OR Gate Using Switch

Micro-Project Proposal
To Build the OR Gate using Switch

1.0 Aims of the Micro-Project

1. To Build the OR gate using switch to determine truth table of OR Gate.

2. Additionally, with the help of Switch we can implement OR Gate.

3. Preparing a logic circuit OR gate.

4. To use various of Switch, LED,Batteries.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

CO1: Use number system and codes for interpreting working of digital system.

CO2: Use Boolean expressions to realize logic circuits.

CO3: Build simple combinational circuits.

CO4: Build simple sequential circuits.

CO5: Test data converters and PLDs in digital electronics systems.

3.0 Proposed Methodology

1) Focused on the selection of an appropriate topic for the micro-project.

2) Brief study on our topic.

3) Gather all information based on the topic of the micro project

.
4) Analysis and study of our topic in detail.

5) Following all the above methodologies we successfully completed our

microproject.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 1

OR Gate Using Switch

5.0 Resources Required

Sr. No. Name of Resource Specifications Qty. Remarks

/Material
1 Switches Type: Toggle or Push-Button
1
2 Wires Material: Copper or Aluminum
1
3 Breadboard (Optional) Material: Plastic with metal
contact points 1
4 Power Source Options: Batteries or Power
Supply 1
5 Resistors Material: Carbon film or Metal
Film 1
6. Battery Holder (Optional) Material: Plastic or
Metal 1

• Names of Team Members with Roll No.

Sr. Name of Student Roll No.

No.
1 Mundhe Vaishnavi Vinod 62
2 Nalawade Maithili Ganesh 63
3 Nalawade Siddhi Sudhir 65
4 Naykodi Siddhi Ganesh 67
5 Pansare Siddhi Avinash 71

Ms. Chaudhari G. C
(Subject Teacher)
(To be Approved by the concerned teacher)

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 2

OR Gate Using Switch

Micro-Project Report
To Build the OR gate Using Switch

1.0. Rationle

An OR gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that outputs true (high) when at least one of its
inputs is true (high). This microproject aims to build an OR gate using physical switches to illustrate its
behavior. OR gate using mechanical switches, highlighting how the circuit responds to different input combinations.
This hands-on approach reinforces the understanding of basic logic gates and their applications in digital electronics.

2.0 .Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

• To Build the OR gate using switch to determine truth table of OR Gate.

• Additionally, with the help of Switch we can implement OR Gate.
• Preparing a logic circuit OR gate.
• To use various of Switch, LED,Batteries.

3.0. Course Outcomes Achieved

• Use number system and codes for interpreting working of digital system.
• Use Boolean expressions to realize logic circuits.
• Build simple combinational circuits.
• Build simple sequential circuits.
• Test data converters and PLDs in digital electronics systems.

4.0 Actual Methodology Followed

1. Prepare the Power Supply : Connect the positive terminal of the power supply to a common
connection point.

2. Wire the Switches in Parallel : Take two switches and connect them in parallel. Both switches should
be connected such that if either switch is ON, the circuit is complete and current can flow.

3. Connect the Output : The other terminal of each switch should be connected to positive side of LED
and negative side of LED should connected to negative terminal of the circuit.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 3

OR Gate Using Switch

4. Test the Circuit : When either switch is turned ON, current will flow through the circuit and light
bulb will light up, representing a logic high output(1) also if the both switches is OFF,the circuit will
be open and light bulb remain OFF, representing a logic low output (0).

