid part of the post is machine-made such that its width, and hence the
width of the pyramid, is exactly 20 cm. The length from the apex of the
pyramid, A, to any corner of the base of the pyramid is 14. 6 cm, but this is
only accurate to the nearest tenth of a centimetre. The post is shown in the
diagram.

diagram not to scale

(a) Write down the upper bound and lower bound for the possible
lengths of edge AC. [2]

Point H is the midpoint of BC.

(b) Determine the upper bound and lower bound for AH, the
slant height of the pyramid. [3]
 For the post to be safe for children, the angle between the slant height and the
base of the pyramid must be less than 22°.

(c) Show that this post is safe for children. Justify your answer. [2]

4. [Maximum mark: 6]
Kacheena stands at point K, the top of a 218 m vertical cliff. The base of the cliff
is located at point B. A ship is located at point S, 1200 m from Kacheena.

This information is shown in the following diagram.

(a) Find the angle of elevation from the ship to Kacheena. [2]
(b) Find the horizontal distance from the base of the cliff to the
ship. [2]

(c) Write down your answer to part (b) in the form a × 10k
where 1 ≤ a < 10 and k ∈ Z. [2]
5. [Maximum mark: 4]
A vertical pole stands on horizontal ground. The bottom of the pole is taken as
the origin, O, of a coordinate system in which the top, F, of the pole has
coordinates (0, 0, 5. 8). All units are in metres.

The pole is held in place by ropes attached at F.

One of the ropes is attached to the ground at a point A with coordinates

(3. 2, 4. 5, 0). The rope forms a straight line from A to F.
 (a) Find the length of the rope connecting A to F. [2]

(b) Find FÂO, the angle the rope makes with the ground. [2]

6. [Maximum mark: 5]
Joey is making a party hat in the form of a cone. The hat is made from a sector,
AOB, of a circular piece of paper with a radius of 18 cm and AÔB = θ as

shown in the diagram.

To make the hat, sides [OA] and [OB] are joined together. The hat has a base
radius of 6. 5 cm.

(a.i) Write down the perimeter of the base of the hat in terms of π. [1]

(a.ii) Find the value of θ. [2]

 (b) Find the surface area of the outside of the hat. [2]

7. [Maximum mark: 7]
A garden includes a small lawn. The lawn is enclosed by an arc AB of a circle
with centre O and radius 6 m, such that AÔB = 135° . The straight border
of the lawn is defined by chord [AB].

The lawn is shown as the shaded region in the following diagram.

 (a) A footpath is to be laid around the curved side of the lawn. Find
the length of the footpath. [3]

(b) Find the area of the lawn. [4]

8. [Maximum mark: 2]
A solid right circular cone has a base radius of 21 cm and a slant height of 35 cm.
A smaller right circular cone has a height of 12 cm and a slant height of 15 cm,
and is removed from the top of the larger cone, as shown in the diagram.
 (a) Calculate the radius of the base of the cone which has been
removed. [2]

9. [Maximum mark: 15]

Boris recorded the number of daylight hours on the first day of each month in a
northern hemisphere town.

This data was plotted onto a scatter diagram. The points were then joined by a
smooth curve, with minimum point (0, 8) and maximum point (6, 16) as
shown in the following diagram.

Let the curve in the diagram be y = f (t), where t is the time, measured in
months, since Boris first recorded these values.

Boris thinks that f (t) might be modelled by a quadratic function.

(a) Write down one reason why a quadratic function would not be
a good model for the number of hours of daylight per day,
across a number of years. [1]

Paula thinks that a better model is f (t) = a cos(bt) + d, t ≥ 0, for specific

values of a, b and d.

For Paula’s model, use the diagram to write down

(b.i) the amplitude. [1]

(b.ii) the period. [1]

(b.iii) the equation of the principal axis. [2]

(c) Hence or otherwise find the equation of this model in the form:

f (t) = a cos(bt) + d [3]

(d) For the first year of the model, find the length of time when
there are more than 10 hours and 30 minutes of daylight per
day. [4]

The true maximum number of daylight hours was 16 hours and 14 minutes.

(e) Calculate the percentage error in the maximum number of

daylight hours Boris recorded in the diagram. [3]
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