CP2105

S INGLE - C HIP USB TO D UAL UART B RIDGE

Single-Chip USB to Dual UART Data Transfer Standard UART Interface Features
Integrated USB transceiver; no external resistors Data format: 8 data bits, 1 Stop bit
required Parity:Even, Odd, No parity
Integrated clock; no external crystal required Baud rates: 2400 bps to 921600 bps
Integrated 296-Byte One-Time Programmable ROM for 288 Byte receive and transmit buffers
storing customizable product information Three GPIO signals for status and control
On-chip power-on reset circuit

On-chip voltage regulator: 3.45 V output

Virtual COM Port Device Drivers
Works with Existing COM Port PC Applications
USB Peripheral Function Controller Royalty-FreeDistribution License
USB Specification 2.0 compliant; full-speed (12 Mbps) Windows 7/Vista/XP/Server 2003/2000
USB Suspend states supported via SUSPEND pins Mac OS-X

Linux
Two UART Interfaces (“Enhanced” and “Standard”)
Flow control options: USBXpress™ Direct Driver Support
- Hardware (CTS / RTS) Royalty-FreeDistribution License
- Software (X-On / X-Off)
Windows 7/Vista/XP/Server 2003/2000
- No flow control
Configurable I/O (1.8 V to VDD) using VIO pin Windows CE 6.0, 5.0, and 4.2

Configurable I/O (VDD to 5 V) using external pull-up Supply Voltage

Allmodem interface signals available (when GPIO is not Self-powered: 3.0 to 3.6 V
used) USB bus powered: 4.0 to 5.25 V
I/O voltage: 1.8 V to VDD
Enhanced UART Interface Features
Data formats supported: Package
- Data bits: 5, 6, 7, and 8 RoHS-compliant 24-pin QFN (4 x 4 mm)
- Stop bits: 1, 1.5, and 2
- Parity: odd, even, mark, space, no parity Ordering Part Number
Baud rates: 300 bps to 2.0 Mbps
CP2105-F01-GM
320 Byte receive and transmit buffers

Two GPIO signals for status and control Temperature Range: –40 to +85 °C
RS-485 mode with bus transceiver control

CP2105
Connect to
REGIN
VBUS or Voltage 48 MHz Baud Rate ECI Clock SUSPEND / RI_ECI
External Supply VDD
Regulator Oscillator Generator SCI Clock NC / DCD_ECI / VPP

GPIO0_ECI / DTR_ECI
GND
Enhanced
USB Interface GPIO / Handshake 6
GPIO.1_ECI / DSR_ECI
UART
USB RTS_ECI and GPIO
Connector Control Signals
Data FIFOs CTS_ECI
VBUS
VBUS Full-Speed Peripheral RXD_ECI
D+ 320 B RX Enhanced UART
D+ 12 Mbps Function TXD_ECI
D-
D- Transceiver Controller 320 B TX (ECI)
GND
288 B RX Standard UART RXD_SCI

288 B TX (SCI) TXD_SCI

RTS_SCI
296 Byte PROM
6 Standard
(Product Customization) GPIO / Handshake CTS_SCI
UART
RST Control SUSPEND / RI_SCI and GPIO
GPIO.0_SCI / DCD_SCI Signals

Logic Level GPIO.1_SCI / DTR_SCI

VIO
Supply I/O Power and Logic Levels GPIO.2_SCI / DSR_SCI
(1.8V to VDD)

Figure 1. Example System Diagram

Rev. 1.2 9/21 Copyright © 2021 by Silicon Laboratories CP2105

CP2105
TABLE O F C ONTENTS

Section Page
1. System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
2. Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
3. Pinout and Package Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
4. QFN-24 Package Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. USB Function Controller and Transceiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1. ECI Baud Rate Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. GPIO Mode and Modem Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. GPIO Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.1. GPIO.0-1—Transmit and Receive Toggle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.2. GPIO.1_ECI—RS-485 Transceiver Bus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
8.3. Hardware Flow Control (RTS and CTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. One-Time Programmable ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
10. Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
11. CP2105 Device Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
11.1. Virtual COM Port Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
11.2. USBXpress Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
11.3. Driver Customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
11.4. Driver Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
12. Relevant Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13. Document Change List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
1. System Overview
The CP2105 is a highly integrated USB-to-Dual-UART Bridge Controller providing a simple solution for updating
RS-232 designs to USB using a minimum of components and PCB space. The CP2105 includes a USB 2.0 full-
speed function controller, USB transceiver, oscillator, one-time programmable ROM, and two asynchronous serial
data buses (UART) with full modem control signals in a compact 4 x 4 mm QFN-24 package (sometimes called
“MLF” or “MLP”).
The on-chip one-time programmable ROM may be used to customize the USB Vendor ID, Product ID, Product
Description String, Power Descriptor, Device Release Number, Interface Strings, Device Serial Number, and
Modem/GPIO configuration as desired for OEM applications.
Royalty-free Virtual COM Port (VCP) device drivers provided by Silicon Labs allow a CP2105-based product to
appear as two COM ports in PC applications. The CP2105 UART interfaces implement all RS-232 signals
including control and handshaking, so existing system firmware does not need to be modified. The device also
features a total of five GPIO signals that can be user-defined for status and control information. Support for
I/O interface voltages down to 1.8 V is provided via a VIO pin. Direct access driver support is also available through
the Silicon Labs USBXpress driver set. See www.silabs.com for the latest application notes and product support
information for the CP2105.
An evaluation kit for the CP2105 (Part Number: CP2105EK) is available. It includes a CP2105-based USB-to-
UART/RS-232 evaluation board, a complete set of VCP device drivers, USB and RS-232 cables, and full
documentation. Contact a Silicon Labs sales representatives or go to www.silabs.com to order the CP2105
Evaluation Kit.

