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14 views

Curs 1

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voichita
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2.

Present Tenses
2.1. The Simple Present Tense

FORMS:

The Simple Present Tense is the short Infinitive (without the particle
”to”).
to eat → eat

A. Affirmative form

I eat We eat
You eat You eat
He, she, it eats They eat
The verbal form remains the same at all persons, except the III rd person singular,
which has the ending ”-s”.
!

B. Negative form

The negative form is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb ”to do” and the
negative particle ”not”.
eat → do not eat/don't eat

Subject + to do +not + V

I do not eat/ I don’t eat.


You do not eat./ You don’t eat.
He, she, it does not eat/ He, she, it doesn’t eat.
We
You do not eat/ don’t eat.
They
At the IIIrd person singular the auxiliary verb ”to do” has the ending ”-es”.
!

C. Interrogative form

to do + Subject +V?

Do I eat? we
Do you eat? Do you eat?
Does he, she, it eat? they

D. The Negative Interrogative form

to do + Subject +not +V?

Do I not eat? / Don’t I eat?


Do you not eat? / Don’t you eat?
Does he, she, it not eat? / Doesn’t he, she, it eat?
we we
Do you not eat? Don’t you eat?
they they

!
In constructions like ”I know this song, don’t I?”
”Ştiu acest cântec, nu-i aşa?”
● If the first sentence is an affirmative one, then the question tag follows is
at negative form.
● If the first sentence is a negative one, then the question tag that follows is
at affirmative form.
ex. You work every day, don’t you?
He never plays tennis, does he?
! Note on the suffix for the IIIrd person singular
− add ”-s” to verbs ending in any consonant, except ”s, x, z, sh, ch, tch”
− add ”-es” to verb ending in s, x, z, sh, ch, tch
to verb ending in ”o”
− when the verb ending in ”-y”
add ”-s” when ”-y” is preceded by a vowel
ex. stay - stays
add ”-es” when ”-y” is preceded by a consonant
● the final ”-y” is changed into ”i”
ex. try - tries

USES
1) Habitual actions (usually accompanied by adverbs like: always, often,
usually, frequently, generally, normally).
This actions refers to what we do in our every day life.
ex. We usually play tennis.
She smokes every morning.
We eat dinner at 9 o’clock.

2) General truths
This refers to statements that are valid any time, that can’t be argued.
ex. The grass is green.
Birds fly.

3) Actions that are relatively stable, for the moment.


ex. I live in Craiova.
I am a student.

We! can use time adverbs like ”now, at the moment, right now” to enforce the
temporary status of that actionor fact.

4) In sports commentaries
ex. The player hits the ball.
The coach enters the field.

5) In stage directions
ex. Maria enters the stage after Biel.
The killer hits him with a knife.

6) Quating or reporting
ex. The sign says: ”No parking”.
She says she wants to marry you.

7) Instructions
ex. Keep out of reach of children!
Don’t put salt in the water!
Don’t trow it into the fire!
8) We can use Present Simple Tense to express the Future—future planned
events:
ex. The play starts at 3 P.M.
The plaine leaves at 7 o’clock.
!
Present Simple Tense express a future event planned in the present,
but after a schedule made by an authority, not by us.
If we want to epress a future planned event after our own will we use
Present Continuous Tense.
− to express the data (time):
ex. Tomorrow is Saturday.
Next week is Valentine’s Day.

− in subordinate clauses
a) time clauses (after adverbs like: when, after, before, as soon as)
ex. We will get home1/ befor it gets dark. /
2

Give me a call1/ you


as arrive.
soon as/
2

b) conditional clauses (after adverbs like: if, unless, in case).


ex. If it rains on Sunday1/, I will repair my bike.2/
If you do that again1/, I will tell your mother.2/

9) We can use Present Simple Tense to express certain Past actions


− in story telling:
ex. One day, the little boy goes to the wood.
The wolf eats the girl.

− newspaper headline
ex. Plane crashes in England.
The river fluds the city.

− with verbs like: ”tell, hear, leave, write” to present the present effect of a
past communication.
ex. He tells me that you have won the competition.
EXERCISES

I Put the following sentences into: -IIIrd person singular


-negative
-interrogative
1) My grandparents live in the village.
2) I have dinner at 9 o’clock.
3) The children play in the yard.
4) Airplanes fly at high altitude.
5) You brush your teeth after lunch.

II Add questions tags to the following sentences:


1) I have a nice house, ..........?
2) You never shave after 12, ..........?
3) He always drinks after dinner, ..........?
4) Your car often breakes down, ..........?
5) You hardly see Jim, ..........?

III Fiel in the blanks with verbs in the Simple Present:


I ______ a nice house in the suburbs. My friends often _______ me. We
always _______ barbeque and _______ a lot of beer. After we _______ we
_______ footbal. We _______ about our jobs and _______ cards. When it
_______ dark, my friends _______ home.

IV Write questions to the following statements:


1) I get up at 8A.M.
What time..........?
2) I want to visit you next week.
When..........?
3) My mother cooks dinner.
Who..........?
4) I earn my living by teaching.
How..........?
5) She works here because she likes it.
Why..........?

V Translate into English:


1) De obicei mergem cu maşina la şcoală, dar din când în când mergem pe
jos.
2) Pământul se roteşte în jurul Soarelui.
3) Trenul pleacă mâine la ora 7.
4) Vecinul meu plimbă câinele în fiecare dimineaţă.
5) Maria preferă să mănânce decât să gătească.
6) De ce vrei să devii doctor?
7) Îti plac noile mele unelte?
8) Niciodată nu mă duc la plajă după prânz.
9) Cât câştigă el?
10) Din păcate, ne ducem foarte rar la teatru.

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