Course Outline (Semester - V)

Course Title: Mathematics for Chemist

Course Code: MATH3116
Credit Hours: 2(2+0)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The essential tools of calculus.
 The application of these concepts and the techniques in their respective
disciplines.
Course Outlines:
Preliminaries: Real numbers and the real line,Functions and their graphs: Polynomial
functions, Rational functions, Trigonometric functions, Transcendental functions.
Slope of a line, Equation of a line, Solution of equations involving absolute values,
Inequalities, Limits and Continuity, Limit of a function, Left hand and right hand
limits, Continuity, Continuous functions.
Differentiation: Derivatives and its applications, Differentiation of polynomial,
Rational and transcendental functions, Extreme values of functions.
Integration: Integration and indefinite integrals, Integration by substitution,
Integration by parts, Change of variables in indefinite integrals, Least-squares line.

Recommended Books:
th
 Thomas. Calculus. Addison Wesley publishing company, 2005;11 Ed.
th
 Anton, H; Bevens, I; Davis, S. Calculus. John Wiley & Sons, 2005; 8 Ed.
 Hughes-Hallett; Gleason; McCallum. Calculus Single and Multivariable. John
rd
Wiley & Sons, 2002;3 Ed.
th
 Frank, A; Elliott, M. Calculus. Schaum‟s Outline Series.1999;4 Ed.
 Swokowski, E. W. Calculus and Analytic Geometry. P. W. S.
Publishers:Boston, 1983.
 John, H. Mathews. Numerical Methods for Mathematics Science and
nd
Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1992; 2 Ed.

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Course Title: Chemistry of Transition Elements
Course Code: CHEM3111
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The physical and chemical properties of d & f-block elements on the basis of
their electronic configurations.
 The structures of coordination compounds through development of
understanding of VBT, CFT and MOT.
Course Outlines:
Chemistry of d-Block Elements and Coordination Complexes:
Back ground of coordination chemistry, General chemical and physical properties of
transition elements, Comparison of the elements of first transition series (3d) with
those of second (4d) and third (5d) series,Nomenclature and structure of coordination
complexes with coordination number 2-6, Chelates and chelate effect, Theories of
coordination complexes, Werner's theory, Valence Bond Theory (VBT), Crystal Field
Theory (CFT) and Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), Sidgwick„s electronic
interpretation of coordination,Effective atomic number (EAN), Jahn-Teller theorem,
Magnetic properties, Spectral properties, Isomerism, Stereochemistry, Stability
constants of coordination complexes.
Chemistry of f-Block Elements:
Lanthanides, General characteristics, Occurrence, Extraction and general principles of
separation, Electronic structure and position in the periodic table, Lanthanides
contraction, Oxidation states, Spectral and magnetic properties and uses.
Actinides, General characteristics, Electronic structure, Oxidation state and position in
the periodic table, Synthesis of trans uranium elements, Comparison of d and f block
elements, Half-life and decay law.
Practicals:
1. Preparations of following Inorganic Complexes:
a) Tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate
b) Potassiumtri oxalate chromate (III)
c) Potassiumtri oxalate aluminate (III)
d) Cis-potassium di oxalate diaquachromate (III).

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 2. Determination of zinc and cadmium by complexometric titration.
3. Chromatographic separations of transition metals.
4. Separation of Ni2+& Co2+, Ni2+& Cu2+and Cu2+& Fe2+ ions in a mixture by
paper chromatography.
5. Spectrophotometric determination of iron, manganese and nickel.

Recommended Books:
 Cotton, F.A, Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A., Bochmann, M. Advanced
Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, 1999; 6thEd.
 Housecraft, C., Sharpe, A. G. Inorganic Chemistry. Prentice Hall, 2012; 4thEd.
 Miessler, G.L., Tarr, D.A. Inorganic Chemistry. Pearson-Prentice Hall
International, 2010; 4thEd.