Rev. 1.2 3
CP2105
2. Electrical Characteristics

Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

Ambient Temperature Under Bias –55 — 125 °C
Storage Temperature –65 — 150 °C
Voltage on RST, GPIO or UART Pins with respect to VIO > 2.2 V –0.3 — 5.8 V
GND VIO < 2.2 V –0.3 — VIO +
3.6
Voltage on VBUS with respect to GND VDD > 3.0 V –0.3 — 5.8 V
VDD not powered –0.3 — VDD +
3.6
Voltage on VDD or VIO with respect to GND –0.3 — 4.2 V
Maximum Total Current through VDD, VIO, and GND — — 500 mA
Maximum Output Current Sunk by RST or any I/O — — 100 mA
pin
Note: Stresses above those listed may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and functional
operation of the devices at or exceeding the conditions in the operation listings of this specification is not implied.
Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Table 2. Global DC Electrical Characteristics

VDD = 3.0 to 3.6 V, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

Digital Supply Voltage (VDD) 3.0 — 3.6 V
Digital Port I/O Supply Voltage (VIO) 1.8 — VDD V
Voltage on VPP with respect to GND during a VIO > 3.3 V 5.75 — VIO + V
ROM programming operation 3.6
Capacitor on VPP for ROM programming — 4.7 — µF
Supply Current1 Normal Operation; — 17 18.5 mA
VREG Enabled
Supply Current1 Suspended; — 100 220 µA
VREG Enabled
Supply Current - USB Pull-up2 — 200 228 µA
Specified Operating Temperature Range –40 — +85 °C
Notes:
1. If the device is connected to the USB bus, the USB Pull-up Current should be added to the supply current for total
supply current.
2. The USB Pull-up supply current values are calculated values based on USB specifications.

4 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105

Table 3. UART and Suspend I/O DC Electrical Characteristics

VDD = 3.0 to 3.6 V, VIO = 1.8 V to VDD, –40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Parameters Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

Output High Voltage (VOH) IOH = –10 µA VIO – 0.1 — —
IOH = –3 mA VIO – 0.2 — — V
IOH = –10 mA — VIO – 0.4 —
Output Low Voltage (VOL) IOL = 10 µA — — 0.1
IOL = 8.5 mA — — 0.4 V
IOL = 25 mA — 0.6 —
Input High Voltage (VIH) 0.7 x VIO — — V
Input Low Voltage (VIL) — — 0.6 V
Input Leakage Current Weak Pull-Up Off — — 1 µA
Weak Pull-Up On, VIO = 0 V — 25 50
Maximum Input Voltage Open drain, logic high (1) — — 5.8 V

Table 4. Reset Electrical Characteristics

–40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

RST Input High Voltage 0.75 x VIO — — V
RST Input Low Voltage — — 0.6 V
Minimum RST Low Time to 15 — — µs
Generate a System Reset
VDD Ramp Time for Power On — — 1 ms

Table 5. Voltage Regulator Electrical Specifications

–40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Units

Input Voltage Range 3.0 — 5.25 V
Output Voltage Output Current = 1 to 100 mA* 3.3 3.45 3.6 V
VBUS Detection Input Threshold 2.5 — — V
Bias Current — — 120 µA
*Note: The maximum regulator supply current is 100 mA. This includes the supply current of the CP2105.

Rev. 1.2 5
CP2105
Table 6. GPIO Output Specifications
–40 to +85 °C unless otherwise specified.

Parameter Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit

RS-485 Active Time After Stop Bit — 1 — bit time*

TX Toggle Rate — 7.5 — Hz
RX Toggle Rate — 7.5 — Hz
*Note: Bit-time is calculated as 1 / baud rate.

6 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
3. Pinout and Package Definitions

Table 7. CP2105 Pin Definitions

Name Pin # Type Description
VDD 6 Power In Power Supply Voltage Input.

Power Out Voltage Regulator Output. See Section 10.

