LESSON 1

Vocabulary and Listening

Word Transcription Meaning

1 appropriate /əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/
2 casual /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/
3 classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/
4 elegant /ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/
5 formal /ˈfɔːr.məl/
6 funky /ˈfʌŋ.ki/
7 informal /ɪnˈfɔːr.məl/
8 long-sleeved /ˈlɒŋˌsliːvd/
9 loud /laʊd/
10 low-cut /ˈləʊˌkʌt/
11 modest /ˈmɒd.ɪst/
12 plaid /plæd/
13 print /prɪnt/
14 short-sleeved /ˈʃɔːrtˌsliːvd/
15 solid /ˈsɒl.ɪd/
16 striped /straɪpt/
17 stylish /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/
18 subdued /səˈdjuːd/

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19 trendy /ˈtren.di/
A. Listen to the conversations about fashion and style. Choose the adjective that
best summarizes each speaker s point of view.
1. They think the purses in the magazine are ______.
a. inattractive b. trendy c. flashy
2. He thinks the jacket Carl is wearing is ______.
a. funky b. subdued c. loud
3. They think the girl s hair is ______.
a. elegant b. in bad taste c. classic
4. The salesperson is suggesting that the dress is ______.
a. elegant b. funky c. trendy
5. She thinks the blouse her friend is holding isn’t ______.
a. in bad taste b. stylish c. appropriate

Word Transcription Meaning

1 blazer /ˈbleɪ.zər/
2 cardigan /ˈkɑː.dɪ.ɡən/
3 cocktail dress /ˈkɒk.teɪl ˌdrɛs/
4 crewneck /ˈkruːˌnɛk/
5 dress shirt /drɛs ʃɜrt/
6 evening gown /ˈiː.vnɪŋ ɡaʊn/
7 jeans /ʤiːnz/
8 polo shirt /ˈpoʊ.loʊ ʃɜrt/
9 sweater /ˈswɛt.ər/
10 T-shirt /ˈtiːˌʃɜrt/
11 turtleneck /ˈtɜːr.təlˌnɛk/
12 tuxedo /ˈtʌk.si.doʊ/

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13 V-neck /ˈviːˌnɛk/

B. Listen and choose the correct picture.

LESSON 2

Grammar

A. Circle the correct quantifier. Explain your answer.

1. (Most/Much) men and women today like having a wide choice of clothes to wear.
2. (A number of /A great deal of) stores in this mall sell trendy clothes.
3. (All/Every) guest at the dinner wore formal clothing.
4. A more liberal dress code has resulted in (less/fewer) choices in formal clothing.
5. Seventy-five years ago, there were (a little/a few) stores that sold women's pants.

B. Circle all the correct quantifiers to complete the sentence.

1. If people go to ______ formal events, they need appropriate clothes.

a. a lot of b. several c. a number of d. many

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 2. ______ children don t think much about what clothes to wear.

a. A great deal of b. Most c. Every d. Much

3. Since the invitation doesn't specify the level of formality, it's clear that ______
person needs to decide on his or her own what to wear.

a. some b. each c. every d. most

4. There are ______ tailors who can make anything you buy look great on you.

a. a number of b. a few c. plenty of d. a little

5. I was surprised to read that ______ women didn’t wear pants 50 years ago.

a. a lot of b. some c. every d. less

LESSON 3

Reading

In this wide world, there's always someone ready to shell out money for a
treatment that promises results.

Is it safe to let Garra rufa fish, or “doctor fish,” exfoliate your feet in a fish spa
pedicure, eating away quantities of dead skin and leaving your feet looking sandal-ready?
Although fish pedicures are popular in many parts of the world, the governments of a
number of U.S. states and at least two Canadian provinces have placed a ban on the
practice, making it illegal to provide this service. Although some experts say there is not
much of a serious risk to health, and although no actual illnesses have been caused by this
procedure, most bans are based on one or more of the following reasons.

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 Since the fish remain in the pedicure tubs, it's impossible to clean them between
clients. Bacteria and other pathogens can build up in the water, and if a client has a cut or
break in the skin, these organisms can enter and cause infection. In fact, New York
dermatologist Dr. Ryan Pastard says, “Today there are so many antibiotic-resistant
bacteria that I advise my patients to walk the other way when they see a salon or spa
offering these pedicures. Better safe than sorry!”

Fish pedicures? Yuck and double yuck! Just get a nice clean pedicure
from a licensed cosmetician. If the hygiene argument doesn’t convince
you, just think how terrible the experience is for the poor little fishies!

Minnie Edwards, biology teacher

The fish themselves cannot be disinfected or sanitized to prevent them from

spreading bacteria. Due to the cost of the fish, salon owners are likely to use the same
fish multiple times with different clients, which increases the risk of spreading infection.

Chinchin, a species often mislabeled as Garra rufa and used in pedicures, grows
teeth and can break the skin, further increasing the risk. Garra rufa, on the other hand, are
toothless.

According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Garra rufa could pose a threat to
native plant and animal life if released into the wild in places where it isn’t native. Non-
native species can reproduce without limit because there may be few natural predators to
kill them and control their numbers.

And in addition to the harm these pedicures can do to the environment and human
health, the fish at a salon or spa must be contained in an aquarium with no natural food

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source and depend on human skin to survive. In order to get the fish to eat the skin on a
client’s feet, they must be starved, and this could be considered animal cruelty, which is
illegal in many places.

The preponderance of evidence leads one to believe that fish pedicures are
doubtful at best and dangerous at worst. And public opinion seems to be building against
them, with city after city making them illegal.

A. Complete the statements with highlighted words in the passage.

1. When someone uses something to _______ your feet, he or she removes dead
skin.
2. Another way to say that a government doesn't permit something is to say it
_______ it.
3. _______ are pathogenic organisms that can grow in water.
4. When you _______ something, you cleaned it to remove harmful organisms.
5. When you _______ something, it meant that you give it the wrong name.
6. A _______ is an animal that kills and eats other animals.

B. Choose the correct answer and support it with information in the reading
passage.

1. Where can you get a fish pedicure?

a. In many countries around the world.

b. In all the U.S. states and Canadian provinces.

2. What is one reason that fish pedicures aren't permitted in some places?
a. They have caused serious illnesses.
b. They can cause infection.
3. Where can bacteria enter a client's skin?

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 a. In the fish’s mouth.
b. In a cut in the client’s skin.
4. What makes Chinchin more dangerous than Garra rufa?
a. They can reproduce in the wild.
b. They have teeth that can break the client’s skin, which can cause
infection.
5. What would salon owners have to do to keep the water free of pathogens?
a. They would have to wash the tank and change the fish after each
pedicure.
b. They would have to clean each client's feet.
6. Why do some people consider the treatment of pedicure fish cruel?
a. Because in order to get them to eat skin, they have to be starved.
b. Because keeping them in aquariums is unsanitary and can cause distress.

LESSON 4

Wrting

Young people are now spending more and more time and money following fashion
trends.

What is your opinion? Is this a positive or negative development?

Write at least 200 words.

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