October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Fair trade: On the 29th COP and India’s carbon market

India must develop a transparent carbon trade policy

Ahead of the 29th edition of the Conference of Parties in Baku, Azerbaijan, next month, there is
renewed energy in government circles to accelerate Indian industry’s transition to carbon markets.
While the broader theme of this edition of the COP is increasing ambition on climate finance, a key
item on the agenda is clarity on carbon markets. A specific section under the Paris Climate Agreement
of 2015, called Article 6, lays the contours under which carbon markets — or the enabling of trading
of prevented greenhouse gas emissions among countries —can be operationalised. Carbon markets
incentivise climate action by enabling parties to trade in carbon credits generated by the reduction or
removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, such as by switching from fossil fuels to
renewable energy or enhancing or conserving carbon stocks in ecosystems such as forests.
Subsections within Article 6 provide guidelines on what kinds of carbon-reduction activities and
verification mechanisms are permissible, and how countries may enter into bilateral agreements so
that emission reductions in one country may be legally claimed by another.

While carbon markets came into existence nearly two decades ago, they have been plagued by
opacity and criticism that they only created the illusion of emission reductions. Although such
markets have revived, confusion remains about how credits may be verified. There is optimism that
Baku may see a final resolution of this problem and that the first legal credits may begin to be claimed
by countries next year. India, due to its voluntary commitment to generate half its electricity from
non-fossil energy sources by 2030, stands to gain as a host of several carbon-reduction projects.
Additionally, there are also mushrooming private sector enterprises in India setting up innovative
forestry projects that reportedly lock carbon and can be claimed as credits by multinational
companies, traded through so-called voluntary carbon markets. India’s iron and steel industries are
among the nine types of industries expected to meet emission intensity standards by 2025. By
restricting the amount of carbon per unit of production, this will, depending on regulatory
enforcement, formally kick-start India’s carbon market. However, this will invite complex calculations
and, given the experience of a related energy-efficiency trading scheme, run the risk of not exerting
enough pressure on companies to comply. While calculating carbon saved is a fraught exercise, India
must aim, through its research institutions and authorities, to evolve a transparent and fair policy that
is on a par with the best internationally. [Practice exercise]

 Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 1
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Vocabulary
1. Transparent (adjective) – Clear, obvious, one ton of carbon dioxide or the equivalent
candid, open, lucid of other greenhouse gases.

11. Switch (verb) – Change, shift, convert,

2. Accelerate (verb) – Speed up, hasten,
transition, alternate
expedite, quicken, advance

12. Renewable energy (noun) – energy derived

3. Transition (noun) – Change, shift,
from natural sources that are replenished at
conversion, transformation, progression
a higher rate than they are consumed.

13. Carbon stock (noun) – the amount of carbon

4. Ambition (noun) – Aspiration, goal, aim, that is stored in a habitat at a specific time. It
objective, desire can also refer to the physical storage of
carbon in wood products.
5. Lay the contour (phrase) – Define the
framework, outline the structure, set the 14. Ecosystem (noun) – Environment, habitat,
boundaries, establish the parameters, shape biome, ecological community, natural system
the framework

6. Enabling (noun) – Facilitating, allowing, 15. Subsection (noun) – Section, part, division,
permitting, empowering, authorizing segment, category

16. Mechanism (noun) – System, process,

7. Greenhouse gas emission (noun) – the method, procedure, framework

release of gases into the atmosphere that
17. Bilateral (adjective) – Two-sided, mutual,
contribute to the greenhouse effect and
reciprocal, joint, dual
global warming.