5.0 Brief Information

An OR gate is a fundamental digital logic gate used in electronics and digital circuits. It performs a
logical OR operation on its input signals, and the output of an OR gate is true (1) if at least one of its input
signals is true (1). If all the input signals are false (0), the output is also false (0).
You can create a simple visual representation of an OR gate using physical switches as inputs.
Imagine you have two or more switches, and they are wired in such a way that they lead to a single lightbulb
or LED. When at least one of the switches is turned on (closed), the lightbulb or LED will light up, indicating
that the OR gate's output is 1. If all switches are turned off (open), the light remains off, representing an
output of 0.
This physical setup with switches and a light source serves as a hands-on demonstration of the
behavior of an OR gate, which is a fundamental building block in digital logic circuits used in computers,
calculators, and countless other electronic devices. It's a simple yet essential component for making decisions
based on multiple input conditions.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 4

OR Gate Using Switch

1] OR gate :

An OR gate is a fundamental digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one output. It is commonly
represented in electronic circuits as a symbol with multiple input lines and a single output line. The primary
function of an OR gate is to perform a logical OR operation on its input signals, producing an output based
on the following rules:
• If at least one of the input signals is HIGH (1), the output is HIGH (1).
• If all the input signals are LOW (0), the output is LOW (0).

 OR Gate Symbol and Truth Table

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 5

OR Gate Using Switch

.
 Circuit Diagram :

BASIC INFORMATION OF ALL :

An OR gate is a fundamental digital logic gate used in electronics to perform a logical OR

operation on input signals. An OR gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that outputs a true (high) signal
when at least one of its inputs is true (high). It is a basic building block in digital circuits.

 Components Needed :

1. Switches.
2. Toggle or push-button switches represent the input.
3. Light Source: Use an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or incandescent bulb to represent the output.
4. Connect switches, the light source, and the power source.
5. Power Source.
6. Batteries or a power supply provide electrical energy for the circuit.
7. Battery Holder (optional): Helps secure batteries and simplify connections.
8. Breadboard (optional): Useful for a neat and temporary circuit setup.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 6

OR Gate Using Switch

9. Resistors (if using LEDs): Required to limit current and protect LEDs.
10. Tools : Screwdriver, wire strippers, and soldering iron (if needed).
11. Circuit Connection : Connect the common terminal of all switches together to create an "Input Node".
Link the other terminal of each switch to the positive terminal of the power source. Connect the negative
terminal of the power source (GND) to the negative terminal of the LED. Link the positive terminal of
the LED to the "Input Node."

 OR gate using Switch truth table :

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 7

OR Gate Using Switch

 Operation :

When any switch is closed (on), current flows from Vcc through the closed switch to the "Input
Node." If at least one switch is closed, the "Input Node" becomes high (1), lighting up the LED as the
output. If all switches are open (off), the "Input Node" remains low (0), and the LED stays off,
representing a 0 output,

 Information about OR GATE using Switch

An OR gate is a fundamental building block in digital electronics. Here's a more comprehensive

look at how to create an OR gate using switches, along with some additional concepts and applications.
An OR gate constructed using mechanical switches demonstrates the logical operation where the
output is high if at least one input switch is closed (on). This hands-on approach provides a clear
understanding of how an OR gate functions.

 Circuit Design Components Needed:

• Two SPST switches (S1, S2) : Single Pole Single Throw switches function as inputs.
• One Light Bulb or LED : Acts as the output indicator.
• One Battery or Power Source: Provides the necessary voltage (e.g., 9V or 12V).
• Wires : For connecting the components.

 Circuit Setup:

• Connect the Power Source: Connect the positive terminal of the battery to one terminal of both
switches (S1 and S2).
• Connect the Switches
• Connect the other terminal of S1 to one terminal of the light bulb (let's call this Terminal A).
• Connect the other terminal of S2 to the same Terminal A of the light bulb.
• Complete the Circuit:
• Connect the remaining terminal of the light bulb to the negative terminal of the battery.

 How It Works?

1. Open Switches (S1 = 0, S2 = 0): Both switches are off, so the circuit is incomplete, and the light remains
off (Output = 0).

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 8

OR Gate Using Switch

2. S1 Closed, S2 Open (S1 = 1, S2 = 0): Closing S1 allows current to flow to the light bulb, lighting it up
(Output = 1).
3. S1 Open, S2 Closed (S1 = 0, S2 = 1): Closing S2 also allows current to flow to the light bulb, lighting
it up (Output = 1).
Both Switches Closed (S1 = 1, S2 = 1): Current flows through both switches to the light bulb, which
is still lit (Output = 1).

