Research Proposal
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ashenafi woldesenbetResearch Proposal
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ashenafi woldesenbetSAKURA GARDEN
A Retirement Home for Japanese Retirees in the Philippines
A Thesis Proposal Submitted to
The College of Architecture
University of Santo Tomas
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
EUGENIE MEI C. TAN
5 AR-11
SUMMARY
1. Proposed Project Title: Sakura Garden
a. Sub-Title: A Retirement Home for Japanese Retirees in the Philippines
2. Proponent: Ayala Land
3. Funding Scheme: Private
4. Scope of the Project: Japanese Retirees
Facilities/Spaces: Independent Living Communities units, Assisted Living
Communities units, Continuing Care Communities units and etc.
Estimated Area of the Proposed Site: 200-250 populations
5. Proposed Site Location: Lipa City
a. Estimated Area: 10 ha
b. Land Use Classification: Residential
c. General Character of the Neighborhood: Residential, Subdivision and about
15mins to the nearest hospital
6. Research Focus: Mechanical Ventilation
7. Target Users: Japanese Retirees
a. Primary: Owner
b. Secondary: Japanese retirees, visitors, relatives and staffs
c. Tertiary: Maintenance (garbage truck, fire truck and etc.)
8. Activities/Programs/Calendar of Events: Fitness Center, Videoke House, Boat
Ride, Biking, Leisure Farm, Sports Facilities, English Study Program, Study Tour
Program and etc.
9. Legal Framework: Land-Use Map, Zoning Map, BP 344, Fire Code, NBC
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure
2.2.1
The
Palms
on
Kamala
Beach
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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Figure
2.2.2
Floor
Plan
Layout-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
15
Figure
2.2.3
Site
Development
Plan-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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Figure
2.2.4
Multi-‐Purpose
Swimming
Pools
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
17
Figure
2.2.5
Site
Development
Plan-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
18
Figure
2.2.6
Quadruplex
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
19
Figure
2.3.1
Mechanical
Ventilation
System
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
20
Figure
2.4.1
Fabric
Architecture
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
21
Figure
2.4.2
Infinity
Pool
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
21
Figure
2.4.3
S-911 BRACELET LOCATOR - Health Care -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
22
Figure
3.1.1
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
24
Figure
3.1.2
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
24
Figure
4.1.1
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
35
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
36
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
37
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
41
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
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TABLE OF TABLES
Table 3.1.1 Special Resident Retirees’ Visa Net Enrollment ------------------------ 23
-------------------------------------- 24
Table 3.1.3 Seniors (65 and above) as % of Total Population in ---------------------25
Developed Countries
Table 3.1.7 Classification of the Retirement Communities
Table 4.1.1 Site Criteria -----------------------
Table 4.1.4 Morong, Bataan Site Criteria ----------------------------------------------- 45
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I – Introduction
1.1 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Background and Nature of the Project --------------------------------------------- 2-3
1.3 Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------------ 4-5
1.4 Significance of the Project ----------------------------------------------------------- 6-7
1.5 Project Objectives --------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
1.6 Project Scope and Limitation -------------------------------------------------------- 9-10
1.7 Definition of Terms ------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
CHAPTER II – Review of Related Literature
2.1 Foreign & Local Books ------------------------------------------------------------- 12-14
2.2 Case Studies--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15-19
2.3 Research Focus ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
2.4 Evolutionary & Revolutionary Trends -------------------------------------------- 21-22
CHAPTER III – Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design --------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-30
3.2 Research Methods and Instruments ----------------------------------------------- 31-32
CHAPTER IV– Site Profile and Analysis
4.1 Criteria for the Site Selection ------------------------------------------------------- 33-34
Site Selection and Justification ----------------------------------------------------- 35-45
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Annex -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46-50
Bibliography ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
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CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Retirement home, a shelter for elders who were placed by their own family
who think they cannot take care or handle their parents properly. It is also for people
who reached their retirement and decided to migrate in other country that will satisfy
their needs. As time passes by, these people are getting weaker and cannot do what
the younger ones can so it’s a very big deal in the society and a case that should not
be left unaware.
Who would have thought that despite of the difficulties in this world, elders
are still seeking for a new place to live on and continue their life with enjoyment?
Lack of love and affection towards the aged people are just a cause that pushes them
deeply down until they become completely hopeless. Especially in the case when the
aged people lost their sons or daughters and they have to rely upon their grandson or
granddaughter, they may be treated not the same and most likely would not receive
the same kind of love and affection or response that they received from their own son
or daughter. In the result, these elders may be treated most likely as a stranger. Under
the circumstances mentioned above, the aged people have no other place but to seek
the asylum with good atmosphere.
After all the hardship they experienced, they deserve to be placed in a better
environment where they can find hope and clear their minds. Offering help and to be
sincerely concern will support and comfort them that there are still people who would
take care for them. Opening the gates for a good future that they will surely enjoy for
the rest of their lives is a good way to maintain their confidence within themselves.
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1.2 BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE PROJECT
A retirement home provides contentment and offers a relaxing environment
that every person would want to live. It all started in the past centuries, where
almshouses were established, a small and simple residence for these homeless people.
It was considered as a poorhouse because it lacks in facilities and also gives a feeling
that the residents can’t compete in the world. During the World War II, nursing was
practiced and has been in demand to take care for the injured soldiers. After the war,
the evolution of the nursing facility started and elders who lost their close relatives
are looking for a place that they can stay since no one will take care of them. The
development of nursing slowly improved because a lot of facilities were destroyed
from the bombing especially the almshouses. The advancing of the nursing home
rises from almshouses, row houses, a subdivision type for the retiree communities and
now the condominiums. Some investors are strategically putting up a retirement home
offering different amenities to attract the attention of the retirees. This is not only to
earn money but also to give a satisfying mood and improve their health.
