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Antenna Project Report Mrudul

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20 views13 pages

Antenna Project Report Mrudul

Uploaded by

Nishita Karda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHRI G.S.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, INDORE

Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Session : July-December 2024

EC35009 : Antenna and Wave Propagation

Project Report on

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Submitted By: Submitted To:


Mrudul Mehta 0801EC221057 Dr. S.K. Jain
Kriti Mandliya 0801EC221050 Mr. Mohit Khamele
Mehul Rathod 0801EC221055 Dept. of E&TC Engg.
Kaustubh Piplode 0801EC221047 Shri G.S. Institute of Technology
Aniket Dekate 0801EC221013 and Science, Indore
Acknowledgement

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. S.K. Jain and Mr. Mohit
Khamele for providing us the opportunity and guidance to work on this project.
It has been an invaluable learning experience that has contributed immensely to
our professional development.

Mrudul Mehta
Kriti Mandliya
Mehul Rathod
Kaustubh Piplode
Aniket Dekate
Index

S. No. Title Page No.


1. Introduction 3
1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna
1.2 Types
1.3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
2. Design and Simulation 5
2.1. Structure And Working
2.2. Simulation and Results
3 Key Design Parameters 8
4. Advantages 9
5. Applications 9
6. References 10
Design, Simulation and Development of Rectangular Microstrip
Patch Antenna

1. Introduction

1.1 Microstrip Patch Antenna

A Microstrip Patch Antenna is a type of antenna that consists of a metallic


patch placed on a dielectric substrate, with a ground plane on the other side.
These antennas are widely used in various wireless communication systems due
to their low profile, ease of fabrication, and ability to be integrated with circuits.
They are commonly employed in applications such as satellite communication,
mobile communication, GPS systems, radar, and RFID systems.

The metallic patch on the antenna can take various shapes, such as rectangular,
circular, triangular, or other configurations. The shape of the patch significantly
influences the performance and characteristics of the antenna. The choice of
shape depends on the desired application, size constraints, and bandwidth
requirements.

1.2 Types Of Microstrip Patch Antenna

1.2.1 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna:


 The most widely used type due to its simplicity in design and analysis.
 The patch is rectangular in shape and operates primarily as a resonant cavity.
1.2.2 Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna:
 The patch is circular in shape and provides a wider bandwidth compared to
rectangular patches.
 It is often used in applications requiring circular polarization.
1.2.3 Triangular and Elliptical Patch Antennas:
 These designs are used when specific radiation patterns are required or when
space limitations are a concern.
1.2.4 Ring and Annular Patch Antennas:
 These antennas are ring-shaped, providing better bandwidth and radiation
characteristics.

1.2.5 Multiband and Dual-band Patch Antennas:

 These are designed to operate at multiple frequencies, useful for devices


needing to work across different bands (e.g., in mobile phones and
communication devices).

1. Rectangular Patch Antenna 2. Triangular Patch Antenna 3. Circular Patch Antenna

1.3 Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Among the various types of microstrip patch antennas, the Rectangular


Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) is the most widely used due to its simple
geometry and ease of implementation. The rectangular patch operates as a
resonator, meaning its dimensions (length and width) determine the resonant
frequency at which it radiates efficiently.

The antenna works by exciting the patch with an electromagnetic wave. The
patch, acting as a resonator, emits energy into space when excited at its resonant
frequency. The length and width of the patch are typically set to be around half
the wavelength (λ/2) of the resonant frequency in the dielectric material.

2. Design and Simulation


Primary Antenna designed and tested was a standard Rectangular patch
antenna simulated on FR-4 dielectric.

2.1 Structure And Working


2.1.1 Radiating Patch: A rectangular metallic patch, typically made of copper
or gold, that radiates electromagnetic energy.
2.1.2 Dielectric Substrate: A non-conductive material (such as FR-4, Rogers,
or Duroid) placed between the patch and the ground plane. The dielectric
constant (εr) of the substrate plays a crucial role in determining the antenna’s
performance.
2.1.3 Ground Plane: A conductive layer that provides a ground reference for
the radiating patch.

2.2 Simulation and Results

Fig. Design of Antenna in CST Studio

S Parameters

The baseline antenna performance was evaluated, providing a reference for


future comparisons. The S-parameter results indicated typical return loss and
bandwidth characteristics.

S11:
Frequency = 2.408 GHz
Bandwidth in S11:

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)

Power Radiated

Power Stimulated
3. Key Design Parameters
 Patch Dimensions: The length (L) and width (W) of the rectangular patch
affect the resonant frequency and radiation pattern. The width is usually
chosen to enhance the radiation efficiency, while the length controls the
resonant frequency.

 Substrate Thickness: Thicker substrates can increase the bandwidth, but


they may also lead to higher losses and reduced efficiency.

 Dielectric Constant (εr): A lower dielectric constant leads to higher


efficiency and larger bandwidth, while a higher dielectric constant results
in a more compact antenna size but with reduced efficiency.
 Feeding Techniques: Common feeding methods include coaxial probe
feeding, microstrip line feeding, and aperture coupling. These methods
influence the input impedance and ease of fabrication.
4. Advantages
 Low Profile and Compact Design: Ideal for applications where space is
limited, such as mobile devices and wearable technologies.

 Ease of Fabrication: Can be easily fabricated using printed circuit board


(PCB) technology.

 Cost-Effective: Due to simple geometry and easy manufacturing


processes.

 Planar Structure: Makes it suitable for conformal designs and integration


with other microwave circuits.
5. Applications
 Mobile Communication Systems: For base stations and handheld
devices.

 Satellite Communication: Due to its compact size and ability to


operate in high-frequency bands.

 Radar Systems: Particularly in automotive and military applications.

 Global Positioning Systems (GPS): Where lightweight, compact


antennas are required.
1. References

1. C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design ”, John Wiley and


Sons Inc., New York 1997.
2. Sajin J. S., Rao P. H., “Analysis of Phase Delay Characteristics of Left
Handed Transmission Line for Different CSRR Geometries”, 2013 IEEE
Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC)
3. “Equivalent-Circuit Models for Split-Ring Resonators and
Complementary Split-Ring Resonators Coupled to Planar Transmission
Lines”, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.
53, no. 4, April 2005
4. Mehrab Ramzan, Kagan Topalli, “A Miniaturized Patch Antenna by
Using a CSRR Loading Plane”, International Journal of Antennas and
Propagation, Volume 2015

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