Scribd
Upload
12 views

Assignment 2

Uploaded by

davidbrenchley2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Assignment 2

Uploaded by

davidbrenchley2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

The University of Sydney

School of Mathematics and Statistics

Assignment 2: 15%
MATH3968/MATH4068: Differential Geometry Due: 11:59pm, 27th October
A copy of your assignment must be submitted via Turnitin by 11:59pm on Sunday,
27th October.

1. This question is structured so that if you get stuck on one particular part, you should
still be able to do later ones (possibly by assuming results from previous parts), so make
sure that you attempt all parts.
Throughout the question, Σ ⊂ R3 is a compact, connected, oriented surface which
satisfies the second axiom of countability, that is there exists some countable collection
U = {Ui }∞ i=1 of open subsets of Σ such that any open subset of Σ can be written as a
union of elements of some subfamily of U.
Recall the definition of critical value (do Carmo, p58). Let C ⊂ S 2 denote the set of
critical values of N . Define a function on S 2 − C by
f (q) = number of points p in Σ such that N (p) = q .
You may assume, without proof, the following facts:
• If dσS 2 is the infinitesimal area element for S 2 , then
Z
dσS 2 = 0 ,
C
so Z Z
dσS 2 = dσS 2 .
S 2 −C S2

• f is a locally constant, integer-valued function on S 2 − C (in particular for any


q ∈ S 2 − C, there are only finitely many p ∈ Σ such that N (p) = q).
(a) Give an example of a surface Σ (description / drawing is fine) in which there is a
point in C that is the image of infinitely many points of Σ under N (indicate where
these points are). 1 Mark
(b) Let V ⊂ S 2 −C be an open set on which f ≡ n, and suppose U1 , . . . , Un are disjoint
open sets in Σ − N −1 (C) mapping diffeomorphically to V under the Gauss map.
Show that
Xn Z Z Text
|K| dσΣ = f dσS 2 .
i=1 Ui V

3 Marks
(c) Show that Z Z
f dσS 2 = |K| dσ .
S 2 −C Σ
Hint: By the Inverse Function Theorem and the fact that f is locally finite, we can
cover Σ − N −1 (C) with open neighbourhoods Ui on which N : Ui → Vi ⊂ S 2 − C
is a local diffeomorphism and f is constant on Vi ; in fact we can do so with just
countably many open neighbourhoods Ui (second countable topology). The Vi
cover S 2 − C and have f |Vi constant. Set W1 = U1 , Wi = Ui \ ∪j<i (Wj ∩ Ui ) for
i ≥ 2. This countable collection of sets Wi may be helpful in this question part.
4 Marks

Copyright © 2024 The University of Sydney 1


(d) Show that the Gauss map of Σ is surjective; and furthermore that its restriction
to the points where K ≥ 0 is surjective. 5 Marks
(e) Conclude that Z Z
|K| dσ = K dσ ≥ 4π .
K>0 K>0

(K > 0 denotes the set of points on Σ on which K > 0.) 3 Marks


(f) Prove Z
|K| dσ ≥ 8π − 2πχ(Σ) .
Σ
2 Marks
(g) Show that H 2 − K is always nonnegative. 1 Mark
(h) Prove that Z
W (Σ) := H 2 dσ ≥ 4π.
Σ
2 Marks

You might also like