In these kinds of circumstances, different categories were developed. This
includes the independent living communities, assisted living communities and
continuing care communities. These were offered for those retirees who were given a
chance to choose if they want to live independently or to live with special assistance.
A lot of strategies were developed to provide the necessary needs of the target users.
Back then, the Philippines used to be a rich country but because of the
unanticipated occurrences, it slowly falls down until the World War II, which cost a
lot of troubles for every citizen. Small nursing homes have been established for the
injured soldiers while poverty strikes the country. People resist the circumstances but
some choose to migrate to other developed countries. As time goes by, Filipinos has
been influenced by the western culture. Leaving their parents in a care of a stranger.
Actually, a lot of nursing homes in this country lack necessary facilities. But now, a
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lot of investors have been taking the chance to build a retirement home especially for
the foreigners knowing that Philippines has a lot of advantage compared to the other
countries. Besides of easy communication, being a third-world country has a low cost
living. Like for example in Japan, a nurse is paid for about US$1,700, as a starting fee
(www.manilatimes.net, 2006). Aside from the health service, they still have to pay for
their daily expenses. Because their country is developed, the economy has a high cost
of living expenses. As a result, they are unable to afford a nurse and a high cost
living. So the retired elders seek for a second country to live in, such as in the
Philippines. Investing in this country would never be a waste because one person can
live with about US$400-1000 a month (www.livinginthePhilippines.com). Each
retiree from the developed countries is believed to hold at least US$2000-5000 of
pension. So if they choose to live in Philippines holding US$5000 as a pension, the
retiree will still have US$4000 left to spend. Compared in Malaysia, which will
highly cost them US$10,000 a month for the living expenses of two people
(www.tourism.gov.my) (see Table 3.1.4 in page 25 for the Gross Domestic Product).
Aside from being a low cost living country, it is the third-largest English-speaking
nation in terms of population, so no need to worry in communicating with each other.
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1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Particularly, the growing population of the retiring community, in line with
shrinking value of monetary pension, poses an alarming concern that developed
countries nowadays such as USA, Japan, Italy and Germany face. The coming of the
retirement of the “baby boomers”, those who are born right after the World War II, is
producing a global difficulty wherein growth rate of the dependent, more specifically
the retirees, exceed the growth rate of the labor force (Newsweek: Baby Bust, 2004).
The Japanese population is aging faster than any other in the world, a situation which
is causing serious problems for society. In 1970, there was only 7 percent of Japan’s
population aged 65 or over but in 2004 it reached 19.5 percent. The average life
expectancy for men is 78.6 and 85.6 for women. It has been projected that as a result
of these trends by 2055 about 40 percent of all Japanese alive will be 65 or older (The
Japan Book, 2002).
The aging population is placing an increasingly heavy burden on the medical
care and pension systems, and in the years ahead a shrinking working population will
have to shoulder the growing cost of this burden. The government is now attempting
to restructure the social security system (The Japan Book, 2002).
As it was discussed, the rise of baby boomers after the World War II is
reaching their old age. But how is the economy of a developed country? A more
urbanized country means a high gross domestic product. Meaning, people living in
this kind of country have to spend more, than people living in undeveloped nation.
About the pension, is it sufficient in their respective country? Of course, it can sustain
them but it’s just enough for their daily living and no more to spend much for their
luxury. They are getting old and need not just to relax but enjoy their remaining
times. Then what happened to these retirees? They travel in different countries that
will offer a low-cost living to obtain and reach their satisfaction, a place that has
different aura and fresh for them. Since Japan’s health care services would cost
$1,314-$2,400 per year accounts for 77% of the regional market. By the year 2010,
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the Asian health market is expected to be valued at $600B with Japan spending
$422B. Two million of elders are in need of nursing care was set to increased last
2010 to as high as 5.2 million in 2025. As a result, the retirees are searching for more
comfortable and affordable lifestyles abroad as an alternative for spending their
pension funds they received. The question is that where will the retirees end up, if
their own country grows bigger and cannot accommodate enough people (Garcia and
Lopez III, 2006). This will bring a good benefit to some countries in Asia.
Philippines has been positioning itself to become the major retirement haven
of the South-east Asia for foreigners. But before any massive retiree migration is to
take place, infrastructures and services need to be either established or fine-tuned.
Elderly spending, particularly on the property sector, has been on the rise and the
over-60 population worldwide is expected to triple by 2050, according to projections
by the United Nations Population Division. The demographic shift will not only
provide vast opportunities to capitalize the talents and skills of older persons, but also
create challenges in maintain financial security for the aging populations. While a
markedly increased aging population is a nearly universal phenomenon, countries are
at varying stages in the process. Philippines, along with other countries is not
prepared for the growth spurt of the elderly population (Philippine Daily Inquirer,
2012).
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1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The development of retirement homes in the Philippines becomes a trend and
it also shows the beauty of the country. But with all the problems that were discussed
above, there are various significance that should be recognized by the society in order
to understand why should be a retirement home be promoted, especially in the
Philippines. The following will show the significances:
Baby Boomers Peak
• People, who were born just after the World War II, are reaching the
retirement age. Furthermore, people from various parts of the world
are aging and developed countries such as Japan and USA are leading
the way. This situation poses a going concern and an opportunity for
developing countries like the Philippines to answer to the needs of the
retiring market.
Social Dimension
• One of the biggest that the world has to face is the aging population in
most developed countries. It has been said that countries like Japan,
Italy, Australia, Germany, France and the like have lower birth and
death rates that contribute to the increasing elderly population.