8. Operationalise (verb) – Implement, execute, 18. Come into existence (phrase) – Emerge,
activate, put into action, make operational arise, materialize, be formed, originate
आ

9. Incentivise (verb) – Encourage, motivate, 19. Decade (noun) – a period of ten years
stimulate, promote, spur
20. Plague (verb) – Burden, afflict, trouble,
10. Carbon credit (noun) – It permits that allow torment, distress
the owner to emit a certain amount of
carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases
(GHGs). One credit allows the emission of

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 2
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

21. Opacity (noun) – Obscurity, lack of 32. Reportedly (adverb) – Allegedly, supposedly,
transparency, murkiness, cloudiness, unclear purportedly, ostensibly, apparently
nature

22. Criticism (noun) – Disapproval, critique,

33. So-called (adjective) – Alleged, purported,
censure, condemnation, objection आ
supposed, nominal, labeled

23. Illusion (noun) – Deception, mirage, fantasy,

34. Meet (verb) – Satisfy, fulfill, achieve, comply
misconception, false impression
with, reach

24. Optimism (noun) – Hopefulness, positivity,

35. Enforcement (noun) – Implementation,
confidence, assurance, bullishness आ execution, application, administration,
policing
25. Resolution (noun) – Solution, answer, end,
upshot, 36. Kick-start (verb) – Initiate, launch, begin,
stimulate, jump-start
26. Voluntary (adjective) – Optional,
discretionary, unforced, intentional, free
37. Given (preposition) – Considering, in light of,
taking into account, due to, because of

27. Commitment (noun) – Dedication, pledge,

promise, obligation, assurance
38. Run the risk of (phrase) – Be exposed to, face
28. Stand to gain (phrase) – Have the potential the possibility of, be liable to, potentially
to benefit, likely to profit, positioned to encounter, risk
receive, set to earn, poised to gain
39. Exert (verb) – Apply, use, exercise, wield,
deploy

29. Host (noun) – Organizer, presenter, venue,

40. Comply (verb) – Adhere, conform, follow,
host country, facilitator आ
obey, abide by

30. Mushroom (verb) – Expand rapidly,

41. Fraught (adjective) – Tense, anxious, uptight,
proliferate, grow quickly, multiply, surge
troubled, apprehensive

42. On a par with (phrase) – Equal to,

31. Set up (phrasal verb) – Establish, create, comparable to, on the same level as,
initiate, launch, organize equivalent to, matching

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 3
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Summary of the Editorial

1. The 29th Conference of Parties (COP) will take place in Baku, Azerbaijan, with a focus on
climate finance and carbon markets.
2. India is eager to enhance its industry’s involvement in carbon markets, aligning with global
climate initiatives.
3. Article 6 of the Paris Climate Agreement provides guidelines for implementing carbon
markets globally.
4. Carbon markets allow countries to trade carbon credits for reducing or removing
greenhouse gas emissions.
5. Trading carbon credits incentivizes actions such as switching to renewable energy or
conserving forests.
6. Article 6 also defines permissible carbon-reduction activities and the criteria for
verification.
7. Carbon markets have been around for two decades but face criticism for being opaque and
ineffective in real emissions reductions.
8. COP 29 aims to address the challenge of verifying carbon credits to ensure their validity.
9. The goal is to enable countries to claim legal carbon credits by next year.
10. India’s target to generate half its electricity from non-fossil sources by 2030 positions it to
benefit from carbon markets.
11. Several private sector initiatives in India focus on forestry projects to generate carbon
credits.
12. India’s iron and steel sectors are expected to meet emissions standards by 2025, which
could support a national carbon market.
13. A regulatory framework that limits carbon emissions per unit of production may soon be
implemented.
14. Effective enforcement is necessary to ensure companies comply with carbon standards.
15. India needs a transparent and internationally comparable carbon trade policy, relying on
research to ensure fairness and effectiveness.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 4
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. Which specific goal does the 29th edition of the Conference of Parties (COP) in Baku aim to
address in relation to climate finance? [Editorial Page]
A. Increase public awareness about climate finance in developing nations.
B. Provide clarity on carbon markets and trading of carbon credits.
C. Establish a universal standard for greenhouse gas emissions.
D. Set stricter penalties for countries not meeting emission standards.
2. Why does India stand to benefit from the establishment of carbon markets?
A. India has a high reliance on fossil fuels, allowing it to trade emissions.
B. India's commitment to renewable energy by 2030 aligns with carbon market goals.
C. India’s industries lack emission intensity standards, making it eligible for credits.
D. India has the largest number of carbon-reduction projects globally.
3. What concern is associated with the implementation of carbon markets according to the
passage?
A. The calculation of carbon savings is complex and may not be fully accurate.
B. Regulatory agencies lack the power to enforce standards effectively.
C. Carbon markets increase the overall cost of energy for developing countries.
D. Countries are not willing to enter bilateral agreements for emissions trading.
4. Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the current state of carbon markets
globally?
A. Carbon markets are fully operational but lack regulatory oversight.
B. Carbon markets only benefit developing countries with high emissions.
C. Carbon markets have faced challenges in credibility and transparency.
D. Carbon markets have successfully reduced global emissions over the years.
5. What can be inferred about India's approach to carbon markets based on its commitment to
renewable energy and emission standards?
A. India is actively investing in carbon markets as a primary revenue source.
B. India seeks to limit industrial activity to meet carbon emission goals.
C. India plans to negotiate with other countries to transfer emissions credits.
D. India aims to establish itself as a key player by aligning with global carbon reduction
standards.
6. Select the most appropriate option that means the same as the underlined group of words
to fill in the blank.
Most of the rivers dry up during the summer season, but the Ganga is full of water round the
year because it is __________.
A. perennial
B. biannual
C. annual
D. Biennial

