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Lab3 HELE F

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17 views

Lab3 HELE F

Uploaded by

Omar Guliyev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION

BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Electrical Engineering (HELE)


Laboratory task: Lab 3
Guarantor
Miloslav Steinbauer

Authors
Miloslav Steinbauer, Petr Marcoň, Přemysl Dohnal
Electrical Engineering (HELE) – Lab 3 1

3 Impedance measurement using three V-meters


Aim
• To practice impedance measurement with three voltmeters.

Objectives
• Use the simplification method to calculate the theoretical value of impedance
consisting of the parallel combination R2C2 shown in Fig. 1.
• Measure impedance via the method of three voltmeters and compare it with the
theoretical value.

VR
I Measured impedance Z

R1
V VZ

C2 R2

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for experimental measurement.


Introduction
Impedance measurement often utilizes the method of three voltmeters. The reference resistor
R (of a known resistance) is connected in series with the element of the unknown impedance
value Z, Fig. 2. The measurements can also be performed with only one voltmeter applied to
measure all three voltages consecutively.

I
V2 VR R
~ V
V1
AC
source V3 VZ Z

Fig. 2. Method of three voltmeters.


The absolute value of the measured impedance is
VZ VZ  R V
Z= = because I = R . () (1)
I VR R
Laboratory task LC4: Impedance measurement using three V-meters

VR

180 −  I
 VZ

VZ V

Fig. 3. Phasor diagram for the circuit in Fig. 1.


When determining the impedance phase , we rely on the phasor diagram in Fig. 3. For the
gray marked triangle, we can use the cosine theorem to write
V 2 = VR2 + VZ2 − 2VRVZ cos (180 −  ) ; (V) (2)

generally, we have
cos (180 −  ) = − cos ( ) , (-) (3)

and thus we can express the phase of the measured impedance as


 V 2 − VR2 − VZ2 
 = arccos  . (-) (4)
 2VRVZ 

The formula actually comprises only the absolute value of the phase angle of this impedance
because the cosine function is even. For an unknown impedance, the sign of the phase (4)
could be determined by two measurements at two frequencies. If the size of the impedance
increases while the frequency grows (inductive reactance), then the phase must be positive; if
the size of the impedance decreases with the growing frequency (capacitive reactance), then
the phase must be negative. Usually, however, the character of the impedance is known
because this method is used to measure the equivalent circuit of a technical coil or condenser.

Working procedure
a) Use the simplification method to calculate the impedance Ztheor of the parallel
combination R2C2 (the circuit in Fig. 1) and write the obtained value in Tab. 2.
b) Connect the measuring panel according to Fig. 4.
c) Turn on the multimeters, select the AC voltage mode, and attach the power supply.
d) Measure and write in Tab. 11 the voltage of the source V; then measure the voltage
drops VR, VZ.
e) Disconnect the source and switch off the multimeters.
f) Using the above-shown formulas (1) and (4), calculate the impedance value Zmeas from
the measured values and write it in Tab. 2.
Electrical Engineering (HELE) – Lab 3 3

VR

R1
2200  C1 1 mF

V
V
VZ
V
C2 R2
1 mF 2200 

Fig. 4. Diagram for the experimental verification of the impedance measurement based on
the method of three V-meters. The parallel combination R2C2 is used here as the measured
impedance (in accordance with Fig. 1).

Tab. 1. The measured rms voltages


f = 50 Hz V VR VZ
[V] [V] [V]

Tab. 2. The impedance Z


f = 50 Hz Ztheor Zmeas
 °  (1) ° (4)

Equipment
• Source of low AC voltage
• 3× digital multimeter
• Panels with the resistors R1 = 2200 , R2 = 2200 , C1 = 1 mF, C2 = 1 mF

Conclusion
• Compare the measured and theoretical values of the impedance R2C2. If these values
differ, think about possible causes of such difference.

Question
1) If we increase the frequency from 50 to 60 Hz, how will this reflect in the magnitude
and phase of the impedance?

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