Ecological Consideration
• The retirees, who are the largest target of sunrise industry, are very
sensitive to climate or weather conditions. The tropical climate in the
region is one of the favored factors that retirees consider in
immigrating. Foreigners from developed countries wish to escape the
long winters at home. Moreover, they enjoy the natural environment
and resources, such as, the beaches that countries like Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand have.
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Nurses going abroad
• With fewer jobs and less opportunities for nurses in the Philippines,
many nurses and nursing students have a desire to work abroad where
they could get good benefits. Since United States is experiencing the
shortage of nurses because of the rise of baby boomers, the tendency is
to hire from other countries especially in Philippines. If this will be
taken an action as early as possible, give enough wage since its salary
can be taken from the retirees’ payment and establish facilities that
will benefit the nurses such as a retirement home, they would be
hesitant to work overseas.
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1.5 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
A retirement home is not just an ordinary housing that accommodates the
retirees. It is a place that will provide the necessary needs of the users that will focus
on the flexibility and relationship of the facility between the people. The project aims
to be blended with the environment and to give the cleanliness, soothing and
welcoming feeling as soon as a person enters the area. The following are the general
objectives of the project:
1. To provide an open space not only for interaction between the users
but also to avoid suffocating atmosphere
2. To perfectly secure the safeties of the residents that will make them
comfortable and can easily adapt the new environment.
3. To develop a facility with quality and green environment for healthy
living
4. To promote Philippines for becoming the perfect destination of the
retirees even if it’s a third-world country
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1.6 PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The project will facilitate the most desirable spaces for the proposed project.
This will involve how to improve each user from their social difficulties and other
problems like feeling out of place, lack of affection and etc. Also, by making them feel
that they are at the right place to spend their lives. For further information, here are
some of the developments that the project scope involves:
1. The target users of the project are the Japanese retirees who are seeking
for a place that will provide proper treatment.
2. The project is profitable and will start to facilitate a number of 200-300
users and will continue to expand as it was estimated that a demand
would increase to 126 million by the year of 2025.
3. The project promotes sustainability for a healthy living of the residence.
It will provide rainwater collection for irrigation, eco-friendly materials,
energy conservation and green environment.
4. To support the retirees that will need special treatment especially those
who are suffering with Alzheimer or dementia, the facility will provide a
health care facility that will cater several spaces such as occupational
therapy and environmental therapy.
5. The project completes a facility that will promote the health and spiritual
being of users by providing jogging/walking pathways and bike lane,
fitness center for rehabilitation and exercise, swimming pool, temple for
worship and amphitheater for traditional shows.
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6. The health care center provides basic treatments except for surgeries,
coma care, rehabilitation services after hospitalization and other facility
that has a long-term treatment but in case of emergency, an ambulance is
available and will bring the patients to the nearest hospital. It will also
provide a well-stocked infirmary.
7. The project also contains administration office, maintenance and security
facilities to provide proper services of a retirement home.
8. The budget for the project will depend on the financial plan of Ayala
Land.
The following are the limitations in order to elaborate and understand more the
scope of the study:
1. The height elevation is limited into 3-4 storeys as it promotes the safeties of
the users; more over it is also convenient.
2. The project limits the use of high-cost materials that is not necessarily needed
for the facility therefore those materials only that are convenient and suitable.
3. The project will not be too confined and bounded but promotes more open
spaces and gardens for playing and interaction areas since the users are more
fond of it and must be prioritized.
4. A good residence, which involves a congregate living retirement residence
(50-55 yrs old), assisted living facility (56-75 yrs old) and continuing care
facility (76 and above).
5. The project materials will limit the use of concrete to reduce the carbon
emission and thermal discomfort instead it will focus on wood materials so it
connote with the character of a Japanese house.
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1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Eco-friendly materials – a response of the building sector intended to reduce
the environmental cost of making and using buildings.
2. Energy conservation - Reduction in the amount of energy consumed in
a process or system, or by an organization or society, through economy,
elimination of waste, and rational use.
3. Green environment – doesn’t literally mean a green surrounding but
promotes a healthy and clean environment.
4. Rainwater collection - the immediate collection of rainwater running off
surfaces upon which it has fallen directly.
5. Sustainability – reduces or eliminates the daily consumption of non-
renewable, reduces project and maintenance costs, increases user approval,
user productivity and reduces the total embodied project energy.
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CHAPTER II
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Stephen A. Kliment (2000). Healthcare Facilities.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation offer services to individuals who are
physically disadvantaged, with the purpose of returning them to their maximum physical
capabilities. These may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech
pathology, audiology, and specialized programs like orthotics and prosthetics to
support their needs. The most common relationship are with nursing units, such as
orthopedic, cardiac, neurological, and other units. These services should be accessible to
outpatient entrances, with a dedicated entrance near convenient parking.
Physical therapy concentrated on gross neuromuscular and skeletal activity, with
emphasis on regaining movement, circulation and coordination of body and limbs.
Physical medicine and rehabilitation services will be performed more often in outpatient
and home care settings. It will continue to play an important role in the continuity of care
--- from inpatient to home care --- in both medical and surgical specialties.
Jeffrey W. Anderzhon, Ingrid L. Fraley, Mitch Green (2007). Design for Aging Post-
Occupancy Evalutations.
This takes a look at a variety of long-term care environment in an effort to learn
how residents and staff interact with the built environment.
Environmental Therapy
The environment appears to provide a fulfilling and comfortable quality of life
for the residents. The rooms should be well lighted but should be balanced for heat
control. This will improve the people who have severe emotional, reduce behavioral
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disturbance, increasing elder’s well being and to promote positive effects. The project
must blend with the nature not just for relaxing but for them to see the beauty of life.