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 5
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

7. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined word in the given
sentence.
Bankrupts are those who are incapable to pay their debts.
A. powerful
B. meagre
C. capable
D. incompetent
8. Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
Rohan exercised and ate a lot, lest he should not be weak
A. lest he would be weak
B. lest he should be weak
C. lest he should not weak
D. lest he would not be weak
9. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in passive voice.
Can you compose an inspiring poem?
A. Can an inspiring poem be composed?
B. Can an inspiring poem by you composed?
C. Can an inspiring poem be composed by you?
D. An inspiring poem can be composed by you.
10. Select the most appropriate meaning of the given group of words.
On cloud nine
A. Flying in the sky
B. Being angry with someone
C. Being very high
D. Being very delighted
11. Parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order. Select the option that arranges the
parts in the correct sequence to form a meaningful sentence.
(P) dreams provide an escape
(Q) where reality is suspended
(R) into a world
(O) of endless possibilities
A. PROQ
B. QORP
C. OPQR
D. RPOQ
12. Parts of a sentence are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the parts in the correct order
to form a meaningful sentence.
A. So I am not very sure
B. I have a driving license
C. Of myself reaching home safely

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 6
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

D. But no real driving experience

A. BDAC
B. CABD
C. BDCA
D. BCAD
13. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Kilter
A. Anarchy
B. Shambles
C. Disrepair
D. Order
14. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Condone
A. Solicitude
B. Solace
C. Penalty
D. Pardon
15. The given sentence is divided into four segments. Select the option that has the segment
with a grammatical error.
We were on the way/ to the party;/ suddenly, there/ will a heavy downpour.
A. will a heavy downpour.
B. suddenly, there
C. We were on the way
D. to the party
16. Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word.
Tendency
A. Decoy
B. Aversion
C. Proneness
D. Distaste
17. Select the option that can substitute/replace the bracketed word correctly and complete the
sentence.
He (seek) for the wallet in his pocket.
A. Are seeking
B. Had seeking
C. Seeking
D. Sought
18. Select the correct spelling to fill in the blank.
When numerous ideas are presented in a historical context, more than mere ______ can be
seen
A. paralelism

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 7
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

B. parollelism
C. paralialism
D. parallelism
19. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the given word.
Dogmatic
A. Diplomatic
B. Conservative
C. Liberal
D. Concerned
20. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM for the underlined word in the given sentence.
Despite his annoyance, Rahul knew that rushing the delicate process would only lead to
mistakes
A. Gnawer
B. Serenity
C. Susceptibility
D. Absurdity
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and
select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
This Diwali is more significant because we are going to celebrate it after three years, without
the evil shadow of Covid-19 that (1)________ looming over all festivities. The lockdowns and
endless bad news of death and (2)________ had turned our country into a zone of gloom.
But, this season of Diwali (3)________ all the sorrows of people by lighting the candle of hope
in their lives. We can see the lights, the candles, the lanterns, and the busy people coming out
of their houses and purchasing toys for their children. Let’s (4)________ those people who
have made such a huge contribution to (5)________ good thoughts and saving people's lives.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2.
A. demonetisation
B. disease
C. economic boom
D. new birth
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. has hovered
B. had recognised
C. has adopted
D. has shed