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Course Title: Stereochemistry and Reaction Mechanism
Course Code: CHEM3112
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will gain knowledge about:
 The stereochemical behavior of organic molecules.
 An ability to propose mechanism of simple reactions.
Course Outlines:
Stereochemistry: Types of stereoisomers, RS and EZ notation for stereoisoners,
Optical isomerism in biphenyl, allene and spiro compounds, Concept of racimization
and resolution of racemic mixture, Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity of organic
reactions, Felkin Ahn Model, Conformational isomerism of Cyclobutane,
Cyclopentane, Cyclohexane, Mono-substituted, Di-substituted Cyclohexanes and
condensed rings
Organic Reactions and Mechanism:Stereochemical aspects of aliphaticaddition,
substitution and elimination reactions, Concept of energy profile, Transition state and
intermediate.
Practicals:
1. Experiments using polarimeter such as to determine optical activity of a sugar
solution and to determine sugar concentration by polarimeter
2. Isomerization of maleic acid.
3. Experiments involving aliphatic addition, Elimination and substitution
reactions, Synthesis of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol, Addition reaction to
cyclohexene.
4. Synthesis of a chalcone explaining the concept of condensation and
dehydration.
5. N-Alkylation of phthalimide.

Recommended Books:
 Robert, T.M; Robert, N.B. Organic Chemistry.Prentice Hall:New Jersey,
1992; 6thEd.
 John, E.M. Organic Chemistry. Brooks/Cole Publishing Co: USA, 2012;
8thEd.
 Younas, M.A. Textbook of Organic Chemistry. Ilmi Kitab Khana, Urdu
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 Bazar: Lahore, 2006.
 Morris, D.G. Stereochemistry (Basic Concepts in Chemistry). Wiley-RSC,
2002.
 Mislow, K. Introduction to Stereochemistry. Dover Publications, 2003.
 David, M. Stereochemistry (Tutorial Chemistry Texts). Royal Society of
Chemistry, 2002.
 Furniss, B.S; Hannaford, A.J; Smith, P.W.G; Tatchell, A.R. Vogel‟s
Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry.Longman: UK, 1989; 5thEd.
 Mohan, J. Organic Analytical Chemistry, Theory and Practice. Alpha Science
International, 2003; 1stEd.
 Seiler, J.P. Good Laboratory Practice: The Why and the How. Springer, 2005;
2ndEd.
 Brown, W.H; Fotte, C.S; Iverson, B.L; Anslyn, E.V. Organic Chemistry.
Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012; 6thEd.
 Solomon‟s, T.W.G; Fryhle, C.B. Organic Chemistry.John-Wiley & Sons,
2011; 10thEd.
 Pavia, D.L; Kriz, G.S; Lampman, G.M;Engel, R.G.A Microscale Approach to
Organic Laboratory Techniques. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2013; 5thEd.
 Eames, J; Peach, J. M. Stereochemistry at a Glance. Blackwell Science, 2003.
 Eliel, E.L; Wilen, S.H; Doyle, M.P. Basic Organic Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2001.
 Eliel, E.L; Wilen, S.H. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. John-Wiley
& Sons, 1994.

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Course Title: Quantum Chemistry and Gas Phase Equilibrium
Course Code: CHEM3113
Credit Hours: 4 (3+1)
Objectives:
The students will acquire knowledge about:
 The principles and theoretical background of quantum chemistry, kinetics
theory of gases and phase equilibrium.
 Various aspects of quantum mechanics, gas kinetic behavior and
thermodynamics and phase equilibrium.
Course Outlines:
Quantum Chemistry: Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Line spectra of
elements, Bohratomic model, Wave and particle nature of matter, De Broglie‟s
equation,Young‟s double slit experiment, Heisenberg‟s uncertainty principle,
Wavefunctions and Born interpretation of wavefunctions, Probability density,
Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation,
Wavefunctions for hydrogen-like atomic orbitals, Radial distribution functions,
Shielding and penetration, Effective nuclear charge, Orbital energies, Periodic trends
in the properties of the elements in the periodic table.
Kinetic Theory of Gases: Probability density for molecular speeds of gas molecules,
Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds, Average speeds, Pressure of an ideal gas,
Calculation of molecular speeds, Binary collisions, Effusion and mean free paths,
Maxwell-Boltzmann‟s law of energy distribution, Method for the determination of the
Avogadro‟s number (NA), Statistical probability and entropy.
Phase Equilibrium: Gibbs phase rule, Phase diagrams of one component and two
component systems, Gibbs energy and the phase diagram of a substance, Clausius-
Clapeyron equation, Vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary liquid mixtures, Binary phase
diagrams and lever rule.
Practicals:
1. The determination of equilibrium constant of the KI + I2 = KI3 reaction.
2. The determination of kinetics of saponification of ethyl acetate.
3. The determination of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose.
4. The determination of partial molar volumes.
5. The study of the adsorption isotherms of acetic acid-charcoal system.

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 6. The study of the charge transfer complex formation between iodine and
benzene.
7. The determination of activation energy for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of
ethylacetate.

