King Salman International

University (KSIU)
Faculty of Engineering- Tur
Branch: Electric Engineering
Program: Energy Program
Course: Power Electronics & Motor
Drives (ELE381)
Instructor: Assoc. Professor/ R.
A. Mahmoud

Sheet No. 1
Q1. The applied input a.c. power to a half-wave rectifier is 100 watts. The d.c. output
power obtained is 40 watts.
(i) What is the rectification efficiency?, and
(ii) What happens to remaining 60 watts?
Solution:
(i)

(ii) 40% efficiency of rectification does not mean that 60% of power is lost in the
rectifier circuit. In fact, a crystal diode consumes little power due to its small internal
resistance. The 100 W a.c. power is contained as 50 watts in positive half-cycles and
50 watts in negative half-cycles. The 50 watts in the negative half-cycles are not
supplied at all. Only 50 watts in the positive half-cycles are converted into 40 watts.

Although 100 watts of a.c. power was supplied, the half-wave rectifier accepted only
50 watts and converted it into 40 watts d.c. power. Therefore, it is appropriate to say
that efficiency of rectification is 40% and not 80% which is power efficiency.

Q2. An a.c. supply of 230 V is applied to a half-wave rectifier circuit through

a transformer of turn ratio 10:1. Find
(i) the output d.c. voltage, and
(ii) the peak inverse voltage. Assume the diode to be ideal.
 Fig. 1

Solution:
(i) Primary to secondary turns is

Max. Secondary voltage is

(ii) During the negative half-cycle of a.c. supply, the diode is reverse biased and
hence conducts no current. Therefore, the maximum secondary voltage appears
across the diode.
Q3. A crystal diode having internal resistance rf = 20Ω is used for half-wave
rectification. If the applied voltage v = 50 sin ω t and load resistance RL= 800 Ω, find:
(i) Im, Idc, Irms,
(ii) a.c. power input and d.c. power output,
(iii) d.c. output voltage, and
(iv) efficiency of rectification.
Solution:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

Q4. A half-wave rectifier is used to supply 50V d.c. to a resistive load of 800 Ω.
The diode has a resistance of 25 Ω. Calculate a.c. voltage required.
\Solution:

Q5. A full-wave rectifier uses two diodes, the internal resistance of each diode may be
assumed constant at 20 Ω. The transformer r.m.s. secondary voltage from center-tap
to each end of secondary is 50 V and load resistance is 980 Ω. Find:
(i) the mean load current, and
(ii) the r.m.s. value of load current.
Solution:

(i)

(ii)
Q6. In the center-tap circuit shown in Fig. 2, the diodes are assumed to be ideal i.e.
having zero internal resistance. Find:
(i) d.c. output voltage,
(ii) peak inverse voltage, and
(iii) rectification efficiency.

Fig. 2

Solution:
Primary to secondary turns, N1 / N2 = 5

(i) Average current, Idc =

(ii) The peak inverse voltage is equal to the maximum secondary voltage, i.e
(iii)

Q7. In the bridge type circuit shown in Fig. 3, the diodes are assumed to be ideal.
Find: (i) d.c. output voltage,
(ii) peak inverse voltage, and
(iii) output frequency.
Assume primary to secondary turns to be 4.

Fig.3

Solution:
Q8. Fig. 4(i) and Fig. 4 (ii) show the centre-tap and bridge type circuits having the
same load resistance and transformer turn ratio. The primary of each is connected
to 230V, 50 Hz supply.
(i) Find the d.c. voltage in each case, and
(ii) PIV for each case for the same d.c. output. Assume the diodes to be ideal.

Fig. 4
Solution:
(i) DC output voltage:
Center-tap circuit:
Bridge circuit:

This shows that for the same secondary voltage, the d.c. output voltage of bridge
circuit is twice that of the center-tap circuit

(ii) PIV for same d.c. output voltage:

The d.c. output voltage of the two circuits will be the same if Vm (i.e. max. voltage
utilized by each circuit for conversion into d.c.) is the same. For this to happen, the
turn ratio of the transformers should be as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig.5

Center-tap circuit:

Bridge circuit:

This shows that for the same d.c. output voltage, PIV of bridge circuit is half that of
center-tap circuit. This is a distinct advantage of bridge circuit.
Q9. The four diodes used in a bridge rectifier circuit have forward resistances
which may be considered constant at 1Ω and infinite reverse resistance. The
alternating supply voltage is 240 V r.m.s. and load resistance is 480 Ω. Calculate (i)
mean load current, and
(ii) power dissipated in each diode.
Solution:

Q10. The bridge rectifier shown in Fig. 6 uses silicon diodes. Find
(i) d.c. output voltage, and
(ii) d.c. output current. Use simplified model for the diodes

Fig.6

Solution:
The conditions of the problem suggest that the a.c voltage across transformer
secondary is 12V r.m.s.
Q11. A power supply A delivers 10 V dc with a ripple of 0.5 V r.m.s. while the
power supply B delivers 25 V dc with a ripple of 1 mV r.m.s. Which is better power
supply?
Solution:
The lower the ripple factor of a power supply, the better it is.

For power supply A

For power supply B

Q12. For the circuit shown in Fig.7, find the output d.c. voltage.

Fig.7
Solution:
It can be proved that output d.c. voltage is given by:

Q13. The choke of Fig.8 has a d.c. resistance of 25 Ω. What is the d.c. voltage if
the full-wave signal into the choke has a peak value of 25.7 V?

Fig.8

Solution:
The output of a full-wave rectifier has a d.c. component and an a.c. component. Due
to the presence of a.c. component, the rectifier output has a pulsating character as
shown in Fig. 9.
 Fig. 9

The maximum value of the pulsating output is Vm and d.c. component is V′dc = 2
Vm/π.

For d.c. component V′dc, the choke resistance is in series with the load as shown in
10.

Fig. 10