HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

ENDOZO,JOHN CHRISTIAN L.
ARC 1209
22-02717

AR.NOMER MAYO
 1. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE (c.1400- 1700)
- During the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the
rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art – it was a fervent period
of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “Rebirth” following the
middle Ages. This period is credited with bridging the gap between the middle
Ages and modern-day civilization.

Periods of Renaissance:
- Early Renaissance ca. 1400- 1500
Brunelleschi, Alberti
- High Renaissance ca. 1500- 1525
Baramante
- Late Renaissance ca. 1525- 1600
Palladio

EARLY RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

A.1. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 –1446)

He was one of the prime architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is
possibly most famous for his discovery of perspective and for engineering the dome of the
Florence Cathedral; his accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture,
mathematics, engineering and even ship design.
Sample Structures:
 The Florence Cathedral dome (1436)
 The Foundling Hospital, 1421-1444
 Pazzi Chapel, 1460
 San Lorenzo, Florence, (1430-33)
 The Basilica of Santa Maria del Santo Spirito ("St. Mary of the Holy Spirit"), 1481
A.2. Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (1396-1472)
Architect and sculptor, notable in the development of Florentine Renaissance
architecture.
Sample Structures:
 The Palazzo Medici, Florence 1444

A.3. Leon Battista Alberti( 1404-1472)

Alberti was an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher,
cryptographer and general Renaissance humanist polymath.
Sample Structures:
 The Palazzo Rucellai (1446-1451)
 San Maria Novella
  Basilica of Sant'Andrea, (1472-94)

A.4. Donato Bramante (1444 –1514)

Was an Italian architect, who introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High
Renaissance style to Rome, where his plan for St. Peter's Basilica formed the basis of the
design executed by Michelangelo.
Sample Structures:
 San Maria presso San Satiro (1482-92)

A.5. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)

Commonly known as “MIchaelangelo”, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter,
architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of
Western art.
Sample Structures:

A.5. Domenico da Cortona/ "Boccador" (1465 – 1549)

Was an Italian architect, a pupil of Giuliano da Sangallo. he was brought to France by
Charles VIII and remained in the service of François I.

HIGH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

B.1. Donato Bramante (1444 –1514)

Sample Structures:
 The Tempietto, Rome (begun 1502)
 St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, (1505)

B.2. Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)

Was an architect active in the Republic of Venice. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek
architecture, primarily by Vitruvius, he is widely considered the most influential individual in the
history of Western architecture.
Sample Structures:
B.3. Giacomo da Vignola (1507 –1573)
One of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism. His two great
masterpieces are theVilla Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome.
Sample Structures:
B.4. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)
Sample Structures:
 The Laurentian library, Florence, 1524
 St. Peter’s Basilica by Michelangelo, Donato Bramante, Giacomo della Porta and Carlo
Maderno.
Other works:
 The Medici Chapels
 The Sagrestia Nuova, ("New Sacristy"),
 Tomb of Lorenzo di Piero de'Medici with Dusk and Dawn
 Michelangelo's Pietà
 The Statue of David (1504)

B.5. Domenico da Cortona/ "Boccador" (1465 – 1549)

Sample Structures:
 The Chateaux de Chambord (1519-47)

LATE RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

C.1. Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)

Sample Structures:
 Villa Rotonda, Vicenza (1566-70)
 Villa Barbaro, Maser (1557-58)
 San Giorgio Maggiore, 1566-1610

C.2. Giacomo da Vignola (1507 –1573)

Sample Structures:
 The Church of the Gesù, Rome, 1568
 St. Peter’s Basilica by Michelangelo, Donato Bramante, Giacomo della Porta and Carlo
Maderno.
C.3. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)
Sample Structures:
C.4.Domenico da Cortona/ "Boccador" (1465 – 1549)

CHARACTERISTICS
1. PLANS
- They are square, has a symmetrical appearance in which proportions are usually
based on a module.
2. FAÇADE
- Façades are symmetrical around their vertical axis. Church facades are generally
surmounted by a pediment and organized by a system of pilasters, arches and entablatures.
The columns and windows show a progression towards the center.
3. DETAILS
- Courses, moldings and all decorative details are carved with great precision.
4. PRINCIPLES APPLIED
- Buildings were hence built according to principles of balance, symmetry, rhythm, and
respecting proportions.

2. BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE (c.1600- 1750)

- Baroque architecture describes the style developed out from the late
renaissance mannerism by the turn of the 16th century in Italy and diffused
later on into other parts of Europe.

CHARACTERISTICS
1. PLANS
- The fundamental characteristic of Baroque plan was dynamism (normally a sense of
motion). Strong curves, rich decoration, and general complexity are all typical features of
Baroque architecture or plans.
2. FAÇADE
- External facades are characterized by a central projection.
3. DETAILS
- Used columns, domes, towers and oval windows. The use of illusory effects through
the use of painting and sculpture was also applied, In contrast to renaissance building which
can be easily and quickly understood and perceived, baroque buildings are huge and
complicated with great concentration on the reflection of power and supremacy.
4. PRINCIPLES APPLIED
- Main principles were complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the oval, and
the dynamic opposition and interpenetration of spaces were favored to heighten the feeling of
motion and sensuality.

