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1 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is free to move
without friction within the cylinder.

The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.

gas

cylinder

piston

The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.

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The air in the freezer is at atmospheric pressure, which is 1.0 × 10 Pa.
−3 2
The area of the piston in contact with the air in the freezer is 2.4 × 10 m .

(a) Calculate the force exerted on the piston by the air in the freezer.

force = .......................................................... [2]

(b) When the cylinder is first placed into the freezer, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder
decreases and the air pushes the piston into the cylinder.

Calculate the work done on the piston by the air in the freezer as the air pushes the piston a
distance of 0.021 m into the cylinder.

work done = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 4]

2 The diagram shows an electrically powered bicycle.

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battery

electric motor

When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.

(a) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy = .............................................. J [3]

(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.

Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.

time = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]
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3 The mass of a canoeist is 65 kg.

Calculate her kinetic energy when travelling on still water at 2.5 m / s.

energy = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

4 A battery provides energy to an electric car.

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The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9 m / s when it moves from rest. The combined mass of
the car and its driver is 1600 kg.

Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when its speed is 28 m / s.

kinetic energy = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

5 Two metal spheres of different diameters are heated to 900 °C in a hot oven. The two spheres are
removed from the oven.

(a) State and explain any difference in the initial rates of emission of radiation of thermal energy
between the two spheres.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) One hot sphere is now heated in a hotter oven.

State and explain any effect on the rate of emission of radiation of thermal energy from that
sphere when it is removed from the hotter oven.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
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6 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.

The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).

(a) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room from
8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

time = .............................................. [4]

(b) State two reasons why the time calculated in (a) is smaller than the actual time taken to raise
the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

7 State and explain the use of optical fibres in medicine.

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..................................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]