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Lecture 1

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sherlinshruti31
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Codes and Standards Interior Design

Lecture-1
Unit-1 Fire Safety Code
Building Fire Disaster

• All fires invariably cause loss


of property besides causing
loss of lives/ Injuries.
• Increased use of electricity,
L.P.G. and hazardous
chemicals result in increase of
the fire hazard potential.
• Fires are largely man made
disasters caused mostly by
negligence, poor
maintenance or sabotage.
Building Fire Disaster

• There is need to have proper blend of in- built fire safety


measures in building/ premises as per specifications
their proper servicing and maintenance and also the
existence of well equipped public fire service which
reduces the fire risk to great extent.

• The increased number of fire accidents are mainly due


to the lack of fire safety norms.
Common Causes of Building Fire
• Cooking equipment- If proper safety
procedures are not followed when cooking,
fires can originate from the kitchen area and
spread to other areas of a building very
rapidly.
• Heating equipment- Depending on the time
of year and climate, heating equipment
inside personal homes and commercial
buildings can lead to major fires. This can
include issues with boilers, radiators, and
space heaters.
Common Causes of Building Fire
• Electrical and lighting equipment- Most
electrical and lighting wires run behind the
walls inside homes and commercial buildings.
However, anywhere there is electricity, there
is an inherent fire risk. Old or defective
wiring, loose connections, faulty fuses,
overloaded circuits, imbalanced electrical
loads, and other electrical issues can lead to
a spark that ignites a fire.
• Smoking materials- There are a variety of
types of smoking materials that can cause
fires, including cigars, cigarettes, and even
electronic cigarettes.
Types of Fires as per BIS (IS 15683:2018)

• Class A Fire:
This type of fire involves common combustible
materials like wood, paper, cloth, and plastics. Class A
fires typically leave behind ash after burning.
• Class B Fire:
These fires involve flammable liquids or gases
like gasoline, oil, grease, or paint. Unlike Class A fires,
Class B fires do not leave ash behind. Instead, they
usually produce thick, black smoke.
Types of Fires as per BIS (IS 15683:2018)
• Class C Fire:
Class C is the electrical fire classification. These
fires involve energized electrical equipment such as
appliances, wiring, circuit breakers, and outlets.
Because of the risk of electrical shock, water-based
extinguishers should not be used on Class C fires.
Instead, special extinguishers that do not conduct
electricity are used.
• Class D Fire:
This is the metal fire classification and it
involves combustible metals like magnesium,
titanium, sodium, and potassium. It can be very
dangerous and requires specialized extinguishing
agents designed for these metals.
Types of Fires as per BIS (IS 15683:2018)
• Class K/F Fire:
This is the cooking oil and fat fire classification
and it involves combustible materials like cooking oil,
fat, grease etc. It is common in kitchen, restaurants
etc.
Fire resistant Materials
• Fire resistance is the ability of a material to
withstand the effects of fire, or to resist ignition and
burning.
• This characteristic is crucial as it determines how long
structural elements and components within a
building can function during a fire, providing crucial
time for evacuation and potentially reducing the
damage to the property and life.
• Fire resistance is not only the ability of a material to
prevent the spread of flames and limit the amount
of heat released but also its capacity to maintain
structural integrity when exposed to high
temperatures.
Fire Resistance
Fire resistance is the property of an element of building construction and is the
measure of its ability to satisfy for a stated period, some or all of the following
criteria:
• Load bearing capacity (Stability) (R) – The ability of a load bearing element to
withstand fire exposure without any loss of structural stability.
• Integrity (E) – Resistance to penetration of flame and hot gases.
• Insulation (I) – Resistance to temperature rise on unexposed face.
Fire Resistant Rating
The time that a material or construction can withstand the standard fire exposure
as determined by fire test done in accordance with standard method of fire tests of
materials/ structures as per the accepted standard.
Fire Resistant Materials
Fire Resistant Materials
• Fire resistance rating for non- structural
material/ assembly shall bear a label of
compliance to such rating as per the
approval of competent authority based on
testing and evaluation. The label shall be
permanently affixed to the material/
assembly and may carry other relevant
details such as name and type of the
product and manufacturer’s details etc.
Fire Rating for a gypsum plasterboard

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