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 8
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

A. onerous
B. berate
C. salute
D. terminate
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5.
A. stagnating
B. spreading
C. implicating
D. impeding

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 9
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Answers
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D 11.A 12.A
13. D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C
25. B [Practice Exercise]
Explanation
1. B) The passage indicates that a key agenda for the COP meeting in Baku is clarity on carbon
markets. This involves setting guidelines for carbon credits and defining the operational
structure for trading these credits among countries. While other options mention relevant
climate goals, they are not specifically highlighted as the focus of the Baku COP meeting.
2. B) The passage highlights India's voluntary commitment to generate half of its electricity from
non-fossil sources by 2030, making it a potential host for various carbon-reduction projects.
This alignment with the goals of the carbon market presents a unique opportunity for India to
earn credits. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not match the details provided in the
passage.
3. A) The passage points out that calculating carbon saved is challenging, requiring India to create
a transparent policy for accurate results. This complexity and the potential inaccuracies in
calculating emissions reductions are a noted concern, especially given past issues with energy-
efficiency trading schemes. The other options either misrepresent or are not explicitly stated
in the passage.
4. C) The passage mentions that carbon markets have been "plagued by opacity and criticism,"
indicating issues with transparency and credibility. This suggests that while carbon markets are
operational, they face challenges in proving their effectiveness. The other options either
misrepresent the situation or are not supported by details in the passage.
5. D) The passage notes India's goal of generating half its electricity from non-fossil sources and
setting emission intensity standards for its industries by 2025, which aligns with international
carbon reduction efforts. This implies that India is positioning itself strategically within the
global carbon market, aiming to capitalize on its alignment with these standards. Options A, C,
and D either misinterpret India’s objectives or lack support from the passage.
6. A) Perennial (adjective) – lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or
continually recurring. साल भर रहने वाला
 Biannual (adjective) – occurring twice a year. वषष में दो बार होने वाला
 Annual (adjective) – occurring once every year. वार्षषक
 Biennial (adjective) – occurring every two years. दो साल में एक बार होने वाला
7. D) "incompetent" का use सही होगा क्योंकक 'incapable' का अर्थ होता है 'असमर्थ' या 'ककसी
कायथ को करने में सऺम नहीीं।' 'Incompetent' का अर्थ भी 'ककसी कायथ को करने में अयोग्य'
होता है , और यह वाक्य में 'incapable' के synonym के रूप में उपयुक्त है ।

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 10
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

