4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

Objectives
Part 1: Gather PDU Information for a Local Network Communication
Part 2: Gather PDU Information for a Remote Network Communication

Background
If you are interested in a career in network administration or network security, it is important to understand
normal network communication processes. In this Packet Tracer activity, you will inspect Ethernet frames
and IP packets at different points in the network as they travel from source to destination. You will focus on
the way that the MAC and IP addresses change depending on the destination (local or remote) and the
place where the PDUs are captured.
Packet Tracer has a simulation mode which will enable you to investigate details about how PDUs travel on
networks. It enables you to check the Layer 2 MAC addressing and Layer 3 IPv4 addressing of the PDUs at
different locations in the network as the PDUs flow from source to destination.
This activity is optimized for viewing PDUs as they travel on local and remote networks. You will gather PDU
information in PT simulation mode and answer a series of questions about the data you collect. No device
configuration is required.

Instructions

Part 1: Gather PDU Information for a Local Network Communication

In this part, you will study how a device on a local network does not need a default gateway to communicate
with another device on the same local network.
Note: Review the Reflection Questions in Part 3 before proceeding with this part. It will give you an idea of
the type of information you will need to gather.
a. Click host 172.16.31.3 and open the Command Prompt.
b. Enter the ping 172.16.31.2 command. This command will issue a series of ICMP echo request packets
to the destination. If the packets reach the destination, it will send echo-reply messages pack to the
source of the ping requests.
c. Click the Simulation mode button to switch to simulation mode. Repeat the ping 172.16.31.2 command.
An envelope icon that represents a PDU appears next to 172.16.31.3.
d. Click the PDU and locate the following information in both the OSI Model and Outbound PDU Details
tabs. The Outbound PDU Details tab shows simplified packet and frame headers for the PDU. You
should observe the following details regarding addressing for the PDU.
· At Device: 172.16.31.3
· Source MAC Address: 0060.7036.2849
· Destination MAC Address: 000C:85CC:1DA7
· Source IP Address: 172.16.31.3
· Destination IP Address: 172.16.31.2
e. Click Capture / Forward (the right arrow followed by a vertical bar) and the PDU moves to the next
step in its journey. Use the OSI model tab to gather the same information from Step 1d. Repeat this
process until the PDU reaches its destination. For each step on the path to delivery, record the
information for each PDU into a spreadsheet that uses a format like the table shown below. The
information for the first step is shown in the table.
Example Spreadsheet Format

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 Answer Area 000C:85CC:1DA7 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2

Type your
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At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 0060.7036.2849 000C:85CC:1DA7 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2

Switch 2 0060.7036.2849 000C:85CC:1DA7 N/A N/A
172.16.31.2 (in) 000C:85CC:1DA7 000C:85CC:1DA7 172.16.31.3 172.16.31.2
172.16.31.2 (out) 0060.7036.2849 0060.7036.2849 172.16.31.2 172.16.31.3

Hide Answer
Blank Line, No additional information

f. You will notice that the information for the inbound PDU is unchanged.
Question:

In the PDU information window, click the tab for the outbound PDU. How does the addressing differ, and
why? Record the addressing in your table.
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The source and destination address are reversed in both the frame and packet because this PDU
will be sent back to host 172.16.31.3. This message will be a ping echo-reply.

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

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g. Return to Realtime mode.

Part 2: Gather PDU Information for a Remote Network Communication

To communicate with remote networks, a gateway device is necessary. The gateway device connects two or
more networks together. In this part, you will study the process that takes place when one device
communicates with another device that is on a remote network. Pay close attention to the MAC addresses
used.
Note: Move your mouse over the Router. You will see information about the addressing of the router
interfaces. Refer to these addresses as you observe the PDU flow through the router.
a. Return to the Command Prompt for 172.16.31.3.
b. Enter the ping 10.10.10.2 command. The first couple of pings may time out.
c. Switch to Simulation mode and repeat the ping 10.10.10.2 command. A PDU appears next to
172.16.31.3.
d. Click the PDU and note the following information tab:
· At Device: 172.16.31.3
· Source MAC Address: 0060.7036.2849
· Destination MAC Address: 00D0:BA8E:741A
· Source IP Address: 172.16.31.3
· Destination IP Address: 10.10.10.2
Question:

What device and interface has the destination MAC address that is shown?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The router interface FasteEthernet1/0

Hide Answer

e. Click Capture / Forward (the right arrow followed by a vertical bar) to move the PDU to the next
device. Gather the same information from Step 1d. Repeat this process until the PDU reaches its
destination. Record the PDU information you gathered from pinging 172.16.31.5 to 10.10.10.2 into a
spreadsheet using a format like the sample table shown below. Enter details for both the inbound and
outbound PDUs at the Router.

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 00D0:D311:C788 00D0:BA8E:741A 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

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Blank Line, No additional information

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

172.16.31.3 00D0:D311:C788 00D0:BA8E:741A 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2

Switch 2 0060.7036.2849 00D0:BA8E:741A N/A N/A
Router (in) 0060.7036.2849 00D0:BA8E:741A 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2
Router (out) 00D0:588C:2401 0060:2F84:4AB6 172.16.31.3 10.10.10.2
Switch 1 00D0:588C:2401 0060:2F84:4AB6 N/A N/A
Access Point N/A N/A N/A N/A
10.10.10.2 0060:2F84:4AB6 00D0:588C:2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.5

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f. Repeat the process for the echo-reply message that originates from host 10.10.10.2. Complete the table
for each step.

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

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At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

10.10.10.2 0060:2F84:4AB6 00D0:588C:2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3

Access Point N/A N/A N/A N/A

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

At Device Src MAC Dest. MAC Src IPv4 Dest IPv4

Switch 1 0060:2F84:4AB6 00D0:588C:2401 N/A N/A

Router (in) 0060:2F84:4AB6 00D0:588C:2401 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
Router (out) 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.3
Switch 1 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 N/A N/A
Access Point N/A N/A N/A N/A
10.10.10.2 00D0.BA8E.741A 0060.7036.2849 10.10.10.2 172.16.31.5

Hide Answer
Blank Line, No additional information

Reflection Questions
Answer the following questions regarding the captured data:
1. What different types of cables/media were used to connect devices?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

copper, fiber, and wireless

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2. Did the cables change the handling of the PDU in any way?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

No

Hide Answer

3. Did the wireless Access Point do anything to the PDUs that it received?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

Yes. It repackaged them as wireless 802.11 frames.

Hide Answer

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

4. Was PDU addressing changed by the access point?

Answer Area
Type your answer here.

No

Hide Answer

5. What was the highest OSI layer that the Access Point used?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

Layer 1

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6. At what Layer of the OSI model do cables and access points operate?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

Layer 1

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7. When examining the PDU Details tab, which MAC address appeared first, the source or the destination?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

Destination

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8. Sometimes PDUs were marked with red Xs while others had green check marks. What is the
significance of these markings?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The PDUs that are marked with Xs were not accepted by a device because the destination
address did not match the device’s MAC address.

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9. Every time that the PDU was sent between the 10 network and the 172 network, there was a point
where the MAC addresses suddenly changed. Where did that occur?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

It occurred at the router

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10. Which device uses MAC addresses that start with 00D0:BA?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The router

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11. What devices did the other MAC addresses belong to?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

To the sending device and receiving device

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12. Did the sending and receiving IPv4 addresses change in any of the PDUs?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

No

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13. When you follow the reply to a ping, sometimes called a pong, what happens to the source and
destination addresses?

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4/8/24, 5:11 PM Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses

Answer Area
Type your answer here.

They switch because the receiving device is now the source.

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14. Why do you think the interfaces of the router are part of two different IP networks?
Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The function of a router is to interconnect different IP networks. It must be a member of both

networks to do this.

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15. Which IP networks are connected by the router?

Answer Area
Type your answer here.

The 10.10.10.0/24 and 172.16.31.0/24 networks.

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