VIO 5 Power In I/O Supply Voltage Input.
GND 2 Ground. Must be tied to ground.
RST 9 D I/O Device Reset. Open-drain output of internal POR or VDD monitor. An external
source can initiate a system reset by driving this pin low for the time specified
in Table 4.
REGIN 7 Power In 5 V Regulator Input. This pin is the input to the on-chip voltage regulator.
VBUS 8 D In VBUS Sense Input. This pin should be connected to the VBUS signal of a
USB network.
D+ 3 D I/O USB D+
D– 4 D I/O USB D–
SUSPEND 1* D Out In GPIO mode, this pin indicates whether the device is in the USB Suspend or
not. The polarity can be configured via the configuration PROM, and defaults
to active-low.

RI_SCI D In In modem control mode, this pin is the Ring Indicator control input (active low)
for the Standard Comm Interface.
GPIO.0_SCI 24* D I/O In GPIO mode, this pin is a user-configurable input or output for the Standard
Comm Interface.

DCD_SCI D In In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Carrier Detect control input
(active low) for the Standard Comm Interface.
GPIO.1_SCI 23* D I/O In GPIO mode, this pin is a user-configurable input or output for the Standard
Comm Interface.

DTR_SCI D Out In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Terminal Ready control output
(active low) for the Standard Comm Interface.
GPIO.2_SCI 22* D I/O In GPIO mode, this pin is a user-configurable input or output for the Standard
Comm Interface.

DSR_SCI D in In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Set Ready control input (active
low) for the Standard Comm Interface.
TXD_SCI 21 D Out Asynchronous data output (UART Transmit) for the Standard Comm Inter-
face.
RXD_SCI 20 D In Asynchronous data input (UART Receive) for the Standard Comm Interface.
RTS_SCI 19* D Out Ready to Send control output (active low) for the Standard Comm Interface.
*Note: Pins can be left unconnected when not used.

Rev. 1.2 7
CP2105
Table 7. CP2105 Pin Definitions (Continued)
Name Pin # Type Description
CTS_SCI 18* D In Clear To Send control input (active low) for the Standard Comm Interface.
SUSPEND 17* D Out In GPIO mode, this pin indicates whether the device is in the USB Suspend or
not. The polarity can be configured via the configuration PROM, and defaults
to active-low.

RI_ECI D In In modem control mode, this pin is the Ring Indicator control input (active low)
for the Standard Comm Interface.
NC 16* — In GPIO mode, this pin is not used.

DCD_ECI D In In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Carrier Detect control input
(active low) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.

VPP Special Additionally, in either mode programming of the configuration ROM via the
USB interface can be accomplished if a 4.7 F capacitor is connected
between this pin and GND.
GPIO.0_ECI 15* D I/O In GPIO mode, this pin is a user-configurable input or output for the
Enhanced Comm Interface.

DTR_ECI D Out In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Terminal Ready control output
(active low) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.
GPIO.1_ECI 14* D I/O In GPIO mode, this pin is a user-configurable input or output for the
Enhanced Comm Interface.

DSR_ECI D in In modem control mode, this pin is the Data Set Ready control input (active
low) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.
TXD_ECI 13 D Out Asynchronous data output (UART Transmit) for the Enhanced Comm Inter-
face.
RXD_ECI 12 D In Asynchronous data input (UART Receive) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.
RTS_ECI 11* D Out Ready to Send control output (active low) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.
CTS_ECI 10* D In Clear To Send control input (active low) for the Enhanced Comm Interface.
*Note: Pins can be left unconnected when not used.

8 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105

GPIO.0_SCI / DCD_SCI

GPIO.2_SCI / DSR_SCI
GPIO.1_SCI / DTR_SCI

RXD_SCI
TXD_SCI

RTS_SCI
24

23

22

21

20

19
SUSPEND / RI_SCI 1 18 CTS_SCI

GND 2 17 SUSPEND / RI_ECI

D+ 3
CP2105-GM 16 NC / DCD_ECI / VPP

D- 4 Top View 15 GPIO.0_ECI / DTR_ECI

VIO 5 14 GPIO.1_ECI / DSR_ECI

GND (optional)
VDD 6 13 TXD_ECI
10

11

12
7

9
REGIN

VBUS

RST

CTS_ECI

RTS_ECI

RXD_ECI

Figure 2. QFN-24 Pinout Diagram (Top View)

Rev. 1.2 9
CP2105
4. QFN-24 Package Specifications

Figure 3. QFN-24 Package Drawing

Table 8. QFN-24 Package Dimensions

Dimension Min Typ Max Dimension Min Typ Max
A 0.70 0.75 0.80 L 0.30 0.40 0.50
A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 L1 0.00 — 0.15
b 0.18 0.25 0.30 aaa — — 0.15
D 4.00 BSC. bbb — — 0.10
D2 2.55 2.70 2.80 ddd — — 0.05
e 0.50 BSC. eee — — 0.08
E 4.00 BSC. Z — 0.24 —
E2 2.55 2.70 2.80 Y — 0.18 —
Notes:
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. Dimensioning and Tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1994.
3. This drawing conforms to JEDEC Solid State Outline MO-220, variation WGGD except for
custom features D2, E2, Z, Y, and L, which are toleranced per supplier designation.
4. Recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small Body
Components.

