Pure Mathematics UNIT 1 - Module 3

SOLUTIONS AND MARK SCHEME

QUESTI SOLUTIONS MARKS

ON #
1. a) Given that 𝑦 = sin 3𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 = lim ( ) (1)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ
Such that 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = sin(3𝑥 + 3ℎ)

𝑑𝑦 sin(3𝑥 + ℎ) − sin(3𝑥) (1)

Implies: = lim ( )
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒: sin(2𝑥 + 2ℎ) = sin 2𝑥 cos 2ℎ + cos 2𝑥 sin 2ℎ

𝑑𝑦 sin 3𝑥 cos 3ℎ + cos 3𝑥 sin 3ℎ − sin 3𝑥

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒: = lim ( ) (1)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑑𝑦 sin 3𝑥 cos 3ℎ − sin 3𝑥 cos 3𝑥 sin 3ℎ

= lim ( ) + lim ( )
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ

𝑑𝑦 (cos 3ℎ − 1) sin 3ℎ
= 3 sin 3𝑥 lim ( ) + 3 cos 3𝑥 [lim ( )] (1)
𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 3ℎ ℎ→0 3ℎ

𝑑𝑦
= 3 sin 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
since
(cos 3ℎ − 1) sin 3ℎ
lim ( ) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [lim ( )] = 1
ℎ→0 3ℎ ℎ→0 3ℎ
(1)
Total: 5
1. b) sin 5𝑥
lim ( )
𝑥→0 sin 3𝑥

lim(𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥)
𝑥→0
lim(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥)
𝑥→0

sin 5𝑥
lim ( × 5𝑥)
𝑥→0 5𝑥
sin 3𝑥 (1)
lim ( 3𝑥 × 3𝑥)
𝑥→0
 sin 5𝑥
lim ( ) 5𝑥
𝑥→0 5𝑥
× lim
sin 3𝑥 𝑥→0 3𝑥 (2)
lim ( 3𝑥 )
𝑥→0

5 5 (1)
lim =
𝑥→0 3 3
Total: 4
4 4
1. c) i. 10 5
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∫ 6𝑔(𝑥) = 10 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) = = (1)
0 0 6 3

∫(𝑔(𝑥) + 3) 𝑑𝑥
0

4 4
(1)
= ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(3) 𝑑𝑥
0 0

5
= + [3𝑥]40
3
5
= + 12 (1)
3
41
= Total: 3
3

1. c) ii. 0 4

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∫(𝑔(𝑥) + 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫(𝑔(𝑥) + 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (1)

4 0

4 4

= − ∫ 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫(3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (1)

0 0

4
5 3𝑥 2
=− −[ ]
3 2 0

5 (1)
= − − 24
3
77 Total: 3
=−
3
2. i. Since 𝑓(𝑥) is discontinuous at 𝑥 = −1 (1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(−1)𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 (2)

Total: 3

2. ii.

1 mark for
accurately
sketching
each
function

Total: 3

3. a) 𝑑𝑥
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2𝑡 2 + 1 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 5𝑡
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = √(5𝑡 2 + 4) 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = (1)
𝑑𝑡 (√5𝑡 2 + 4)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒: = × = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 (1)
𝑑𝑦 5
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 =
𝑑𝑥 4(√12 + 3)
and

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝑎𝑡 (3,3) 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 3 = 2𝑡 2 + 1

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝑡 = 1

𝑑𝑦 5
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 =
𝑑𝑥 4(√12 + 3) (1)

5
=
12
 Hence the gradient of the normal
1
=−
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
1
=−
5
12 (1)
12
=−
5

Using the formulae 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥2 ) to find the equation of the normal line :
12
𝑦 − 3 = − (𝑥 − 3)
5 (1)
12 51
𝑦=− 𝑥+ Total: 5
5 5

3. b) 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 + 3 tan 𝑥 2 )

Using chain rule
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 3 tan 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = sin 𝑢 (1)

𝑑𝑢
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1 + 6𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 ) (1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑎𝑛𝑑 = cos 𝑢 (1)
𝑑𝑢

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = × (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢

𝑑𝑦
= [1 + 6𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 )][sin(𝑥 + 3 tan 𝑥 2 )] (1)
𝑑𝑥
Total: 5
4. a) Since 𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑦
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠: = 15𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 4 (1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦
𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 30𝑥 − 14 (1)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Therefore: 𝑑𝑥 2 + 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦

= (15𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 4) + 2( 15𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 4) + 5𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 3 (1)

= 10𝑥 3 + 16𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 (1)

(1)
= 2𝑥(5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 5) (as required) Total: 5
4. b) 1 − cos 𝑥
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑦 =
1 + cos 𝑥

u 𝑑𝑦 𝑣𝑢′ − 𝑢𝑣 ′
Using quotient rule: if y = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 =
v 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
𝑑𝑢
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 1 − cos 𝑥 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = sin 𝑥 (1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 1 + cos 𝑥 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = − sin 𝑥 (1)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 (1 + cos 𝑥 )(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + sin 𝑥 (1 − cos 𝑥) (1)

ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 =
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 (1 + cos 𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) + sin 𝑥 (1 − cos 𝑥)

=
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)2

(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥) + (sin 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥) (1)

=
(1 + cos 𝑥)2

−2 sin 𝑥
= (1)
(1 + cos 𝑥)2

𝜋
𝑑𝑦 −2 sin (3) 4√3 (1)
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒: = 2 = 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝜋 𝜋 9
3 (1 + cos ( 3)) Total: 6

5. a) 𝑑𝑢 (1)
Since: 𝑢 = sin 𝑥 tan 𝑥 implies that 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑥 − sec 2 𝑥

Hence: 𝑑𝑢 = (cos 𝑥 − sec 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

(1)

Therefore: ∫ 14(cos 𝑥 − sec 2 𝑥)(sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)6 𝑑𝑥 = 14 ∫ 𝑢6 𝑑𝑢 (1)

= 2𝑢7 + 𝑐
(1)
= 2(sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)7 + 𝑐
Total: 4
 𝜋
5. b) 4

∫ 14(cos 𝑥 − sec 2 𝑥)(sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)6 𝑑𝑥

0
𝜋
= [2(sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥)7 ]04
(2)
𝜋 𝜋 7
= 2 (sin − tan ) − 2(sin 0 − tan 0)7 (2)
4 4
7
2(−1 + √2) (1)
=
2 Total: 5

6. a) i. Since 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
Implies: −𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = 0 (1)
2𝑥(𝑥 − 4) = 0
Therefore 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 4 (1)
Using 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
For 𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 =0 (1)
And for 𝑥 = 4; 𝑦 = 8
Thus the points of intersection are (0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (4, 8) (1)
Total: 4
6. a) ii. 𝑏 𝑏

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑔(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (1)
𝑎 𝑎

4 4

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫(−𝑥 2 + 6𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (1)

0 0
4
2𝑥 3
= [− + 4𝑥 2 ]
3 0 (1)
2(4)3 2(0) 3
=− + 4(4)2 − (− + 4(0)2 )
3 3
64 (1)
= 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 Total: 4
3
6. i. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 12𝑥 3
𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 36𝑥 2 (1)
′ (𝑥)
At the stationary point 𝑓 =0
Implies 0 = 4𝑥 3 + 36𝑥 2
0 = 4𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 9)
Therefore 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = −9 (1)
For 𝑓(0) = 0 and 𝑓(−9) = (−9)4 + 12(−9)3 = −2187
Hence the stationary points are (0,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (−9, −2187) (1)

Using the first derivative test to find the nature of the stationary
At (0,0)
Before 𝑥 = 0; let 𝑥 = −1 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (−1) = 32 > 0 {/}
After 𝑥 = 0; let 𝑥 = 1 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (1)
= 40 > 0 {/} (1)
Hence (0,0) is a point of inflexion(saddle point) (1)

And at (−9, −2187)

Before 𝑥 = −9; let 𝑥 = −10 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (−10) < 0 {\};
After 𝑥 = −9; let 𝑥 = −8 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (−8)
>0 {/}; (1)
Hence (−9, −2187) is a minimum turning point (1)

Total: 7
7. i. 𝑑𝑥
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 = 20 cos 3𝑡 − 21 sin 7𝑡
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥 (1)
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡

(1)
𝑥 = ∫ 20 cos 3𝑡 − 21 sin 7𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑥 = 4 sin 5𝑡 + 3 cos 7𝑡 + 𝐶 (3)

Total: 5

TOTAL 71 MARKS