Vittoria D’Alession (2001). The Allergy Free Home.
Doctors tend to see fewer allergies among the elderly. This is probably because
anyone born between 50 and 70 years ago was less likely to encounter allergy triggers
in their early days and was therefore less likely to develop an allergy as an adult. The
ventilation and indoor air quality must be taken into consideration to secure the health
of the residents.
Toby Musgrave (2007). Courtyard Gardens.
The book discussed about the different courtyard gardens. Among these are the
romantic gardens, which are an intensely personal garden that put you away from the
world in a space that fills you with ease and contentment and the edible garden that
provides crops which give enjoyment eating fresh foods from the garden.
Malcolm Holzman (2008). A Material Life.
The intelligent use of materials and the proper application of resources is an
essential component of architecture. The impact of construction on the environment has
led the architects to develop a series of sustainable standards, among them the use of
local and regional products, recycled and low-embodied energy materials, and resource
conservation.
Alejandro Bahamon and Ana Maria Alvarez (2010). Light Color Sound.
It gives techniques on how to strategically play the colors since the project caters
elderly. By using contrasting color especially for the dementia or Alzheimer patients that
will help them to recognize where they are going and identify easily the place. Way
finders and landmarks that are easily to understand should also be provided. However, it
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must be deliberately plan in constricted areas to avoid confusion.
Barbara A. Nadel (2004). Building Security.
Nursing home security design challenges must balance safety with resident
rights and dignity. Secured nursing homes consider the disorientation and potential
elopement of dementia residents, crime and workplace violence, while creating
pleasant, residential environments. Important considerations include the following:
• Lounges, dining and staff support areas must be provided for resident
convenience.
• Staff supervision and observation should be effective but not restrictive or
oppressive.
• Staffing shortages and resident needs often result facilities using alarm and
locking features to contain residents and alert staff.
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2.2 CASE STUDIES
(THAILAND, MALAYSIA AND PHILIPPINES)
THAILAND CASE STUDY
The Palms on Kamala Beach
The units in the plan provide a direct access to the pool from their own private
terraces. This is a good strategy for the investor to place some of their units near the pool,
which give them the opportunity to raise the price and make money from it.
The spacious luxury apartments
consist two king size bedrooms,
which provide the necessary for
a condo unit type. It gives
natural ventilation to the living
that makes an ideal place for
living.
The penthouse layout is almost perfect but the only disadvantage is that the
remaining two bedrooms at the left corner don’t provide natural ventilation. The other
thing is that the toilet in the middle is like randomly placed instead of providing a
common bathroom.
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MALAYSIA CASE STUDY
An Ecologically- Friendly Haven
The Haven attempts to build a sustainable design with all renewable energy
resources. It stands for a better, cleaner and greener earth. It also consists of
rainwater harvest to conserve water and to reduce the carbon footprint by
harnessing the renewable energy of wind and sun.
Figure 2.2.3 Site Development Plan
The site development plan shows the circulation and the traffic flow of the
vehicles.
FACILITIES
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The site development plan shows the traffic analysis of the vehicles. It has a
smooth flow of circulation given that the roads are constructed for two-way access.
They provided parking area for each of the tower for an easy access with one multi-
level parking beside the tower A and B. The yellow circles are the drop-off area for
each building, which is really necessary for the users so it would not be that hassle for
them to travel for each of the building. For the security, the management installed
CCTV cameras, computer card access, a guard concierge at each block, fencing and
two guardhouses which is the blue circles in the Figure 2.5.7. A wooded jogging track
beside the 1.6 hectare lake was also provided. The plan is simple but gives
satisfaction for the people.
The layout of the swimming pool is pretty unique especially the zoning of the
various pools in each area. Designing a multi-purpose pool gives convenience for the
users so that they wouldn’t waste their time to travel in different places to satisfy their
needs. The plan also includes a sunbathing area to relax and receive vitamin D from
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the sun during the early morning. A wading pool, if they just want to soak their body
in the water and an infinity pool that gives a good view with the environment.
PHILIPPINES CASE STUDY
Subic Holiday Villas
The facility has 4 hectares area and was designed with a large courtyard at
the site where the different amenities are placed. This encourages open exchange
and interaction among occupants and guests. The abundance of green in and out of
the community generates a feeling of tranquility and serenity. The villas consist of
128 units and were limited into 3-storey building. This is to eliminate the stiff and
rigid ambiance.
The rooms are larger compared to other condominium units which are usually small
and cramp. Each building consists:
• Studio (36 sq m)
• 1-Bedroom (68 sq m)
• 2-Bedroom (72 sq m)
• 3-Bedroom unit (108 sq m)
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The facility doesn’t just
consist villas but they also provided
quadruplex for those who feel like
living separately without sharing the
same building. This project gave the
researcher an idea to design a
structure that gives choices for the
retirees whether they want to live
together with the other users in one
building or live separately.
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2.3 RESEARCH FOCUS
Mechanical Ventilation System
The thermal heat has been a
problem for a tropical land and it
brings intense discomfort for every
user. Many have suffered from this
kind of occurrence especially for
those people who raise their pressure
and become uncomfortable with their
surrounding. So installing mechanical
ventilation within the facility without
using any artificial ventilation will
work successfully to decrease the thermal heat and give a good atmosphere.
Mechanical ventilation systems circulate fresh air using ducts and fans, rather than
relying on airflow through small holes or cracks in a home’s walls, roof, or windows.
It helps the residents to breath easier knowing their home has good ventilation.