10 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105

Figure 4. QFN-24 Recommended PCB Land Pattern

Table 9. QFN-24 PCB Land Pattern Dimensions

Dimension Min Max Dimension Min Max
C1 3.90 4.00 X2 2.70 2.80
C2 3.90 4.00 Y1 0.65 0.75
E 0.50 BSC Y2 2.70 2.80
X1 0.20 0.30
Notes:
General
1. All dimensions shown are in millimeters (mm) unless otherwise noted.
2. This Land Pattern Design is based on the IPC-7351 guidelines.

Solder Mask Design

3. All metal pads are to be non-solder mask defined (NSMD). Clearance between the solder
mask and the metal pad is to be 60 m minimum, all the way around the pad.

Stencil Design
4. A stainless steel, laser-cut and electro-polished stencil with trapezoidal walls should be used
to assure good solder paste release.
5. The stencil thickness should be 0.125 mm (5 mils).
6. The ratio of stencil aperture to land pad size should be 1:1 for all perimeter pads.
7. A 2x2 array of 1.10 x 1.10 mm openings on a 1.30 mm pitch should be used for the center
pad.

Card Assembly
8. A No-Clean, Type-3 solder paste is recommended.
9. The recommended card reflow profile is per the JEDEC/IPC J-STD-020 specification for Small
Body Components.

Rev. 1.2 11
CP2105
5. USB Function Controller and Transceiver
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) function controller in the CP2105 is a USB 2.0 compliant full-speed device with
integrated transceiver and on-chip matching and pullup resistors. The USB function controller manages all data
transfers between the USB and the UARTs as well as command requests generated by the USB host controller
and commands for controlling the function of the UARTs and GPIO pins.
The USB Suspend and Resume states are supported for power management of both the CP2105 device as well as
external circuitry. The CP2105 will enter Suspend mode when Suspend signaling is detected on the bus. On
entering Suspend mode, the SUSPEND signals will be asserted if the corresponding interface is configured for
GPIO mode. SUSPEND is also asserted after a CP2105 reset until device configuration during USB Enumeration
is complete. SUSPEND is active-low by default, but can be configured using the PROM to be active high.
The CP2105 exits the Suspend mode when any of the following occur: Resume signaling is detected or generated,
a USB Reset signal is detected, or a device reset occurs. On exit of Suspend mode the SUSPEND signal is de-
asserted. SUSPEND is weakly pulled to VIO in a high impedance state during a CP2105 reset. If this behavior is
undesirable, a strong pulldown (10 k) can be used to ensure SUSPEND remains low during reset.
The logic level and output mode (push-pull or open-drain) of various pins during USB Suspend is configurable in
the PROM. See Section 9 for more information.

6. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interfaces

The CP2105 contains two UART interfaces, known as the Enhanced Communications Interface (ECI) and
Standard Communications Interface (SCI)
Each UART interface consists of the TXD (transmit) and RXD (receive) data signals as well as RTS and CTS flow
control signals. Optionally, the modem control signals DSR, DTR, DCD, and RI can be enabled for each interface.
If modem control signals are not required for the application, these pins can be configured to operate with alternate
functions, such as GPIO and SUSPEND signals. The UARTs support RTS/CTS, DSR/DTR, and X-On/X-Off
handshaking. The UARTs are programmable to support a variety of data formats and baud rates. The ECI supports
several additional UART configuration options beyond those supported by the SCI. If the Virtual COM Port drivers
are used, the data format and baud rate are set during COM port configuration on the PC. If the USBXpress drivers
are used, the CP2105 is configured through the USBXpress API. The data formats and baud rates available to
each interface are listed in Table 10.

Table 10. Data Formats and Baud Rates

Interface Enhanced Communication Interface (ECI) Standard Communication Interface (SCI)
Data Bits1 5, 6, 7, and 8 8
Stop Bits 1, 1.52, and 2 1
Parity Type None, Even, Odd, Mark, Space None, Even, Odd
Baud Rate 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800,
300 bps to 2.0 Mbps3 38400, 56000, 57600, 115200, 128000,
230400, 460800, 921600
Notes:
1. Data sizes of 5 and 6 bits are not supported at baud rates above 921600 bps.
2. 1.5 stop bits only available when using 5 data bits.
3. See “6.1. ECI Baud Rate Generation” for more details on possible baud rates for the ECI interface.

12 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
6.1. ECI Baud Rate Generation
The baud rate generator for the enhanced interface is very flexible, allowing the user to request any baud rate in
the range from 300 bps to 2.0 Mbps. If the baud rate cannot be directly generated from the 48 MHz oscillator, the
device will choose the closest possible option. The actual baud rate is dictated by Equation 1 and Equation 2.