Recommended Books:
 Silbey, R.J; Alberty, R.A; Bawendi, M.G. Physical Chemistry. John-Wiley &
Sons, 2005; 4thEd.
 McQuarrie, D.A; Simon, J.D. Physical Chemistry-A
MolecularApproach.University Science Books, 1997; 1stEd.
 Atkins, P; Paula, J.D. Atkin‟s Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press,
2010; 9thEd.
 Moore. W.J. Physical Chemistry.Longman Publisher, 1972; 4thEd.
 Keeler. J; Wothers, P. Chemical Structure and Reactivity: AnIntegrated
Approach, Oxford University Press, 2008; 1stEd.
 Helpern, A.M. Experimental Physical Chemistry: A Laboratory Textbook.
Prentice Hall, 1997; 2ndEd.
 Garland, C.W; Nibler, J.W; Shoemaker, D. Experiments inPhysical
Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, 2003; 8thEd.
 Born, M. Atomic Physics. Blackie & Son Ltd, 1969; 8thEd.
 Atkins, P; Jones, L. Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. W.H.
Freeman: New York, 2010; 5thEd.
 James, A.M; Prichard, F.E. Practical Physical Chemistry. Longman Group
Limited: New York, 1974;3rdEd.

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Course Title: Advanced Analytical Chemistry
Course Code: CHEM3114
Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Objectives:
The students will be able to:
 Understand the basics principles, instrumental aspects and applications of
separation andspectrophotometric analytical methods.
Course Outlines:
Separation Methods: Principle of solvent extraction, Solvent extraction of metals,
Analytical separations, Multiple batch extraction, Counter current distribution, Solid-
phase extraction, Principles of chromatography, Classification of chromatographic
techniques, Overview of paper, Thin layer, Column, Ion exchange chromatography
and electrophoresis.
Analytical Spectrophotometry: Properties of light and its interaction with matter,
Relation between frequency, Velocity and wave number, Lambert-Beer‟s law and its
limitations, Single beam and double beam spectrophotometers, Monochromators,
Detectors, Photomultiplier tube, Photodiode array, Charged coupled device, FT-IR
spectroscopy, Signal/ Noise ratio.
Practicals:
1. Separation of phenol from given organic mixture using solvent extraction.
2. Separation of given mixture of cations using paper chromatography.
3. Analysis of the composition of a mixture of nitro anilines by TLC.
4. Separation of sugars using paper chromatography.
5. Separation of amino acids using paper/thin layer chromatography.
6. Deionization and softening of water using ion exchange chromatography.
7. Determination of λ max of KMnO4 solutions and verification by Beer-
Lambert‟s Law.
8. Determination of λmax K2Cr2O7 solutions and verification of Beer-Lambert‟s
law.
9. Determination of stoichiometry of a metal complex by visible spectrometry.
10. Determination of aspirin and caffeine in a proprietary analgesic by
doublebeam UV-Vis spectrometer.
11. Quantification of iron in a given sample by using single

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 beamspectrophotometer.
12. A study of characteristics infrared absorption frequencies.

Recommended Books:
 Skoog, D.A; West, P.M; Holler, F.J; Crouch, S.R. Fundamentals ofAnalytical
Chemistry. Brooks Cole Publishing Company, 2013; 9thEd.
 Harris, D.C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. W.H. Freeman andCompany:
New York, 2011; 8thEd.
 Christian, G.D. Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons: NewYork, 2006;
6thEd.
 Kealey, D; Haines, P.J. BIOS Instant Notes in Analytical Chemistry. Bios
Saence Publisher: Oxford& UK, 2002; 1stEd.
 Pavia, D.L; Lampman, G.M; Kriz, G.S; Vyvyan, J.A. Introductionto
spectroscopy. Cengage Learning, 2008; 4thEd.
 Wall, P.E. Thin Layer Chromatography: A Modern Approach
(RSCChromatography Monographs). Royal Society of Chemistry,2005; 1stEd.
 Deinstrop, E.H. Applied Thin Layer Chromatography. Wiley-VCH, 2006;
2ndEd.
 Kellener. R; Mermet. J.M; Otto, M; Valcarcel, M; Widmer, H.M. Analytical
Chemistry: A Modern Approach to Analytical Science. Wiley VCH, 2004.
 Hollas, J. M. Modern Spectroscopy.John-Wiley & Sons, Ltd: England,2004;
4thEd.

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