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Defining and Non-Defining: Never

The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining clauses identify which noun is being referred to, while non-defining clauses provide extra information. Non-defining clauses always require a relative pronoun and cannot use "that". Prepositions can be placed at the end of relative clauses. Question words like "where", "when", and "why" can sometimes replace relative pronouns and prepositions. A relative clause can also modify an entire sentence using "which" or "a fact which", placed after a comma.

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45 views

Defining and Non-Defining: Never

The document discusses defining and non-defining relative clauses. Defining clauses identify which noun is being referred to, while non-defining clauses provide extra information. Non-defining clauses always require a relative pronoun and cannot use "that". Prepositions can be placed at the end of relative clauses. Question words like "where", "when", and "why" can sometimes replace relative pronouns and prepositions. A relative clause can also modify an entire sentence using "which" or "a fact which", placed after a comma.

Uploaded by

cetinavci
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defining and Non-defining

A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about: I like the woman who lives next door. (If I dont say who lives next door, then we dont know which woman I mean)

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We dont need this information to understand the sentence. I live in London, which has some fantastic parks. (Everybody knows where London is, which has some fantastic parks is extra information)

*In non-defining relative clauses,


we can

never drop the relative pronoun, even if the relative pronoun is the object of the
clause. Besides, we cannot use that in non-defining clauses. My boss, who is very nice, lives in Manchester. Last week I bought a new computer, which I don't like now! you cannot drop them!!!!!!

Last week I bought a new computer, that I don't like now!

FALSE!!!!

Prepositions and relative clauses


If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we commonly put it at the end of the clause: For example:

listen to

The music is good. Julie listens to the music. The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.

work with

My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman. My brother met a woman (who /whom/ that) I used to work with.

go to

The country is very hot. He went to the country. The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.

come from

I visited the city. John comes from the city. I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.

apply for

The job is well paid. She applied for the job. The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

Where / when / why


We can sometimes use these question words instead of relative pronouns and prepositions.
I live in the city where I study. I live in the city that / which I study in. I live in the city in which I study.

The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there. The bar in Barcelona that / which I met my wife in is still there. The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.

The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot. The summer that / which I graduated from university in was long and hot. The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.

USING "WHICH/A FACT WHICH" TO MODIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE


Bazen bir relative clause tek bir szc deil de btn bir cmleyi tanmlayabilir. Bu durumda relative szc olarak sadece which ya da a fact which kullanlr. Relative clause temel cmlenin sonuna eklenir ve bir virglle cmleden ayrlr.

* She got a rather low grade on the test. That surprised me. She got a rather low grade on the test, which surprised me. (Testten ok dk bir not ald ki bu da beni artt.) * It's impossible for us to catch the train. This is too bad. It's impossible for us to catch the train, which is too bad. (Trene yetimemiz imkansz ki bu da ok kt) * He helped me. That was kind of him. He helped me, which was kind of him.

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