National Apprentice & Industrial Training

Authority

Report On Industrial Training

At

Sri Lanka Telecom PLC

Bandarawela

University Collage Of Ratmalana

Name : W.M.I.B.Theekshana
Student Number : RT/TCT/21/20
Course : Higher National Diploma in Telecommunication
Technology
Field : Telecommunication Technology
Training Period : 14/08/2023 to 13/02/2024
 Acknowledgement

Firstly, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them for helping to make this
training period successful. It would not have been possible without the kind support and
help of many individuals and organizations and the Industrial Training Authority (NAITA)
for making this training program a success and giving me this opportunity to gain in-plant
traineeships at Sri Lanka Telecom.

With regard to the university college of Rathmalana. Head of the Telecommunication

Department and lectures those who help me get an opportunity for my industrial training,
the National Apprenticeship and Industrial Training Authority, and the guidance,
supervision, and encouragement given to me throughout the training period.

I would like to express my gratitude to the SLT branch office in Bnadarawela for giving me
support to complete my industrial training in telecommunication technology. My addition
is to express my gratitude to Mr. Manjula Thilakaratne (Engineer-SA & Admin (Uva)).

I would like to give my regards to Ziyam Aliyar (Network Engineer), technical officers
Mr.Rasika and Mr. Tharaka, and other staff members for the support they have given me
throughout the session. Further, it is a must to thank the Training Planning sections of SLT
for arranging my training and providing the necessary instructions to carry out our chores
during the whole training period.

My parents gave me their support and encouragement during my training period. My friends
helped me when I had problems in my industrial training. Personally, who supported me in
numerous ways for the successful completion of this industrial training.

W.M.I.B.Theekshana
Higher national Diploma
Department of Telecommunication Technology
University College of Ratmalana

i
 Preface

This is the ideal option for undergraduates to train and obtain experience in the industry to
learn about industrial applications and practice that have been learned in academics. The
training session was arranged by the Engineering University of Ratmalana collaborates with
the National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority. I had the opportunity to train
under Sri Lanka Telecom PLC, a leading telecommunications operator in Sri Lanka. The
training program ran from 14/08/2023 to 13/02/2024.

I have got an invaluable experience from this industrial training under Sri Lanka Telecom
(SLT).This report was written including all those experiences which I have gained from this
training. This report is consisted of six chapters adding all necessary details about the
company and work done from the different sections in the SLT.

Chapter 01: Introduction to the Training place – It included the overview of the company,
organizational structure, and main functions of the company.

Chapter 02: Technical Training Experiences –All details of the new experiences I had
during the training period were discussed under this Chapter 2.

Chapter 03:Conclusion

W.M.I.B.Theekshana

RT/TCT/2120

Telecommunication Department

University of Ruhuna

ii
 Content
Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................. i

Preface ...................................................................................................................................ii

Content ................................................................................................................................ iii

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction Sri Lanaka Telecom ................................................................................ 1

1.2 Organization chart of Sri Laka Telecom ...................................................................... 2
1.3 Vision ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Mission ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.5 EPF And ETF .............................................................................................................. 3
1.6 Number of Employees ................................................................................................. 3
1.7 Safety Measures .......................................................................................................... 3
1.8 SLT Subsidiaries .......................................................................................................... 4
1.9 SLT – Elements of Strategy ......................................................................................... 4
Training Experience .............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 OPMC .......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 FTTH-Fiber To The Home .......................................................................................... 6
2.2 Basic FTTH Diagram .................................................................................................. 7
2.2.1 OLT ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Fiber Cabinet......................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Fiber DP ................................................................................................................ 9
2.2.4 Drop wire ............................................................................................................ 10
2.2.5 Rosette Box ......................................................................................................... 10
2.2.6 ONT .................................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Fibre faults .................................................................................................................... 12

2.4 Fibre Jointing methods .................................................................................................. 12

2.4.1 Fusion Splicing ................................................................................................... 12

2.4.2 Jointing with Mechanical connector ................................................................... 15
2.4 Fibre fault detecting devices ......................................................................................... 16

2.5.1 Power meter ........................................................................................................ 16

2.5.2 OTDR.................................................................................................................. 16
2.5.3 Visible Fault Locator........................................................................................... 17

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2.6 ADSL- Copper Connections ......................................................................................... 18

2.7 Copper Connection Diagram......................................................................................... 18

