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GEM217 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1) The principle of stratigraphy is base on which of the following

a) bed evaluation b) sedimentary evaluation c) igneoue evaluation d)non of the above

2) The following are philosophers who contributed to the history of stratigraphy except?

a) Xenophene b) dorwan c) phiny d)Plato

3) The Chinese regarded the earth as?

a) infinite cycle b)immutable c)continuous change d) geoid

4) The western culture see the earth as?

a) eternal b)immutable c) continuous changing d) infinite cycle

5) The Indian regarded the earth as?

a) infinite cycle b)eternal c)immutable d)geoid

6) The study of stratigraphy begins with?

a) experiment to determine several beds b) experiment to determine why rock containing mineral is
elevated above earth surface c) experiment to study the universe d) experiment to determine
constituents mineral in Rock

7) The earth is stratified

a)true b)most likely c) false d) a and b

8) The ancient philosophers attributed the earth structure to?

a) natural phenomenon b) supernatural courses c)geodynamic phenomenon d) lithology

9). The word fossil is obtain from?

a)Latin b)greek c) American d) Britain

10) All except one of the following is not mineral

a) fossil b) rock c) crystal d)lustra

11) Fossil is believe to be of inorganic oringin during

a) 10th -15th century b) 6th - 5th century c)12th - 17th century d)9th - 6th century

12) The idea of organic origin of fossil begins ?

a)10th century after Christ b)Early 20th century after Christ c)9th century before Christ d)6th century
after Christ

13) A German professor of mineralogy who classified rock into three categories is?

a)Hereditus b)Johann Lehman c) Giovanni d)Fushel

14) Basement complex rocks are?

a) poorly stratified rocks form during the formation of the earth b) rocks with metallic ore c) rocks form
from sub terrennean fines d) Alluvial silt

15) The rock type attributed to biblical Nuah's flood is?

a) tertiary rocks b) secondary rocks c) primary rocks d)porous

16) Lehman classified rock into three categories in?

a)1788 b) 1760 c) 1756 d)1760

17) The professor who classified rock into four categories is?

a)Werner b) Hutton c) Fushel d) James

18) Whose postulation favour the system that all rocks are of sedimentary origin?

a) Werner b) Lehmann c) Hutton d) Fushel

19) Neptunist school of thought is from whose postulation?

a) Smith b) Fushel c) Werner d) Steno

20) The Scottish contemporary who opposed Werner postulation which "state all rocks are of
sedimentary origin" is

a) James Hutton b) Lehmann Gottleb c) Werner Gotllob d) Christian Fushel

21) Whose work bring about plutonist school of thought?

a) James Hutton b) Lehmann Gottleb c) Strata Smith d) Brongniart

22) A German medical personnel who classified rock into 9 different units is?

a) Curvier b) Fushel c) Hutton d) Gottlob

23) Secondary rock of hatzt mountain was used in classification by ?

a) Fushel b) Brongniart c) Werner d) Lehmann

25) The time interval assigned to each unit in Fushel classification is know as?

a) statumen b) seculum c) erathem d) lustrum

26) How many sub unit is available in Fushel classification?

a) 3 b)6 c) 2 d)4

27) The time interval assigned to each sub unit is?

a) seculum b) lustrum c) statumend) Lentil

28) Seculum means?

a) each unit b) sub unit c) assigned time d) rock type

29) Principle of uniformitarianism state that...?

a) Dynamics of present is the key to the past b) A rock body which submerged to another rock body is
younger while the one in which it's submerged in is older c) When hot magma intrude into a cold
country rock, the intrusion along the margin cool faster than the interior d)If one geological feature cut
across another, the features cut across is older

30) All but one of the following is the relevance of fossil

a) dating of rocks b) using as reference material c) a and b d)non of the above

31) Who is regarded as father of stratigraphy?

a) Ashley code b) Charles Darwin c) William Smith d) Robert lynell

32) All except one of the following are the principle proposed by Nicolaus Steno?