48 MHz Prescale = 4 if Requested Baud Rate  365 bps

Clock Divider = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  Prescale  Requested Baud Rate Prescale = 1 if Requested Baud Rate  365 bps
Equation 1. Clock Divider Calculation

48 MHz Prescale = 4 if Requested Baud Rate  365 bps

Actual Baud Rate = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  Prescale  Clock Divider Prescale = 1 if Requested Baud Rate  365 bps
Equation 2. Baud Rate Calculation
Most baud rates can be generated with an error of less than 1.0%. A general rule of thumb for the majority of UART
applications is to limit the baud rate error on both the transmitter and the receiver to no more than ±2%. The clock
divider value obtained in Equation 1 is rounded to the nearest integer, which may produce an error source. Another
error source will be the 48 MHz oscillator, which is accurate to ±0.25%. Knowing the actual and requested baud
rates, the total baud rate error can be found using Equation 3.

Actual Baud Rate

Baud Rate Error (%) = 100   1 – -----------------------------------------------------------  0.25%
 Requested Baud Rate
Equation 3. Baud Rate Error Calculation
The UART also supports the transmission of a line break. It can be set to transmit indefinitely until a stop command
is sent from the application.

7. GPIO Mode and Modem Mode

Each interface on the CP2105 can be configured in either GPIO Mode or Modem Mode. This allows the SCI and
ECI to have either modem control signals or GPIO signals available at various pins. Table 11 shows the functions
that are available in each mode.By default, both interfaces are configured for GPIO Mode.

Table 11. CP2105 Modem Mode and GPIO Mode

Interface Pin # Modem Mode GPIO Mode

24 DCD_SCI GPIO_0_SCI
Standard 23 DTR_SCI GPIO_1_SCI
Communications
Interface 22 DSR_SCI GPIO_2_SCI

1 RI_SCI SUSPEND_SCI

15 DTR_ECI GPIO_0_ECI
Enhanced
Communications 14 DSR_ECI GPIO_1_ECI
Interface
17 RI_ECI SUSPEND_ECI

Only one mode can be selected for each interface. Also, the mode of the CP2105 can only be configured once and
cannot be reset to the default configuration after being programmed. Refer to “AN223: Runtime GPIO Control for
CP210x” for more information on how to configure the port pins of the CP2105.

Rev. 1.2 13
CP2105
8. GPIO Pins
The CP2105 supports five user-configurable GPIO pins for status and control information. The Standard
Communication Interface (SCI) has three GPIO pins and the Enhanced Communication Interface (ECI) has two
GPIO pins. To use the pins as GPIO pins, the interface with the GPIO pins must be configured in GPIO Mode. By
default, both communication interfaces on the CP2105 are configured for GPIO Mode. If the Modem Control
signals are needed, the interface must be configured for Modem Mode. See Section 7 for more information on
Modem Mode.
Each of these GPIO pins are usable as inputs, open-drain outputs, or push-pull outputs. Four of the GPIO pins also
have alternate functions listed in Table 12 (GPIO.2_SCI does not have an alternate function).

Table 12. GPIO Mode Alternate Functions

GPIO Pin Alternate Function

GPIO.0_ECI TX Toggle

GPIO.1_ECI RX Toggle/RS-485 Transceiver Control

GPIO.0_SCI TX Toggle

GPIO.1_SCI RX Toggle

By default, all of the GPIO pins are configured as a GPIO input. The configuration of the pins is one-time
programmable for each device. The difference between an open-drain output and a push-pull output is when the
GPIO output is driven to logic high. A logic high, open-drain output pulls the pin to the VIO rail through an internal,
pull-up resistor. A logic high, push-pull output directly connects the pin to the VIO voltage. Open-drain outputs are
typically used when interfacing to logic at a higher voltage than the VIO pin. These pins can be safely pulled to the
higher, external voltage through an external pull-up resistor. The maximum external pull-up voltage is 5 V.
The speed of reading and writing the GPIO pins is subject to the timing of the USB bus. GPIO pins configured as
inputs or outputs are not recommended for real-time signalling.
More information regarding the configuration and usage of these pins can be found in “AN721: CP21xx Device
Customization Guide” and “AN223: Runtime GPIO Control for CP210x” available on the Silicon Labs website.
8.1. GPIO.0-1—Transmit and Receive Toggle
GPIO.0 and GPIO.1 are configurable as Transmit Toggle and Receive Toggle pins for both the Enhanced
Communication Interface and the Standard Communication Interface. These pins are logic high when a device is
not transmitting or receiving data, and they toggle at a fixed rate as specified in Table 6 when data transfer is in
progress. Typically, these pins are connected to two LEDs to indicate data transfer.

VIO

CP2105

GPIO.0 – TX Toggle

GPIO.1 – RX Toggle

Figure 5. Transmit and Receive Toggle Typical Connection Diagram

14 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
8.2. GPIO.1_ECI—RS-485 Transceiver Bus Control
GPIO.1_ECI is configurable as an RS-485 bus transceiver control pin or the Enhanced Communication Interface
which is connected to the DE and RE inputs of the transceiver. When configured for RS-485 mode, the pin is
asserted during UART data transmission as well as line break transmission and the RX Toggle mode is not
available. The RS-485 mode of GPIO.1_ECI is active-high by default, and is also configurable for active-low mode.