2.7.1 MSAN-Multi Service Access Node ....................................................................... 19

2.7.2 DP-Distribution Point ............................................................................................. 20
2.7.3 Discharger............................................................................................................... 20
2.7.5 Splitter .................................................................................................................... 21
2.7.6 Rosette .................................................................................................................... 22
2.8 Customer premises Equipment ..................................................................................... 22

2.8.1 Telephone................................................................................................................ 22
2.8.2 Router ..................................................................................................................... 23
2.8.3 STB-Set Top Box ................................................................................................... 24
2.9 Common faults in Copper lines .................................................................................... 25

2.10 Instruments Used in Troubleshooting in copper connections ..................................... 26

2.11 Switching Section ........................................................................................................ 28

2.11.1 MSAN Cards ........................................................................................................ 28

2.12 Power and AC ............................................................................................................. 30

2.12.1Generator ............................................................................................................... 31
2.12.2 Battery Backup ..................................................................................................... 31
2.12.3 Heat Exchanger .................................................................................................... 32
Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 33

References ........................................................................................................................... 34

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 List Of figures
Figure 1-Sri Lanka Telecom logo.......................................................................................... 1
Figure 2 –SLTMOBITEL logo .............................................................................................. 1
Figure 3-Organization chart of Sri Lanka telecom ............................................................... 2
Figure 4-SLT Subsidiaries ..................................................................................................... 4
Figure 5-App interface .......................................................................................................... 5
Figure 6-fibre ........................................................................................................................ 6
Figure 7 -Structure of fibre ................................................................................................... 6
Figure 8-Single and Multi Mode FIbre ................................................................................. 7
Figure 9-FTTH Diagram ....................................................................................................... 7
Figure 10 -OLT...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 11-SFP connector B+.................................................................................................. 8
Figure 12--Fibre Cabinet ....................................................................................................... 9
Figure 13—Fibre DP and Inside of DP ................................................................................. 9
Figure 14-Fibre Drop Wire.................................................................................................. 10
Figure 15-Rosset ................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 16-ONT .................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 17-ONT Ports........................................................................................................... 11
Figure 18- Hot Jacket Remover .......................................................................................... 13
Figure 19-Stripping tool ...................................................................................................... 13
Figure 20-Fibre Cleaver ...................................................................................................... 13
Figure 21-Fushion Splicing Machine .................................................................................. 14
Figure 22-Fibre Machanical Connector .............................................................................. 15
Figure 23-Machanical Connector Set-up ............................................................................ 15
Figure 24-Power Meter ....................................................................................................... 16
Figure 25-OTDR ................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 26-OTDR Menus ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 27-Visible Fault Locator .......................................................................................... 17
Figure 28-ADSL diagram.................................................................................................... 18
Figure 29-MSAN ................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 30-Inside Of MSAN ................................................................................................ 19
Figure 31-Copper DP .......................................................................................................... 20
Figure 32-Discharger .......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 33-Splitter ................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 34-Rosset ................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 35-Telephone ........................................................................................................... 22
Figure 36-ADSL Router(TP-LINK).................................................................................... 23
Figure 37-Rouer IP Address ................................................................................................ 24
Figure 38-Router web logging portal Interface ................................................................... 24
Figure 39-PeoTV STB ........................................................................................................ 25
Figure 40-STB ports And Connection Diagram ................................................................. 25
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Figure 41-PeoTV Go Smart Device .................................................................................... 25
Figure 42-UY connector...................................................................................................... 26
Figure 43-Copper Drop wire connector .............................................................................. 26
Figure 44-Krone tool ........................................................................................................... 27
Figure 45-Test Phone .......................................................................................................... 27
Figure 46-tone tester ........................................................................................................... 27
Figure 47-Structure of MSAN ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 48-MSAN Cards ...................................................................................................... 29
Figure 49-Battery pack ........................................................................................................ 29
Figure 50-Diagram of Power System .................................................................................. 30
Figure 51-Generator ............................................................................................................ 31
Figure 52-Battery Backups ................................................................................................. 31
Figure 53-Heat Exchanger .................................................................................................. 32

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Chapter 01
Introduction
1.1 Introduction Sri Lanaka Telecom
Sri Lanka Telecom (SLT) is the national Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) solutions provider and the leading broadband and backbone infrastructure services
provider in Sri Lanka. It has a rich history dating back to 1858, making it one of the oldest
telecommunications companies in the world.
The company has a strong presence in Sri Lanka, with over 9 million customers. It is also a
key player in the global telecommunications market, connecting Sri Lanka to the world
through international submarine cable systems. There is its logo in figure 1.