 Truth Table :

S1 (Input 1) S2 (Input 2) Output (Light)

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

 Applications :

1. Control Systems: OR gates can be used in control circuits where multiple inputs can trigger a single
output, such as alarm systems.

2. Lighting Control: Multiple switches in different locations can control a single light source,
enhancing convenience in rooms or hallways.

3. Logic Circuits: OR gates are essential in more complex digital circuits, forming the basis of
computational logic.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 9

OR Gate Using Switch

 Variations :

• Multiple Inputs: You can extend this circuit to include more switches (inputs). For instance, using
more switches in parallel will maintain the OR gate functionality.

• Using a Relay: If the output needs to control a high-power device, a relay can be integrated into
the circuit.

 Conclusion :

Creating an OR gate using switches provides a practical demonstration of how logical operations
can be represented physically. This simple project not only illustrates the concept but also
reinforces the foundational principles of electronics and logic design.

 Advantages and Disadvantages of OR gate using

 Advantages :

1. Educational Value: Building an OR gate with switches is an excellent educational tool. It helps
individuals, especially students, understand fundamental digital logic concepts and how logic
gates work.

2. Hands-On Learning: It offers a practical, hands-on experience of creating a digital circuit. This
hands-on approach can enhance the learning experience, making it easier to grasp complex
concepts.

3. Low Cost: The materials required, such as switches, wires, and a simple LED, are relatively
inexpensive, making it an affordable way to demonstrate logic gates.

4. Visual Representation: The LED or light bulb provides a clear visual representation of the logic
gate's output, making it easy to see the results of the logical OR operation.

5. Experimentation: You can easily modify and experiment with different configurations to create
more complex logic circuits, introducing individuals to logic gate combinations and their
applications.

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 10

OR Gate Using Switch

 Disadvantages :

1. Limited Complexity: While an OR gate using switches is a valuable learning tool, it's limited in
terms of the complexity of logic circuits you can create. Real-world applications often involve more
complex logic operations that may not be practical to demonstrate with switches alone.
2. Not Scalable: Building more complex circuits with switches can become unwieldy and challenging
to manage, especially when using multiple inputs or creating complex logic functions.
3. Inaccuracy: Switches can sometimes be prone to mechanical wear and tear, which may lead to
issues with the circuit's accuracy and reliability over time.
4. Safety Concerns: When working with switches and electricity, there's always a safety risk,
especially for inexperienced users. Care must be taken to ensure safe working conditions.
5. Lack of Noise Immunity: Real digital circuits often require noise immunity and signal
conditioning, which is not typically addressed when building simple circuits with switches

6.0 Resources Required :

S. No. Name of Resource Specifications Qty. Remarks

/Material
1 Switches Type: Toggle or Push-Button Used
1
2 Light Source Material: LED (Light Used
Emitting Diode) or 1
Incandescent Bulb
3 Wires Material: Copper or Used
Aluminum 1
4 Power Source Options: Batteries or Power Used
Supply 1
5 Battery Holder Material: Plastic or Metal 1 Used

6. Breadboard Material: Plastic with 1 Used

metal contact points

7. Resistors Material: Carbon film or Metal As Used

Film required

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 11

OR Gate Using Switch

7.0 Circuit diagram :

8.0 Skill Developed

• We learnt to use Switch.

• We learnt to use Gates and other components.
• We learnt study the circuit Diagram.
• Planning Skill
• Understood of Adventages of Team Work
• Understood the Basic Concepts of Digital Techinques

9.0 Applications of Micro-Project :

• Educational Purposes
• Basic Control Systems
• IQ Test
• Skill Development
• Proof of Concept

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 12

OR Gate Using Switch

Department Of Computer Engineering Page 13