The system has a lot of benefits and this includes the improvement of the
home’s air quality by removing allergens, pollutants, and moisture that can cause
mold problems. It also provides proper fresh airflow along with appropriate locations
for intake and exhaust. Before the air enters the facility, it goes with the following
procedure: the filtration, dehumidification and conditioning of the incoming outside
air.
With the use of this innovative device, it will greatly help the target users of
the facility, which are the retirees. For an old age users, the more they age the more
they get weaker and this is the time they seek for a good home to relax and spend
their lives. Providing this kind of device will give a lot of advantage by giving a
comfy environment and reduce their stresses.
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Fabric architecture will be a
great help for the outdoor
environments. It will serve as a
shade structure to lounge areas or
any recreational spaces to prevent
heat from the sun. In addition to
looking great, high-quality outdoor
fabrics are water-repellent, mildew-
resistant and provide premium
comfort. These fabrics are also soft
and touchable textures so it will be
safe to apply.
An infinity pool is a swimming
pool that has been constructed with the
illusion of extending all the way to the
horizon. From the right perspective, it’s
seems to stretch on endlessly and seems
to merge with the existing nature.
Nowadays, an infinity pool has been a trend for some projects. This adds a
unique atmosphere for every user. It’s like blending the pool with the surrounding
natures and feel the good ambiance while bathing. The setting will give a relaxing
mood and calm their mind as they take a view through the nature.
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DOUBLE-GLAZED WITH MODERATE SOLAR GAIN LOW-E GLASS
This figure illustrates the characteristics of a typical double-glazed window
with a moderate solar-gain low-E glass with argon gas fill. These windows reduce
solar heat gain while retaining high visible transmittance. Such coatings reduce heat
loss and let in a reduced amount of solar gain making them suitable for climates
with both heating and cooling concerns.
This kind of window is essential for tropical land and would promote a
sustainable design together with the mechanical ventilation. The combination of
these two is excellent to reduce the consuming of energy because it helps to cool the
room easily while reducing the heat going inside.
RAINWATER COLLECTION
This system
transports the rainwater through pipes or drains, filtration, and
storage in tanks so it can be recycled and make benefits instead of wasting it.
Rainwater collection will be applied for the sprinklers in garden so that it helps to
preserve more water instead of consuming fresh waters.
S-911 BRACELET LOCATOR -
Health care
The device is a bracelet that
provides programmable fast dial buttons
for immediate assistance. It will be wore
by the users so that in case of emergency,
they will just click the panic buttons and
the monitoring office will detect the
patients and send nurses to them.
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CHAPTER III
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
Table 3.1.1 Special Resident Retirees’ Visa Net Enrollment
Since PRA started accepting
qualified foreign retirees for the SRR
Visa in 1987, it has also began
identifying who its target markets were.
For over 20 years, the Authority's
market has diversified to almost 50% of
the United Nation's list of member
states. Among the earliest SRR Visa
participants are from Japan,
Switzerland, Australia, China (PRC and
Hong Kong), and a former Filipino
from the US.
RETIREMENT INDUSTRY
This is the history of the retirees who enrolled and withdrawn started in the
year 1987 to 2011. It was expected from the beginning that the growth of the seniors
would increase and that is where the demand of the retirement home came up since
many foreigners have been attracted to Philippines because of its hospitality and
attitude towards a stranger. In the year 2025, it was predicted that there would be 26
million people 65 years old in Japan. So what will be the outcome afterwards? More
retirees will seek for a retirement home and Philippines is one of the countries that
will serve as their destination.
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The historical diagram shows the growth of the retirees who applied for SRR
visa since 1987-2011. The decrease of the SRR enrolment in the year 2008-2009 was
caused by a financial crisis. Although Philippines is not much affected, the retirees
who were pursuing to retire weakened as major economies worldwide slowed down
during this period. In the year 2010-2011, the connection between tourism and
migration was strengthened as retirement was linked to different tourism perspectives
(e.g. long stay tourism and medical tourism), which later on comprised a
retirement industry (Philippine Retirement Authority, 2011). After the success of their
performance, more retirees were attracted to get visa in the Philippines.
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For the growing population in Japan, it was ranked fourth because retirees
who are acquiring SRR Visa in the Philippines increased. Opening the Japanese
Market for retirement and lifestyle in the Philippines has not been easy. The cost of
living in Japan during the awareness creation stage contributed to the challenges to
the PRA's marketing team. It was after several meetings, and a survey conducted by a
semi-government Japanese agency called Leisure and Development Center (LDC)
which gave 86% pass rating to the acceptability of Philippine conditions to elderly
Japanese, that Philippines was formally introduced and launched as a potential
retirement destination for the Japanese market (Philippine Retirement Authority,
2011).
Table 3.1.3 Seniors (65 and above) as % of Total Population in Developed
Countries
It can be noticed that Japan exceeds them
all. Japanese has a culture of separating their
child from them after they reached 18 years old
and they have to be independent and work to
sustain their needs. As a result, when their
children marries and start their own family, it is
the time that their parents grow old and wouldn’t
think of living with their sons/daughter knowing
that they are going to be a burden. So what will
happen to these elders? If they’re income or
saving is low and not enough to afford medical services in their respective country,
they look for a place with more affordable living. Philippines is one of the destination
of the retirees because it has the lowest GDP as stated in the Table 3.1.4 below.
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As it was shown in the table, the Philippines has the lowest GDP which implies
that consumer spending is also low. In this country, people can buy the things they
need with their given income. Therefore, foreigners, especially from developed
countries can buy as much as they want with the currency of their money. This shows
that the Japanese retirees, from a well-developed country, will be satisfied and get what
they want with the given amount of their pension they received.