CP2105 RS-485
Transceiver

TX R
RX D
GPIO.1_ECI – RS485 RE
DE

Figure 6. RS-485 Transceiver Typical Connection Diagram

Rev. 1.2 15
CP2105
8.3. Hardware Flow Control (RTS and CTS)
To utilize the functionality of the RTS and CTS pins of the CP2105, the device must be configured to use hardware
flow control.
RTS, or Ready To Send, is an active-low output from the CP2105 and indicates to the external UART device that
the CP2105’s UART RX FIFO has not reached the watermark level of 191 bytes on the Enhanced Communication
interface or 63 bytes on the Standard Communication Interface and is ready to accept more data. When the
amount of data in the RX FIFO reaches the watermark, the CP2105 pulls RTS high to indicate to the external
UART device to stop sending data.
CTS, or Clear To Send, is an active-low input to the CP2105 and is used by the external UART device to indicate to
the CP2105 when the external UART device’s RX FIFO is getting full. The CP2105 will not send more than two
bytes of data once CTS is pulled high.

CP2105 RS232
System

TX TX
RX RX
RTS RTS
CTS CTS

Figure 7. Hardware Flow Control Typical Connection Diagram

16 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
9. One-Time Programmable ROM
The CP2105 includes an internal one-time programmable ROM that may be used to customize the USB Vendor ID
(VID), Product ID (PID), Product Description String, Power Descriptor, Device Release Number, Interface Strings,
and Device Serial Number as desired for OEM applications. If the programmable ROM has not been programmed,
the default configuration data shown in Table 13 and Table 14 is used.

Table 13. Default USB Configuration Data

Name Value
Vendor ID 10C4h
Product ID EA70h
Power Descriptor (Attributes) 80h (Bus-powered)
Power Descriptor (Max. Power) 32h (100 mA)
Release Number 0100h (Release Version 01.00)
Serial String Unique 8 character ASCII string (16 characters maximum)
Product Description String “CP2105 USB to UART Bridge Controller” (47 characters maximum)
ECI Interface String “Enhanced COM Port” (32 characters maximum)
ECI Operating Mode GPIO mode
SCI Interface String “Standard COM Port” (32 characters maximum)
SCI Operating Mode GPIO mode

Table 14. Default GPIO, UART, and Suspend Configuration Data

Name Value
GPIO.0_ECI/DTR_ECI GPIO Input
GPIO.1_ECI/DSR_ECI GPIO Input
GPIO.0_SCI/DCD_SCI GPIO Input
GPIO.1_SCI/DTR_SCI GPIO Input
GPIO.2_SCI/DSR_SCI GPIO Input
Flush_Buffers Flush ECI and SCI TX and RX FIFO on open
SUSPEND/RI_ECI Push-pull, Active-Low
SUSPEND/RI_SCI Push-pull, Active-Low
RS-485 Level Active-High

While customization of the USB configuration data is optional, customizing the VID/PID combination is strongly
recommended. A unique VID/PID combination will prevent the driver from conflicting with any other USB driver
from a different manufacturer’s product. A vendor ID can be obtained from www.usb.org or Silicon Labs can
provide a free PID for the OEM product that can be used with the Silicon Labs VID. Device serialization is done at
the factory to guarantee the ability to uniquely identify a specific device on the USB bus and other applications.
This is accomplished by setting the serial number descriptor string that may be queried by the host. By default, a
unique 32-bit serial number will be generated for each device at the factory. This number will be converted to an
eight-character hexadecimal string. Custom serialization can also be requested.
The configuration data ROM can be programmed by Silicon Labs prior to shipment with the desired configuration
information. It can also be programmed in-system over the USB interface by adding a capacitor to the PCB. If the
configuration ROM is to be programmed in-system, a 4.7 µF capacitor must be added between the NC/DCD_ECI/
VPP pin and ground. No other circuitry should be connected to NC/DCD_ECI/VPP during a programming
operation, and VDD must remain at 3.3 V or higher to successfully write to the configuration ROM.

Rev. 1.2 17
CP2105
10. Voltage Regulator
The CP2105 includes an on-chip 5 to 3.45 V voltage regulator. This allows the CP2105 to be configured as either a
USB bus-powered device or a USB self-powered device. A typical connection diagram of the device in a bus-
powered application using the regulator is shown in Figure 8. When enabled, the voltage regulator output appears
on the VDD pin and can be used to power external devices. See Table 5 for the voltage regulator electrical
characteristics.
If it is desired to use the regulator to provide VDD in a self-powered application, the same connections from
Figure 8 can be used, but connect REGIN to an on-board 5 V supply, and disconnect it from the VBUS pin. In
addition, if REGIN may be unpowered while VBUS is 5 V, a resistor divider shown in Note 5 of Figure 9 is required
to meet the absolute maximum voltage on VBUS specification in Table 1.