Figure 1-Sri Lanka Telecom logo

Sri Lanka Telecom (SLT) and SLT Mobitel unveiled their unified brand identity on January
1, 2021 at SLT Headquarters forming a formidable force creating a lasting legacy as the
national Information and Communications Technology (ICT) solutions leader. Figure 2
shows the logo of Sri Lanka Telecom and Mobitel after its merger.

Figure 2 –SLTMOBITEL logo

SLT-MOBITEL provides an array of services and solutions that cater to a digital lifestyle
beyond Voice, encompassing but not limited to SLT-MOBITEL Fibre, ADSL, 4G LTE, 5G,

1
PeoTV, Digital healthcare, Mobile Financial Services and a host of Digital Lifestyle
services.

1.2 Organization chart of Sri Laka Telecom

Board of Directors

Group of CEO

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

Chief Regional Chief Regional

Business Officer Operations Officer

General Manager

General Manager

Deputy General Deputy General

Manager Manager

Regional Telecom Manager Outside Plant

Office Manager Maintenance Center
Network Engineer

RTO Assistant Executive Officer Assistant Network

Manager Assistant Engineer Engineer

Assistant Engineer 1 Assistant Engineer 2

Staff Members Technical Staff

Technical Staff

Figure 3-Organization chart of Sri Lanka telecom

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1.3 Vision
All Sri Lankans seamlessly connected with world-class information, communication and
entertainment services”

1.4 Mission
-Your trusted and proven partner for innovative and exciting communication experiences
delivered with passion, quality and commitment-

1.5 EPF And ETF

Sri Lanka Telecom (SLT) contributes to both the Employees' Provident Fund (EPF) and the
Employees' Trust Fund (ETF) on behalf of its employees.

EPF(Employees' Provident Fund.) is a mandatory savings scheme for all employees in Sri
Lanka. Employers and employees contribute a combined 15% of the employee's basic salary
and allowances to the EPF.

ETF(Employees' Trust Fund) is a mandatory provident fund scheme in Sri Lanka.

Employers contribute 3% of the employee's basic salary and allowances to the ETF.

1.6 Number of Employees

this information is based on the company's website, which states that they have a workforce
exceeding 6,000 employees, and in 2020

1.7 Safety Measures

• Organize by First Aid Campaigning in a staff.
• Introduced Safety equipment. (Boots, Helmet, Face Mask)
• Renew Fire equipment.
• Using Internationally Safety Symbol.
• Emergency Exit door and alarm system.

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1.8 SLT Subsidiaries

Figure 4-SLT Subsidiaries

1.9 SLT – Elements of Strategy

• Driving a Smarter Sri Lanka.

• Excellence in Digital Transformation.
• Go Global.
• Making Intelligent Organization.
• Operational Excellence

4
Chapter 02
Training Experience

In order to complete my initial industrial training, I was assigned as an apprentice at Sri

Lanka Telecom PLC Bandarawela for a period of 6 months from 14/08/2023 to 13/02/2024
by the University college of Ratmalana in collaboration with National Apprentice and
Industrial Training Authority (NAITA).

I received training in 3 sections. They are,

1. OPMC- Outside Plant Maintenance Center

2. Switching and Network Department
3. Power and AC section

2.1 OPMC

The following functions are mainly performed in the outside plant maintenance center.

1. Maintain Fibre and Copper Connections

2. Manage customer Complaints
3. Providing new connections
4. Planning
5. Clarity services

SLT mainly provides Fibre and copper line connections .Customers can complains there.
Customer can inform about their faults by contacting SLT hotline (1212) or using myslt app.
The faults are managed by OPMC and updates the customer's area to the respective
maintenance team through a special app. In this app, customer name, fault telephone line
number, contact number, address, Distribution Boxes details are mentioned.

5 Figure 5-App interface

2.1 FTTH-Fiber To The Home

What is fibre?
Optical fiber cables are high speed transmission medium that use optical power to
transmit data which has made of thin strands of glass or plastic. SLT Network Section
uses the Optical Fiber cable as their main transmission medium and technical staff is
trained to handle various fiber technologies

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) is a broadband internet service architecture that uses optical

fiber directly to connect a residential or business location to the internet service provider's
(ISP) network.