In Table 3.1.5, two years after the establishment of the Authority, the SRRV
Net Enrollment was first recorded in 1987. These account the records of retirees who
acquired the visa. Some have specific reasons in coming in the Philippines (such as
marriage, investment, mission etc.) who may also be considered as "foreign retirees in
the Philippines".
In Table 3.1.6, it shows the age bracket of the seniors. There are three age
groups that were segmented, 35-49, 50-59, and 60 above. It was stated that the group
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35-49 is the highest. This shows that the facility should have several physical activities
for their age to live a healthy and active life before they get much older.
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STAGE OF AGING USER ANALYSIS
50-55 years old (Independent Living Communities)
• This stage of aging is the time where the people are winding down their
active professional for a life of retirement. These retirees usually focus
on leisure time. Spending their life to the fullest after all the hardship
from works that they experienced during their young age.
• These are also the people who can live in independent living
communities where less care is provided but free from housekeeping
and maintenance chores.
• Because it is believed that the baby boomers are twice active as their
previous generation, the retirees of this age should be provided physical
activities like lawn tennis, gym, table tennis, badminton, and etc. as long
as they have the strength to do these kinds of activities.
56-75 years old (Assisted Living Communities)
• This stage basically shows the development of their physical abilities
and becomes more inactive to certain activities
• People at this stage should always be aware with their health as their
body slowly loses their immunity to disease.
• Although some of these retirees can still do some physical activities,
they should be very careful not overdoing it and limit themselves.
76 years old and above (Continuing Care Communities)
• This is the stage where symptoms of sickness are coming. Their body
becomes fragile as time passes by. That’s why the people at this age
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should leave in continuing care facilities where they receive a full-time
supervision of nurses and needs schedule for medical check-up.
• The kinds of activities needed for these stage is something that gives
meaning to their life. Something that is unforgettable and they will
cherish for the rest of their lives. Because this is the stage where they
need the kind of affection that they should have and a stage that they
become hopeless because of their age.
CATEGORIES OF RETIREMENT HOUSING FACILITIES
1. Subdivision - it is generally horizontal in physical development and units covered
by individual land titles. The sub-types are single detached, single attached, duplex
or row houses.
2. Condominium - it may be horizontal or vertical in physical development,
covered with individual units and land title. The units may be for lease or for sale.
3. Apartment - it may be horizontal or vertical in physical development, covered by
a land title. The sub-types are row houses, medium rise and high rise building
structures. The units may be for lease or for sale.
4. Hotel - it is may be horizontal or vertical in physical development, covered by a
land title. The units are for rental only.
5. Condotel - it is a combination of a condominium and a hotel, which may be
horizontal or vertical in physical development, covered by a land title and individual
condominium certificates of title to each unit. The units may be for lease or for sale.
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Among the categories, the project will have a combination of condominium
and subdivision type. These kinds of setting may be a single dwelling, duplex, row
houses, medium or high-rise structures. But among these, the project will not focus
on building a high-rise building. The condominium units are for the assisted and
continuing care communities. As for the independent living communities, single
houses will be provided because they can still take of themselves.
Proponent: Ayala Land
“We don’t just build homes. We build communities”
Vision
To enhance our standing and reputation as the Philippines’ leading real estate
developer, and to be a strong partner in nation building. By developing integrated,
masterplanned and sustainable mixed-use communities in vibrant growth centers all
over the country, we strive to continually elevate the quality of life for all of our
customers.
Mission
We shall be a responsible corporate citizen and act with integrity, foresight and
prudence. We shall empower our employees to deliver products that exceed our
customers’ expectations and build long-term value for our shareholders.
Ayala Land has served the community for over 80 years. They developed
sustainable properties and communities that will continue to generate greater value
over time. Aside from that, they have built residential villages and residential
buildings all over the country. For them, it’s not just building a structure but can also
guarantee a clean and good environment that will promote sustainability.
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3.2 RESEARCH METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS
Approaches in Research
Qualitative Research
The method was used for the data that need to be enumerated but briefly
explained. It highlighted the important information of the research by describing
concisely.
Quantitative Research
This method is best for showing the statistics information to help the readers
avoid the confusion. It was enumerated so it could not be tiring to read. These
statistics give information for the problem.
Classification of Research
Experimental Research
This method deals with future phenomena. Investigating the statistics that
were presented helps to analyze the future. With this approach, a good solution can be
formulated that will definitely going to be an advantage for a better outcome.
Descriptive Research
It is a research that is concern in the present phenomena. This gives a good
look about the condition of the country. Simply by stating the information about its
current situation and the difficulties that needs to be taken an action as soon as
possible. Especially about the poverty statistics that were illustrated, of course it’s not
a simple task to change instantly the condition of the society but should be given an
attention.
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Statistical Survey Research
It is applied to give further information about the current and past situation of
the Philippines. The statistics were enumerated well in the table that will provide the
advantage to study the problems in the country.
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CHAPTER IV
4.1 SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS
Site Criteria
For the project, there are some criteria that must be followed for a successful
planning and how it can relates to the surrounding environment. Here are the criteria
that is appropriate for the proposal:
• A quiet and refreshing environment (20%)
-‐ This kind of location is a must needed, which enables the air, flows more
comfortable and will rest the mind of the users peacefully without
worrying the life they are facing. A location near the residential areas is
also an ideal since it brings the place a calmly surrounding and no busy
people can be seen which may cause stress for users.
• Less Pollution (20%)
-‐ A reduction of pollution will help the health of the users improve and will
also deliver a good condition and a great mindset. So keeping it away from
the highway, which is the root of pollution and have a chance to cause
such illness for the users.
