‭Name‬ ‭:‬ ‭Class:‬

‭Date:‬ ‭:‬
‭Mark:‬ ‭/‬
‭Assignment Title‬ ‭: 19.1: Circuit Components‬

‭Learning Objectives‬ ‭1.‬ ‭ xplain and use the terms analog and digital in terms of continuous variation and‬
E
‭high/low states‬
‭ .‬
2 ‭Drawing circuits that include electronic devices‬
‭3.‬ ‭Describe the action of several electronic devices in circuits‬

‭Answer all questions.‬

‭1.‬ ‭ raw a circuit diagram containing a cell, a switch, a fixed resistor, and a lamp. Label the‬
D ‭4M‬
‭components.‬
‭The circuit diagram should show:‬

‭‬
● ‭ cell (symbol: one long and one short line)‬
A
‭●‬ ‭A switch (symbol: a break in a line with a short line that can close the gap)‬
‭●‬ ‭A fixed resistor (symbol: a rectangle)‬
‭●‬ ‭A lamp (symbol: a circle with a cross inside)‬

‭Ensure that the components are connected in series.‬

‭2.‬ ‭Explain the behavior of a thermistor in a circuit as the temperature increases. How does this‬ ‭2M‬
‭affect the overall resistance of the circuit?‬
‭●‬ ‭A Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor’s resistance decreases as‬
‭the temperature increases.‬
‭●‬ ‭In a circuit, as the thermistor’s resistance decreases, the overall resistance of‬
‭the circuit also decreases, allowing more current to flow through the circuit.‬

‭3.‬ ‭A potential divider circuit contains a variable resistor and a fixed resistor. How can you adjust‬ ‭2M‬
‭the output voltage from the circuit?‬
‭●‬ ‭In a potential divider, the output voltage depends on the ratio of the resistances.‬
‭●‬ ‭By adjusting the variable resistor, you change the proportion of the total‬
‭resistance, which in turn changes the output voltage across the fixed resistor or‬
‭the variable resistor, depending on where the measurement is taken.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Describe the behavior of a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) in a circuit when exposed to‬ ‭2M‬
‭different light intensities. How can it be used in a practical application such as a night light?‬
‭●‬ ‭An LDR’s resistance decreases as light intensity increases.‬
‭●‬ ‭In a night light application, during low light conditions (e.g., nighttime), the‬
‭LDR’s resistance is high, reducing the current and turning on the light. During‬
‭bright conditions, the LDR’s resistance drops, allowing more current to bypass‬
‭the light and turn it off.‬

‭5.‬ ‭Explain the purpose of a fuse in a circuit. How does it behave under normal and fault‬ ‭2M‬
‭conditions?‬
‭●‬ ‭A fuse is a safety device that protects a circuit by breaking the circuit if the‬
‭current exceeds a safe limit.‬
‭●‬ ‭Normal conditions: The fuse allows current to pass through.‬
‭●‬ ‭Fault conditions: If the current is too high, the fuse melts (blows), breaking the‬
‭circuit and preventing damage to other components or the risk of fire.‬

‭6.‬ ‭Draw and interpret a circuit containing a power supply, an LED, a resistor, and a switch.‬ ‭8M‬
‭Explain the role of each component.‬
‭The circuit diagram should include:‬

‭‬
● ‭ ower supply (symbol: a battery with multiple cells)‬
P
‭●‬ ‭LED (symbol: a diode with arrows indicating light emission)‬
‭●‬ ‭Resistor (symbol: rectangle)‬
‭●‬ ‭Switch (symbol: break in the circuit that can be closed)‬

‭Roles:‬

‭‬
● ‭ ower supply: Provides electrical energy.‬
P
‭●‬ ‭LED: Emits light when current flows in the correct direction.‬
‭●‬ ‭Resistor: Limits current to prevent damaging the LED.‬
‭●‬ ‭Switch: Controls the flow of current in the circuit‬

‭7.‬ ‭A motor is connected to a battery in a circuit. Draw the circuit diagram and explain how you‬ ‭2M‬
‭would reverse the direction of the motor's rotation.‬
‭●‬ ‭The circuit diagram should include a battery (symbol: long and short lines), a‬
‭motor (symbol: M inside a circle), and connecting wires.‬
‭●‬ ‭Reversing motor direction: To reverse the motor’s direction, reverse the polarity‬
‭of the battery. This means swapping the connections to the motor terminals.‬
‭8.‬ ‭In a circuit containing a transformer, explain how the number of turns on the primary and‬ ‭2M‬
‭secondary coils affects the output voltage.‬
‭●‬ ‭Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The voltage‬
‭across the secondary coil depends on the ratio of turns between the primary and‬
‭secondary coils.‬
‭●‬ ‭If the number of turns on the secondary coil is greater than the primary, it is a‬
‭step-up transformer (increases voltage).‬
‭●‬ ‭If the number of turns on the secondary coil is fewer, it is a step-down‬
‭transformer (decreases voltage).‬

‭9.‬ ‭Draw a circuit diagram with a bell, a switch, and a battery. Explain how the bell operates in this‬ ‭4M‬
‭circuit.‬
‭The circuit diagram should show:‬

‭●‬ ‭A battery (symbol: one long and one short line)‬

‭●‬ ‭A switch (symbol: gap that can be closed)‬
‭●‬ ‭A bell (symbol: a circle with a hammer icon inside)‬

‭Operation: When the switch is closed, current flows through the bell’s electromagnet,‬
‭generating a magnetic field that moves a striker to hit the bell, producing sound.‬

‭10.‬ ‭Describe a real-life scenario where a relay would be used in a circuit. Draw a circuit diagram‬ ‭4M‬
‭with a relay and explain how it operates.‬
‭●‬ ‭A relay is used when a low-power circuit needs to control a high-power device,‬
‭such as turning on a large motor with a small switch.‬
‭●‬ ‭Example: In a car’s ignition system, a small switch is used to activate a relay,‬
‭which then powers the starter motor.‬
‭●‬ ‭Diagram: The relay should be represented by a box with two sections: the coil‬
‭(magnetizing coil symbol) and the switch (normally open symbol).‬
‭●‬ ‭Operation: When current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that‬
‭closes the relay switch, allowing a larger current to flow through another part of‬
‭the circuit.‬