a) Lateral coninuity b) chill margin c) Original horizontallity d) Super position

33) The essential fundamental unit in chronostratigraphic is?

a) Erathem b) System c) Eonothem d)chronozone

34) The time equivalent of system is?

a) era b) period c) chron d)epoch

35) The tangible body of rocks that are selected by geologist which serve as reference material is?

a)biostratigraphy b) magnetostratigraphy c) chronostratigraphy d)lithostratigraphy

36) Paleozoic means?

a) recent life b) old life c) new life d)non of the above

37) When a particular fossil is found in two different rock type, it means?

a)the rocks are of the same lifespan( contemporaneous) b) the rocks are identical c) a and b d)non of the
above

38) The age of rock can be determined by the fossil it contains state the principle of?

a) super position b) faunal succession c) inclusion d)cross cutting

39). Fossil can be sub divided in how many ways?

a)2 b) 4c) 3 d)6

40) Tracing beds by their lithologic character begins when?

a) 18th century b)15th century c) 10th century d) 12 century

41). Law of faunal succession was put in use for tracing beds in?

a)18th century b)19th century c) 10th century d)15th century

42). The decision to summourn first international geological Congress was at ______ and in what year?

a) Scottish 1788 b)Paris 1878 c) Germany 1756 d)Italy 1760

43) The second international geological Congress took place at ______ and in what year?

a) Ethopia 1881 b) Cameroon 1872 c) Balongna 1881 d) Germany 1881

44) The idea of standardizing nomenclature in America was in?

a) 1992 b)1995 c)1993 d)1968

45) Who are those that disagreed with Ashley code and in what year?

a)barbiic and slover 1872 b) schenk and muller 1935 c) curvier and Brongniart 1785 d)non of the above

46) The three stratigraphic unit was proposed by schenk and Muller in what year?

a)1900 b)1947 c)1986 d)1941

47) The following are rock stratigraphic unit except?

a) formation b) group c) stage d) lentil

48) All the following except one is not a stratigraphic unit

a)rock chronologic unit b) geologic time unit c) rock stratigraphic unit d) time stratigraphic unit

49). The following are geologica time unit except?

a) - b) era c) zone d) period

50) The smallest of biostratigrapic unit is ------?

a) series b)stage c) zone d) system

51) Zone was drop in what year code?

a)1961 b)1967 c) 1983 d)1985

52) ------- deals with inter relationship between rocks and time

a)rock time unit b) chronostratigraphy time interval c)geology time scale d)non of the above

53) Age of the earth was calculated from salinity by?

a) John joly b) lord Kelvin c) curvier d) Brongniart

54) Who assume the earth originally had the temperature of the sun?

a) strata Smith b) lord Kelvin c) John joly d) Brongniart

55) John joly assume the age of the earth to be?

a)20-40 million years b) 90-99 million years c) 40 - 60 million years d)100- 140 million years

56) Lord Kelvin assume the age of the earth to be?

a) 30 - 50 million years b) 20 - 40 million years c)90 - 99 million years d)non of the above

57). "The key to the past are the process that we observe now" state the principle of what?

a) Flora and faunal succession b) unformitarianism lc) super position d)chill margin

58) The first attempt in the establishment of geological time scale started where?

a) Scotland b) Niamey c) France d)Brazil

59). who postulated that earth was not small as it was fixed at his time?

a) lord Kelvin 1820 b)John jolly 1723 c) curvier 1752 d) Hutton 1785

60) Who were those that find out that sedimentary rocks could be marked out by means of fossil
content?

a) Muller and schenk b) Curvier and Brongniart c) Smith and Strata d) Gottleb and Gottlob
61) The largest stratigraphic unit is?

a)Eon b) Epoch c) Era d) zone

62) Radioactive elements are said to be present in rocks

a) true b) false c) not really true d) b and c

63) The essential unit of lithostratigraphy is ---------?