• A site that can provide enough open spaces and gardens (20%)
-‐ A site that avoids the limitation of providing open spaces and garden
which is the most important and the meaning of the project. So that it
gives a happy life for the users and avoid the feeling of confinement
• Accessible to Convenient Facilities (20%)
-‐ It is pretty convenient for the project to have an easy access to some
facilities that is necessary including the transportation, malls, markets,
church and the most important, a hospital in case an emergency happened.
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• Safe Location (15%)
-‐ The project should be wisely located especially from those facilities that
can harm the health of the users like power plants, factories and other
structure that produces dangerous chemicals.
• Easy Access For Utility Purpose (5%)
-‐ A good connection between the pipeline, electricity and other utilities will
be a less hassle for those who are in charge at the project and will less give
harm for the users.
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Location: Lipa City (Chosen Site)
Lipa City is approximately in the center of the country from Batangas to Sulu.
The total land area of Lipa is 20,940 hectares. The city is 86 kilometers or an hour
and half drive via the Southern Luzon Expressway enhances its strategic access to
development trends. It is fast emerging as a key city in the province, becoming a
major institutional/administrative center, medical center, commercial center, financial
center, agro-industrial center and residential center.
The chosen site is located at Lipa City in Batangas. It is near the Sto. Tomas-
Lipa Road and has as easy access to the Southern-Tagalog Arterial Road. The yellow
legends are the areas that can be built-up as a residence. As you can see, the mint
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green encircling the area is where the chosen site is located. It was selected because it
gives a view to the Mt. Susong Dalaga at the east. This is one of the important
elements for a Japanese because it makes them feel closer to the nature.
Mt.
Susong
Dalaga
This is the area where the chosen site is located. It has an access to the
Southern-Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR). It does consist a cool ambiance and a view
to the Mt. Susong Dalaga that can be seen from the site. Despite of the weather during
summer, the place still gives a comfortable feeling.
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The lot encircled in red will be the proposed project site. It is very
accessible to Lipa City including the necessary facilities. So this is the site
criterion for the location of the project.
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These are the site accessibilities from 2km-5km:
• The Mary Mediatrix Hospital is 4km away from the proposed site. The hospital
medical services contain necessary treatments for an elder like:
-‐ Bone Competence Center (arthritis)
-‐ Cardiovascular Center
-‐ Coronary Care Unit
-‐ Diabetes Clinic
-‐ Eye Center
-‐ Hearing and Balance Center
-‐ Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center
• Mediatrix surgery has been the country’s pioneer in 1989 for open heart
surgery, and it was there that the country’s first heart transplant was
performed in 1994. Most of the surgeons are from the Philippine College of
Surgeons and diplomats of the Philippine Board of Surgery.
• The overall number of Fire Station in Lipa City is 4 and 3 of these are very accessible to
the proposed site.
• As for the hospitals, 7 of these are private and the government owns only 2.
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Given the fault lines in Batangas city, it can be noticed that some of the areas are
affected by it such as San Juan, Lobo, Nasugbu, Talisay and other cities. But Lipa city will not
be that affected because the given fault lines are limited.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH
• It has lots of green surrounding. Therefore, it has less pollution and provides a healthy
living.
• Enough recreation building is located at the city including SM City Lipa, Robinsons
Place Lipa, Fiesta mall and other areas that bring pleasure.
• The city is not overcrowded and has a great amount of residential so the project will
never be out of place.
• Has a good surrounding and doesn’t consist of high-rise buildings like in Makati
• 2nd Runner-up in search for “Best City Police Station” given by the National
Headquarters PNP; Office of the Chief, PNP on February 7, 2002
WEAKNESSES
• Traffic congestion resulting from increased vehicular flow
• The site’s nearest police and fire station is about 6km
OPPORTUNITIES
• Has an opportunity to visit some of the historical sites of Lipa City such as which
helps them to understand the history, rich culture and traditions of Lipenos.
• Continuous land and on-site development through construction and improvement of
roads, drainage systems and water supply.
• Ranked 6th in the Top Ten Next Waves Cities, 2010
THREATS
• Overdrawing of groundwater sources, resulting in water depletion
• Increasing consumption of non-biodegradable products brought about by increased
incomes, changing lifestyles, increasing consumerism and fast food culture
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Location: Agoncillo (Alternative Site)
Agoncillo
The place of Agoncillo is also a built-up area in Batangas. Besides of its homey
feeling, it also gives a view from the Taal Lake, which can also serve as fishing or boating
area for the retirees.
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The red circle shows the site in Agoncillo. Also, the Taal volcano can be seen from
there, which gives an additional point for the proposed site.
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These are the existing fault lines within Batangas. It can be seen that Agoncillo gives
the assurance that it’s safe enough and not prone to earthquake.
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Location: Morong, Bataan (Alternative Site)
City of Balanga referred as "Tricycle City" in the past, is now a booming and
bustling city. As one of the richest naturally endowed areas in the Province, its strategic
location is instrumental in the city’s development as the Province’s center of the trade,
commerce, services and of course, education. These sectors have complemented the
economic output from agriculture and fisheries industry, which provide livelihood to a large
portion of the city’s families.
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Furthermore, several major food chain companies have thriving business and the
number of banks, from rural to commercial ones, is continuously increasing. This only
proves that the city is now one good investment haven.
Blessed with a large undeveloped reclaimed area, numerous quality residential
subdivision and townhouses, the City’s potential for growth and development in the coming
years is inevitable. Morong has been also one of the options of the foreign investors for a
retirement home project.
Climate
• The city has a record of rainfall for about 1.822 mm and 34.4 celsius temperature, a
relative humidity of seventy six percent (76%) and a three (3) mile/sec. Speed of
southeast wind.
• The country is hit by storms and typhoons more than fifteen times a year. These are
usually during the months of July to September.