VIO Note 2

4.7 k

Note 3 VIO
CP2105 RST

SUSPEND / RI_ECI
3.45 V Power
VDD NC / DCD_ECI / VPP Note 4
GPIO0_ECI / DTR_ECI
1-5 F 0.1 F Enhanced
GPIO.1_ECI / DSR_ECI UART
RTS_ECI and GPIO
Signals
REGIN CTS_ECI
RXD_ECI
1 F
TXD_ECI

GND RXD_SCI
USB TXD_SCI
Connector
RTS_SCI
VBUS VBUS Standard
CTS_SCI UART
D+ D+ and GPIO
SUSPEND / RI_SCI
D- D- Signals
GPIO.0_SCI / DCD_SCI
GND
GPIO.1_SCI / DTR_SCI
GPIO.2_SCI / DSR_SCI

Note 1

Note 1 : Avalanche transient voltage suppression diodes compatible with Full-speed USB should be
added at the connector for ESD protection. Use Littelfuse p/n SP0503BAHT or equivalent.
Note 2 : An external pull-up is not required, but can be added for noise immunity.
Note 3 : VIO can be connected directly to VDD or to a supply as low as 1.8 V to set the I/O interface
voltage.
Note 4 : If configuration ROM is to be programmed via USB, a 4.7 F capacitor must be added
between NC / DCD_ECI / VPP and ground. During a programming operation, the pin should
not be connected to other circuitry, and VDD must be at least 3.3 V.
Figure 8. Typical Bus-Powered Connection Diagram

18 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
Alternatively, if 3.0 to 3.6 V power is supplied to the VDD pin, the CP2105 can function as a USB self-powered
device with the voltage regulator bypassed. For this configuration, the REGIN input should be tied to VDD to bypass
the voltage regulator. A typical connection diagram showing the device in a self-powered application with the
regulator bypassed is shown in Figure 9.
The USB max power and power attributes descriptor must match the device power usage and configuration. See
application note “AN721: CP21xx Device Customization Guide” for information on how to customize USB
descriptors for the CP2105.

VIO Note 2

4.7 k

Note 3 VIO
CP2105 RST

SUSPEND / RI_ECI
VDD NC / DCD_ECI / VPP Note 4
GPIO0_ECI / DTR_ECI
3.3 V Enhanced
REGIN
Power GPIO.1_ECI / DSR_ECI UART
RTS_ECI and GPIO
Signals
CTS_ECI
1-5 F 0.1 F RXD_ECI
TXD_ECI

GND RXD_SCI
TXD_SCI
RTS_SCI
Note 5 Standard
(Optional) 24 k CTS_SCI UART
VBUS SUSPEND / RI_SCI and GPIO
USB Signals
Connector 47 k GPIO.0_SCI / DCD_SCI

VBUS GPIO.1_SCI / DTR_SCI

D+ D+ GPIO.2_SCI / DSR_SCI

D- D-
GND

Note 1

Note 1 : Avalanche transient voltage suppression diodes compatible with Full-speed USB should be
added at the connector for ESD protection. Use Littelfuse p/n SP0503BAHT or equivalent.
Note 2 : An external pull-up is not required, but can be added for noise immunity.
Note 3 : VIO can be connected directly to VDD or to a supply as low as 1.8 V to set the I/O interface
voltage.
Note 4 : If configuration ROM is to be programmed via USB, a 4.7 F capacitor must be added
between NC / DCD_ECI / VPP and ground. During a programming operation, the pin should
not be connected to other circuitry, and VDD must be at least 3.3 V.
Note 5 : For self-powered systems where VDD and VIO may be unpowered when VBUS is connected
to 5 V, a resistor divider (or functionally-equivalent circuit) on VBUS is required to meet the
absolute maximum voltage on VBUS specification in the Electrical Characteristics section.

Figure 9. Typical Self-Powered Connection Diagram (Regulator Bypass)

Rev. 1.2 19
CP2105
11. CP2105 Device Drivers
There are two sets of device drivers available for CP2105 devices: the Virtual COM Port (VCP) drivers and the
USBXpress Direct Access drivers. Only one set of drivers is necessary to interface with the device.
The latest drivers are available at http://www.silabs.com/products/mcu/Pages/SoftwareDownloads.aspx.
11.1. Virtual COM Port Drivers
The CP2105 Virtual COM Port (VCP) device drivers allow a CP2105-based device to appear to the PC's
application software as two COM ports. Application software running on the PC accesses the CP2105-based
device as it would access two standard hardware COM ports. However, actual data transfer between the PC and
the CP2105 device is performed over the USB interface. Therefore, existing COM port applications may be used to
transfer data via the USB to the CP2105-based device without modifying the application. See application note
“AN197: Serial Communications Guide for the CP210x” for Example Code for Interfacing to a CP2105 using the
Virtual COM drivers.
11.2. USBXpress Drivers
The Silicon Labs USBXpress drivers provide an alternate solution for interfacing with CP2105 devices. No serial
port protocol expertise is required. Instead, a simple, high-level application program interface (API) is used to
provide simpler CP210x connectivity and functionality. The USBXpress for CP210x Development Kit includes
Windows device drivers, Windows device driver installer and uninstallers, and a host interface function library (host
API) provided in the form of a Windows dynamic link library (DLL). The USBXpress driver set is recommended for
new products that also include new PC software. The USBXpress interface is described in application note
“AN169: USBXpress Programmer's Guide.”
11.3. Driver Customization
In addition to customizing the device as described in "6. Asynchronous Serial Data Bus (UART) Interfaces" on
page 12, the drivers and the drivers installation package can be also be customized. See application note “AN220:
USB Driver Customization” for more information on generating customized VCP and USBXpress drivers.
Important Note: The VID/PID in the drivers must match the VID/PID in the device for the drivers to load properly
then the device is connected to the PC.
11.4. Driver Certification
The default drivers for the CP2105 are Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality Labs (WHQL) certified. The
certification means that the drivers have been tested by Microsoft and their latest operating systems will allow the
drivers to be installed without any warnings or errors.
The customized drivers that are generated using the AN220 software are not automatically certified. To become
certified, they must go first through the Microsoft Driver Reseller Submission process. Contact Silicon Labs support
for assistance with this process.