"incompetent" is the correct choice because 'incapable' means 'unable' or 'not capable of
doing something.' 'Incompetent' similarly means 'not qualified or unable to perform a task,'
making it an appropriate synonym in this context.
Incapable (adjective) – Unable to do something, lacking the ability or capacity to perform.
अक्षम
Incompetent (adjective) – Lacking the skills or ability to do something successfully; ineffective.
अक्षम
 Powerful (adjective) – Having great power, strength, or control. शक्तिशाली
 Meagre (adjective) – Lacking in quantity or quality; insufficient. अपयाषप्त
 Capable (adjective) – Having the ability, fitness, or quality to do something. सक्षम
8. B) 'lest he should not be weak' के बदले 'lest he should be weak' का use होगा क्योंकक 'lest' के साथ
negative sense पहले से implied होता है, इसक्तलए 'not' का प्रयोग गलत है। सही structure 'lest +
subject + should + verb' है; जैस—
े Rohan exercised and ate a lot, lest he should be weak.
'lest he should be weak' will be used instead of 'lest he should not be weak' because the word
'lest' already implies a negative sense, so using 'not' makes it incorrect. The correct structure is
lest + subject + should + verb; Like— Rohan exercised and ate a lot, lest he should be weak.
9. C) Can an inspiring poem be composed by you?
Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदऱने के लऱए (Modal Verb + Object + Be + Past Participle +
by + Subject) का use ककया जाता है । sentence ‘Can you compose an inspiring poem?’ को
Passive Voice में बदऱते समय Object ‘an inspiring poem’ को वाक्य की शरु
ु आत में रखा जाता
है । Modal Verb ‘Can’ को वैसा ही रखा जाता है , और Verb ‘compose’ को Passive Voice में
बदऱकर ‘be composed’ ककया जाता है । अींत में , Subject ‘you’ को ‘by you’ के रूप में जोडा जाता
है ।
To convert Active Voice into Passive Voice with a modal verb, the structure (Modal Verb +
Object + Be + Past Participle + by + Subject) is used. In the sentence ‘Can you compose an
inspiring poem?’, the object ‘an inspiring poem’ is placed at the beginning. The modal verb
‘Can’ remains the same, and the verb ‘compose’ is changed to ‘be composed’ in Passive Voice.
The subject ‘you’ is added at the end as ‘by you’. Therefore, the correct answer is (Can an
inspiring poem be composed by you?).
10. D) On cloud nine (idiom) – Being very delighted (बहुत खुश होना)
11. A) PROQ
dreams provide an escape dreams provide an escape of endless possibilities where reality is
suspended
Why P comes first: P introduces the main subject and verb, establishing the idea that dreams
offer a form of escape.
Why R follows P: R adds to P by describing where the escape leads — into a world. It connects
directly to P by specifying that the escape provided by dreams leads into another world.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 11
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Why O follows R: O completes the idea introduced by R by describing this world as one "of
endless possibilities."
Why Q follows O: Q provides additional information about the nature of this world by
explaining that "reality is suspended."
12. A) BDAC
I have a driving license But no real driving experience So I am not very sure Of myself reaching
home safely
Why B comes first: B introduces the main subject (I) and a fact about the subject’s
qualifications — possessing a driving license.
Why D follows B: D contrasts B by mentioning that despite having a license, the person lacks
real driving experience. The use of "but" establishes a contrast with the previous statement.
Why A follows D: A expresses the consequence of the lack of experience mentioned in D —
uncertainty. The use of "so" here implies a resulting feeling due to the contrast in D.
Why C follows A: C completes the thought introduced in A by specifying what the person is
uncertain about — reaching home safely. This provides the full context of the speaker's
uncertainty.
13. D) Kilter (noun) – Proper condition, balance, harmony, state of being in order.
Synonym: Order (noun) – An arrangement or condition where everything is functioning
properly, system, organization. व्यवस्था
 Anarchy (noun) – Absence of government or control, disorder, chaos. अराजकता
 Shambles (noun) – A state of total disorder, chaos, mess. अराजकता
 Disrepair (noun) – A state of being in poor condition or needing repairs, deterioration.
खराब क्तस्थक्तत
14. D) Condone (verb) – To accept or allow behavior that is morally wrong or offensive, to forgive
or overlook an offense. माफ करना, अनदेखी करना
Synonym: Pardon (verb) – To forgive someone for an offense or wrongdoing, to excuse. माफी
देना
 Solicitude (noun) – Care or concern for someone or something. चिंता
 Solace (noun) – Comfort or consolation in a time of distress. साांत्वना
 Penalty (noun) – A punishment imposed for breaking a law or rule. दांड
15. A) ‘will a heavy downpour' के बदले 'was a heavy downpour' का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक मुख्य वाक्य में
'We were' का प्रयोग Past Tense में ककया गया है। इसक्तलए, अिंानक हुई बाररश को दशाषने के क्तलए Past
Tense का प्रयोग होना िंाक्तहए; जैसे— "Suddenly, there was a heavy downpour."
'was a heavy downpour' will be used instead of 'will a heavy downpour' because the main
sentence uses 'We were' in Past Tense. Hence, to indicate the sudden rain, the verb should
also be in the Past Tense; like— "Suddenly, there was a heavy downpour."
16. C) Tendency (noun) – An inclination towards a particular type of behavior or action. प्रवृक्ति