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ANNEX
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
National Building Code
Section 805. Ceiling Heights
1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less
than 2.40m measured from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for building of more
than one (1) storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70m
and that for the second story 2.40m and the succeeding storeys shall have an
unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10m above the finished
floor. Above stated rooms with natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights of not
less than 2.70m.
2. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80m above and
below it.
Section 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms
1. Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as follows:
a. Rooms for Human Habitations = 6 sq m with at least dimension of 2m
b. Kitchen = 3 sq m with at least dimension of 1.5m
c. Bath and Toilet = 1.2 sq m with at least dimension of 0.90m
General Requirements for Occupant Loads and Exits (In all occupancies, floors above
st
the 1 storey having an occupant load of more than 10 shall have at least 2 exits.
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Table 4.6.1 General Requirements for Occupant Loads and Exits
• Sleeping Departments shall be based on 1 occupant per 11 sq m of the gross
floor area.
• In-patient Institutional Treatment Departments shall be based on 1 occupant
per 22 sq m of gross floor area
Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space Requirements
a. The parking slot, parking area and loading/unloading space requirements listed
hereafter are generally the minimum off-street cum on-site requirements for specific
uses/occupancies for buildings/structures, all to be located outside of the road right-
of-way (RROW)
b. The size of an average automobile is 2.50m by 5m for perpendicular or diagonal
parking and at 2.15m by 6m for parallel parking. A standard truck or bus
parking/loading slot must be at minimum of 3.60 by 12m. An articulated truck slot
must be computed at a minimum of 3.60m by 18m which should be sufficient to
accommodate a 12m container van or bulk carrier and a long/hooded prome mover.
A jeepney or shuttle parking/loading/unloading at a minimum of 3m by 9m.
1.2 Division A-2. Multi-family dwelling units located in a residential condominium
(R-5) buidings/structures regardless of number of storeys
• Units with gross floor area of 18 to 22 sq m = 1 parking slot/8 units
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• Another slot shall be provided if there are more than 8 units but less than 16
units.
4.3 Division D-3. Nursing homes for ambulatory patients
• 1 off-street cum on-site car parking slot for every 12 beds
• 1 off-RROW (or off-street) passenger loading space that can accommodate 2
queued jeepney/shuttle slots
1.2 Division E-2. Restaurants and fast-food centers
• 1 car slot for every 20 sq m of customer area
• 2 tourist parking slots for tourist bus parking slots for each theater-
restaurant
8.4 Division H-4. Beach Houses
• 1 slot for every 100 sq m
Fire Code
Occupant Load
The occupant load permitted in any assembly building, structure, or portion thereof
shall be determined by dividing the net floor area or space assigned to that use by the square
meter per occupant as follows:
• Auditorium, Church, Chapel or lodge room without seats =
0.65 sq m/person
• Conference room, dining room, drinking establishment, exhibit room,
gymnasium or lounge = 1.4 sq m/person
• Standing room or waiting area = 0.28 sq m/person
Minimum Number of Exits
• Every class B place of assembly, with 300-1000 persons, at least 2 separate exits as
remote from each other as practicable, and of capacity of over 600, at least 3 exits,
each not less than 2 units.
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Travel Distance to Exits
• Exits shall be so arranged that the total length of travel from any point to reach an exit
will not exceed 46m in any place of assembly for spaces not protected by automatic
fire suppression and 61m in areas so protected.
BP 344 (Accessibility Law)
• Accessible slots in parking areas shall be located as near as possible to
ingress/engress spaces of the building.
• Elevator with a minimum width of 0.80m
• Width of corridors and circulation integrating both and vertical access to ingress and
engress level of the building shall be provided.
• Parking areas shall be provided sufficient space for the disabled
• Handrails at both sides of the ramp
• Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20m
• 1.50m turnaround radius
• Ramp distance of 12m between stops
• Walkway headroom, not less than 2m and preferably higher
Handrails
• Handrails at 0.90m to 0.70m above steps
• Handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at 1m to 1.06m
• 0.30m long extension of handrail at the start and end of the ramp
• Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30mm to 50mm
• Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50mm
• Handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than 40mm
Ramps
• Ramps shall have a clear width of 1.20m
• The maximum gradient shall be 1:12
• The length of a ramp should not exceed 6m if the gradient is 1:12
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• Longer ramps whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than
1.50m
• Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70m and 0.90 from the ramp
level
• Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum height of 0.10m
• Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20m and leads down towards an area where
vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full width of its lower
end not less than 1.80m from the foot of the ramp
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anderzhon, J., Fraley, I., Green, M. (2007). Design for Aging Post-Occupancy Evaluations. In
Lessons Learned from the Senior Living Environments Featured in the AIA’s Design for
Aging Review. (pp. 173-181). Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Alejandro, B., Alvarez, A. (2010). Light Color Sound. In Sensory Effects in Contemporary
Architecture. (pp.43-53). Singapore: Page One Publishing Private Limited.
D’Alession, V. (2001). The Allergy Free Home. In A practical guide to creating a healthy
environment. (pp.50-59). United Kingdom: Breslich & Foss Limited.
Kliment, S. (2000). Healthcare Facilities. In Building Type Basics. (pp.96-99). Canada: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Musgrave, T. (2007). Courtyard Gardens. In imaginative ideas for outdoor living. (pp.74-83).
Singapore: Page One Publishing Private Limited.
Nadel, B. (2004). Building Security. In Handbook for Architectural Planning and Design. (pp.8.1-
8.31). United States: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Waters, D. (2008). A Material Life. In Adventures & discoveries in materials research. (pp. 168-
170). Australia: The Images Publishing Group Pty. Ltd.
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