20 Rev. 1.2
 CP2105
12. Relevant Application Notes
The following Application Notes are applicable to the CP2105. The latest versions of these application notes and
their accompanying software are available at www.silabs.com/interface-appnotes.

 AN721: CP21xx Device Customization Guide. This application note describes how to use the AN721
software CP21xxCustomizationUtility to configure the USB parameters on the CP21xx devices.
 AN169: USBXpress Programmer's Guide. This application note describes the USBXpress API interface and
includes example code.
 AN197: Serial Communications Guide for the CP210x. This application note describes how to use the
standard Windows COM port function to communicate with the CP210x and includes example code.
 AN220: USB Driver Customization. This application note describes how to use the AN220 software to
customize the VCP or USBXpress drivers with OEM information.
 AN223: Runtime GPIO Control for CP210x. This application note describes how to use the CP210xRuntime
DLL to control the CP210x GPIO.

Rev. 1.2 21
CP2105
13. Document Change List
Revision 0.1 to Revision 0.5
 Updated ordering part number on page 1.
 Updated electrical specifications throughout Section
2.
 Added information on VPP pin in Section 3.
 Added Section 7.
 Updated Section 8.
 Updated Section 9.
Revision 0.5 to Revision 1.0
 Removed preliminary language.
Revision 1.0 to Revision 1.1
 Added a row for VBUS in Table 1, “Absolute
Maximum Ratings,” on page 4.
 Added VDD Ramp Time for Power On specification
to Table 4, “Reset Electrical Characteristics,” on
page 5.
 Added VPP Voltage and Capacitor specifications to
Table 2, “Global DC Electrical Characteristics,” on
page 4.
 Updated AN144 references to AN721.
 Updated "10. Voltage Regulator" on page 18 to add
absolute maximum voltage on VBUS requirements
in self-powered systems.
Revision 1.1 to Revision 1.2
 Updated the programmable time for the line break in
"6.1. ECI Baud Rate Generation" on page 13.
 Updated the information about serialization of
CP210x in"9. One-Time Programmable ROM" on
page 17.

22 Rev. 1.2
 Smart. Connected.
Energy-Friendly.

IoT Portfolio Quality Support & Community

www.silabs.com/products www.silabs.com/quality www.silabs.com/community

Disclaimer
Silicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software imple-
menters using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each
specific device, and “Typical” parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon
Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the
accuracy or completeness of the included information. Without prior notification, Silicon Labs may update product firmware during the manufacturing process for security or
reliability reasons. Such changes will not alter the specifications or the performance of the product. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the infor-
mation supplied in this document. This document does not imply or expressly grant any license to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or
authorized to be used within any FDA Class III devices, applications for which FDA premarket approval is required or Life Support Systems without the specific written consent
of Silicon Labs. A “Life Support System” is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in
significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used
in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Silicon Labs disclaims
all express and implied warranties and shall not be responsible or liable for any injuries or damages related to use of a Silicon Labs product in such unauthorized applications.
Note: This content may contain offensive terminology that is now obsolete. Silicon Labs is replacing these terms with inclusive language wherever possible. For more
information, visit www.silabs.com/about-us/inclusive-lexicon-project

Trademark Information
Silicon Laboratories Inc. ® , Silicon Laboratories ® , Silicon Labs ® , SiLabs ® and the Silicon Labs logo ® , Bluegiga ® , Bluegiga Logo ® , EFM ® , EFM32 ® , EFR, Ember® , Energy Micro, Energy
Micro logo and combinations thereof, “the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers”, Redpine Signals ® , WiSeConnect , n-Link, ThreadArch ® , EZLink® , EZRadio ® , EZRadioPRO ® ,
Gecko ® , Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, Precision32 ® , Simplicity Studio ® , Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo ® , USBXpress ® , Zentri, the Zentri logo and Zentri DMS, Z-Wave ® , and others
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered
trademark of ARM Limited. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.

Silicon Laboratories Inc.

400 West Cesar Chavez
Austin, TX 78701
USA

www.silabs.com