BAROQUE ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

A. Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73)
Classical Italian architect in style of Late Renaissance and Early Baroque.
Sample Structures:
 St Peter's Domes, Vatican (1564)
 The Church of the Holy Name of Jesus (Il Gesu) (1568)

B. Gian Lorenzo (Giovanni) Bernini (1598-1680)

The greatest of all Baroque architects and sculptors.
Sample Structures:
 Palazzo Barberini (1628-32, Rome)
 St Peter's Square (1656-67)
 St Andrea al Quirinale (1658-71, Rome)

C. Pietro da Cortona (1596-1669)

Architect to Pope Urban VIII.
Sample Structures:
 SS. Luca e Martina (1635-64, Rome)
 St Maria della Pace, facade (1656-7, Rome)
 St Maria in Via Lata (1658-62, Rome)

D. Francois Mansart (1598-1666)

Father of French Classicism.
Sample Structures:
 Chateau Berny (1623-27)
 Chateau de Blois, Loire (1638)
 Val de Grace Church, Paris (1645)

E. Jules Hardouin Mansart (1646-1708)

Main co-architect of the Palace of Versailles & dome of Les Invalides in Paris
Sample Structures:
 Chateau de Marly (1679-86, Marly-le-Roi)
 Dome of Les Invalides (1679-91, Paris)
 Grand Trianon (1687-8, Palace of Versailles)

F. Jakob Prandtauer (1660-1726)

Leading Austrian architect and master mason.
Sample Structures:
  Melk Abbey (1702-36)
 St Florian Library Linz (1708-26)
 Kremsmunster Abbey (1710-15)

G. Balthasar Neumann (1687-1753)

Leading German Late Baroque designer, Royal architect to Schonborn family.
Sample Structures:
 Wallfahrtskirche (1730-9, Gossweinstein)
 Staircase for Wurzburg Residenz (1737)
 Staircase for Augustusburg Palace (1743-8, Bruhl)

H. Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach (1693-1742)

Austrian chief Court Architect of the Baroque & Rococo.
Sample Structures:
 Schwarzenberg Palace redesign (1728)
 St Michael's Wing of the Hofburg Imperial Palace (1729-35)

I. Pedro de Ribera (1681-1742)

One of the most important architects of the Late Baroque period in Madrid.
Sample Structures:
 Ucles Monastery (1735)
 Church of San Cayetano (1722–1737)
 Church of San Jose (1730)

3. ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE(LATE BAROQUE)

Emerged in 18th-century Paris as part of a more expansive aesthetic movement that
also encompassed art and decoration.

1. CHARACTERISTICS
Lighter, more graceful, yet also more elaborate version of Baroque Architecture,
which was ornate and austere. Its style is characterized by elaborate ornamentation,
asymmetrical values, pastel color palette, and curved or serpentine lines.
2. PRINCIPLES
Numerous curves and decorations, also the usage of pale colors are included to
the principles applied to Rococo Architecture.
LATE BAROQUE ARCHITECTS AND THEIR WORKS

A. Jean Courtonne
He is a french architect who was the most important member of a family of architects
active in Paris.
Sample Structures:
 Hôtel Matignon, 1722-1724

B. Francois Cuvillies
He was the chief architect and decorator in the Bavarian Rococo style.
Sample Structures:
 Amalienburg palace 1734-39, Munich

REFERENCES

Renaissance
https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance
A.1. Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 –1446)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
A.2. Michelozzo di Bartolomeo (1396-1472)
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michelozzo
A.3. Leon Battista Alberti( 1404-1472)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
A.4. Donato Bramante (1444 –1514)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
A.5. Domenico da Cortona/ "Boccador" (1465 – 1549)
https://dbpedia.org/page/Domenico_da_Cortona
A.5. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
B.1. Donato Bramante (1444 –1514)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
B.2. Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
B.3. Giacomo da Vignola (1507 –1573)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
B.4. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475 – 1564)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
B.5. Domenico da Cortona/ "Boccador" (1465 – 1549)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
C.1. Andrea Palladio (1508 –1580)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
C.2. Giacomo da Vignola (1507 –1573)
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf
CHARARCTERISTICS
https://josemonizmirante.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/renaissancearchitecture.pdf

https://www.marcmaison.com/architecturalantiquesresources/Renaissance_style#:~:text=Buildi
ggs%20were%20hence%20built%20according,built%20in%20Rome%20in%201502.
Baroque
https://histofarch.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/baroque-architecture.pdf
CHARACTERISTICS
https://frosvararcs.com/r4.pdf
https://histofarch.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/baroque-architecture.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/art/Baroque-architecture
ARCHITECTS (A-I)
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/baroque-architects.htm

Rococo
https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-rococo-architecture-5186850
CHARACTERISTICS
https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-rococo-architecture-5186850
A. Jean Courtonne
https://www.wga.hu/bio_m/c/courtonn/jean/biograph.html
B. Francois Cuvillies
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francois-de-Cuvillies-the-Elder