a)bed b) statum c) formation d) group

64) A blunt boundary in lithologic deposit indicated ----------?

a) broad change b)gradual change c) bedding change d) non of the above

65). When a particular sediment changes with respect to the environment where is deposited it's
regarded as?

a) allogenic change b) facie change c) dependent change d) correlation change

66) A sharp boundary in lithologic deposition indicates _______?

a) facie change b) broad change c) Sharp change d) gradual change

67) The most spectacular shift of the environment is caused by _____?

a) gravitational activities b) polar motion c) rise and fall in Sea level d)non of the above

68). All lithologic unit are diachronous

a) true b) false c) not really true d)all of the above

69) When is a unit said to be diachronous?

70) ________are define by the fossils and faunal content only?

a) magnetostratigraphy b) biostratigraphy c) lithostratigraphy d) chronostratigraphy

71) What tells us how thick, wide, narrow, low or high a location is

a)lithology b) type area c) localities d) area unit

72) ________ is defined as the body of rock of a particular age?

a) stage b) zone c) system d) series

73). Quaternary entails all the following except?

a)Ordovian b) Cambrian c) Carboniferous d) Eocene

74) Paleogene system is made up of______ and _______?

a) oligocene and miocene b) oligocene and paleocene c) miocene and pliocene d)palaeocene and
miocene

76) Neogene system is made of ______ and ________?

a) pliocene and miocene b) paleocene and Eocene c) oligocene and paleocene d) non of the above

77) The quaternary system is made of _______and_______?

a) recent and Eocene b)quaternary and recent c) neogene and paleogene d) none of the above

78) In biostratigraphy the body of rocks are determined?

a) lithologically b) faunally c) a and

b d) none of the above

79) Rocks are said to be Cretaceous when?

a) having the same structure b) deposited at the same time c) contain the same thing d)non of the above

80) Matching of rock bodies or fossils found elsewhere with fossils in type section is _______?

a) mutation b) correlation c) fussion d)non of the above

81) The basic unit in biostratigraphy is the______?

a) system b) zone c) series d) stage

82) How many major types of zone do we have?

a)3 b) 5 c) 2 d) 8

83) Teil zone is a ________?

a) local area zone b) assemblage zone c) faccie zone d)non of the above

84) The peak zone represent______?

a) Zone of maximum species b) zone of sharp boundary c) a and b d) non of the above

86) The precambrian time is made up of _______ and ________

a) proterozoic and archeozoic b) pliocene and miocene c) paleocene and oligocene d) quaternary and
recent

87) The biostratigraphic equivalence of tailchron is?

a) biozone b) tailzone c) a and b d) none of the above

88) The stratigraphic plane that marks the important period of stratigraphy record is?

a) chronostratigraphy b) unconformity c) Discordance d)non of the above

89) Unconformities was first recognized by ?

a) John Joly

b) James Hutton 1788

c) Ursher James 1756

d) Brongniart 1935

90) The sandstone which Hutton saw resting on the silurian rock is of which age?

a) Triassic b) Devonian c) Ordovian d) Cambrian

91) The time interval that is missing in a stratigraphic plane is?

a) chronozone b) epidole c) hiatus d) asecun

92) _________ is the break of smaller magnitude?

a)hiatus b) diastem c) hamera d)

None of the above

93) Who defined unconformity as a temporary break in stratigraphic record?

a) Dunbar 1957 b) lynell 1963 c) Curvier 1956 d) all of the above

94) Lithology can be used to determine unconformities

a) true b) false c) nearly true d) partially true

95) All but one of the following is not a type of unconformity

a) cross bedding b) non conformity c) para conformity d) angular conformity

96) Unconformities is determined by all the following except?

A) evidence of erosion b) gap in stratigraphic record c) evidence of paleontologic record d) non of the
above

97) Beds are said to be conformable when _______?

a) when there is no break between beds b) when there is break between beds c) when they are of the
same origin d) non of the above

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