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 12
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Synonym: Proneness (noun) – The state of being likely to behave in a certain way, inclination,
predisposition. प्रवृक्ति
 Decoy (noun) – A person or thing used to mislead or lure someone into a trap. प्रलोभन
 Aversion (noun) – A strong dislike or unwillingness towards something. अरुक्तिं
 Distaste (noun) – A feeling of dislike or disapproval. नापसांदगी
17. D) ‘seek’ के बदले Sought ‘का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक यह sentence Past Tense में है और ‘sought’ verb
'seek' का Past Tense रूप है। वाक्य में "He (seek) for the wallet in his pocket" का सांदभष एक ऐसी
क्तस्थक्तत का है जो पहले हो िंुकी है। यह वाक्य पहले से पूर्ष हो िंुकी किया का सांदभष दे रहा है,
‘Sought’ will be used instead of ‘seek’ because the sentence is in Past Tense, and ‘sought’ is
the Past Tense form of the verb ‘seek.’ The sentence refers to an action that has already been
completed, so the correct form is ‘sought.’
18. D) The correct spelling is ‘Parallelism’ (Option D), which means "the use of successive verbal
constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter,
meaning, etc." In Hindi, it translates to "समाांतरता या समानता।"
19. C) Liberal (adjective) – Open to new behavior or opinions, willing to discard traditional values.
उदार
Antonym: Dogmatic (adjective) – Inclined to lay down principles as undeniably true, stubborn,
inflexible, rigid. कट्टर
 Diplomatic (adjective) – Skilled in managing negotiations or people without causing
bad feelings, tactful, sensitive. कू टनीक्ततक
 Conservative (adjective) – Holding to traditional attitudes and values, cautious about
change. रूक़िवादी
 Concerned (adjective) – Worried, anxious, troubled. चिंक्ततत
20. B) Annoyance (noun) – A feeling of irritation or displeasure, being bothered by something.
नाराज़गी, झुांझलाहट।
Antonym: Serenity (noun) – The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled. शाांत, शाांक्तत।
 Gnawer (noun) – A type of animal that chews or gnaws, such as a rodent. िंबाने वाला।
 Susceptibility (noun) – The state of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a
particular thing, vulnerability. सांवेदनशीलता।
 Absurdity (noun) – The state or quality of being ridiculous or wildly unreasonable.
मूखषता।
21. A) 'was' का use होगा क्योंकक "was" का अथष है कक कोई घटना या क्तस्थक्तत अतीत में हो रही थी। Covid-19
की छाया, जो बीते समय में Diwali को प्रभाक्तवत कर रही थी, को एक past event के रूप में बताया गया है,
इसक्तलए 'was' सही है। जबकक 'is' वतषमान काल को दशाषता है, 'were' plural subjects के क्तलए है, और 'are'
भी वतषमान tense को कदखाता है, जो इस context में सही नहीं हैं।

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 13
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

'was' will be used because it indicates that an event or situation was happening in the past.
The sentence refers to Covid-19's shadow as a past event affecting Diwali celebrations, making
'was' appropriate. Whereas, 'is' refers to the present tense, 'were' is used with plural subjects,
and 'are' also indicates the present tense, which are not suitable in this context.
22. B) Disease" का use होगा क्योंकक "disease" का अथष है बीमारी या रोग। यहााँ sentence में "death" (मृत्यु)
और ककसी समस्या का क्तजि है, जो "disease" से सांबांक्तधत है। Covid-19 महामारी ने जीवन में मौत और
बीमारी लाई थी, इसक्तलए 'disease' का उपयोग सही है। 'Demonetisation' का अथष है नोटबांदी, जो इस
context में कफट नहीं बैठता। 'Economic boom' का अथष है आर्षथक उछाल, जो यहााँ ठीक नहीं है क्योंकक यहााँ
क्तनराशा का वर्षन हो रहा है। 'New birth' का अथष है नया जन्म, जो इस वाक्य में मृत्यु और परे शानी की िंिंाष
के साथ मेल नहीं खाता।
'Disease' will be used because it refers to illness or sickness. In the sentence, "death" and a
problematic situation are mentioned, which is linked to "disease." The Covid-19 pandemic
brought death and disease into life, so 'disease' is the correct fit. 'Demonetisation' refers to the
banning of currency, which does not fit here. 'Economic boom' means a rise in economic
growth, which is unsuitable because the passage describes gloom. 'New birth' refers to new
life, which does not match with the talk of death and suffering.
23. D) ‘Has shed' का use होगा क्योंकक "shed" का अथष है ककसी िंीज़ को छोड़ना या छु टकारा पाना। इस
sentence में यह बताया जा रहा है कक इस कदवाली ने लोगों के दुखों को दूर कर कदया है, इसक्तलए 'has shed'
सही क्तवकल्प है। जबकक 'has hovered' का अथष होता है मांडराना, जो यहााँ सही नहीं है क्योंकक यहााँ दुखों का
छु टकारा पाने की बात हो रही है। 'Had recognised' का अथष होता है पहिंानना, जो इस context में सही
नहीं है। 'Has adopted' का अथष होता है अपनाना, जो यहाां fit नहीं बैठता।
'Has shed' will be used because "shed" means to let go of or get rid of something. The
sentence mentions that this Diwali has removed the sorrows of people, making 'has shed' the
right option. Whereas 'has hovered' means to linger, which is incorrect here as the context is
about getting rid of sorrows. 'Had recognised' means to identify, and 'has adopted' means to
take on, both of which do not fit in this context.
24. C) Salute का use होगा क्योंकक "salute" का अथष होता है सम्मान देना या प्रशांसा करना। यहााँ passage में
बात की जा रही है उन लोगों की क्तजन्होंने लोगों की क्तज़न्दगी बिंाने और अच्छे क्तविंारों को फै लाने में योगदान
कदया है, इसक्तलए उन्हें सम्मान देने के क्तलए "salute" सही है। Onerous का अथष है करठन या बोक्तझल, जो इस
context में उपयुि नहीं है। Berate का अथष है कड़ी आलोिंना करना, जो यहााँ सही नहीं होगा क्योंकक
आलोिंना के बारे में नहीं कहा गया है। Terminate का अथष है समाप्त करना, जो कक यहााँ उन लोगों के
योगदान को सम्माक्तनत करने के सन्दभष में कफट नहीं बैठता।
Salute is the correct choice because it means to honor or show respect. In this passage, it talks
about honoring people who have contributed to saving lives and spreading good thoughts, so
"salute" is appropriate. Onerous means burdensome, which doesn't fit in this context.
Berate means to criticize harshly, which isn't suitable as the passage isn't about criticism.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 14
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Terminate means to end, which doesn't align with the idea of honoring someone's
ontributions.
25. B) 'Spreading' का use correct होगा क्योंकक 'spreading' का अथष होता है फै लाना या प्रिंार करना। यहााँ
sentence में बात की जा रही है उन लोगों की क्तजन्होंने अच्छे क्तविंार फै लाने और लोगों की चज़दक्तगयााँ बिंाने
में महत्वपूर्ष योगदान कदया है। इसक्तलए 'spreading' सही क्तवकल्प है। जबकक 'stagnating' का अथष है ठहरना,
'implicating' का अथष है फां साना, और 'impeding' का अथष है बाधा डालना, जो इस सांदभष में कफट नहीं होते।

 Spreading' will be used because it means to propagate or disseminate. In this sentence, it

refers to those people who have made a significant contribution to spreading good
thoughts and saving people's lives, making 'spreading' the most appropriate choice.
Whereas 'stagnating' means to become stagnant or remain still, 'implicating' means to
involve in a crime, and 'impeding' means to obstruct, which don't fit in this context.

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 15
 October 28, 2024 JOIN TELEGRAM CHANNEL: ENGLISH MADHYAM

Join us on Telegram channel: English Madhyam, Email Id: [email protected]

Website: www.englishmadhyam.info, Phone number: 7722987077 Page 16