Sri Lanka started providing fibre in 2015 and it include Internet, Telephone and PeoTV. SLT
fibre has a Internet speed of 300mbps.

Figure 6-fibre Figure 7 -Structure of fibre

6
 There are two main types of optical fiber modes namely Single mode and
Multimode where single mode fibers use only one ray (one signal) while
Multimode fibers use multiple rays to transmit data.

Figure 8-Single and Multi Mode FIbre

2.2 Basic FTTH Diagram

Drop wire Patch code

Fibre OLT Fibre Cabinet Fibre DP Rosette ONT

Figure 9-FTTH Diagram

2.2.1 OLT
GPON cards in an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) are equipped with multiple ports, often
around 16, each serving as a connection point for Optical Network Terminals (ONTs)) at
customers' premises. Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) modules, which are hot-
swappable, are inserted into these ports, containing optics for converting electrical signals
into optical signals for fiber-optic transmission. Fiber connections from customer premises
are established by connecting fiber wires to the SFP modules via fiber connectors. The total

7
number of connections an OLT can support depends on the cumulative number of GPON
cards and ports it has, with each port capable of serving one customer connection.

In Sri Lanka Telecom (SLT), the optical transceiver modules (SFP modules) used fall into
three main types: A+, B+, and C+. These types have different specifications, including
acceptable transmit power and receiver sensitivity. SLT has chosen to use B+ type SFP
modules for its fiber-optic network. The B+ type SFPs have a specified transmit power range
of 0-3 dBm. This selection is likely influenced by cost considerations, as B+ type SFPs
provide a cost-effective solution while still meeting the performance requirements of SLT's
network.

Figure 10 -OLT
Figure 11-SFP connector B+

2.2.2 Fiber Cabinet

8
A fiber cabinet is really important in fiber-optic networks. It's like a safe and organized place
for handling and spreading optical fibers. Its main job is to efficiently share connections,
using a special device called a splitter inside. The splitter ratio depends on how far it is from
the SLT office to the Fiber Connection Access Cabinet (FCAB).

Exchange code

Area code

Figure 12--Fibre Cabinet

2.2.3 Fiber DP

A Fiber Distribution Point is a location in a fiber-optic network where optical fibers are
distributed and connected to individual subscribers or end-users. In a Fiber Distribution
Point, optical fibers from a central office or Optical Line Terminal (OLT) are terminated,
and connections are made to Optical Network Terminals (ONTs).

Figure 13—Fibre DP and Inside of DP

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2.2.4 Drop wire

The FTTH drop cables are used to enable subscriber connections by linking
the Optical Distribution Point to the Optical Telecommunications Outlet

Figure 14-Fibre Drop Wire

2.2.5 Rosette Box

A Fiber Rosette Box typically serves as the termination point for fiber-optic cables, allowing
them to be connected to customer premises equipment, such as routers or Optical Network
Terminals (ONTs).

Figure 15-Rosset

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2.2.6 ONT
The Optical Network Terminal (ONT) is a pivotal device in fiber-optic communication
networks, serving as the point where the optical fiber from the service provider terminates
and transforms optical signals into electrical ones for use within homes or businesses.

Figure 16-ONT

1
3 4
2

Figure 17-ONT Ports

1. Patch code connecting port (internet)

2. Telephone port
3. PeoTV port
4. LAN Network Ports

11
2.3 Fibre faults

1.Breaking of Fiber Optic Cables

Excessive tension, bending, or twisting of the fiber optic cable can lead to breakage. This
may happen during installation, maintenance, or accidental pulling of the cable. Pressure or
crushing forces, such as heavy objects or vehicles running over the cable, can cause physical
damage and breakage. Animals chewing on the cable can also lead to breakage, and this is
a common issue in outdoor installations.

2.Bending loss

The loss of optical power that happens when an optical fiber is bent is referred to as fiber
bending loss. Although optical fibers are made to carry light signals over great distances
with little loss, they can become weakened or lose strength if they are bent past a certain
point. The main cause of this issues is light leaking from the fiber's core.

3.ONT faults- high voltage damage/short circuit

2.4 Fibre Jointing methods

In situations where fiber optic cables experience breakage or damage, fiber splicing is a
common and effective solution to join the damaged fibers together. This process
involves carefully aligning and permanently connecting the optical fibers to restore
continuity and ensure the seamless transmission of signals. Fiber splicing can be
performed using different techniques, such as fusion splicing or mechanical splicing.

2.4.1 Fusion Splicing

Fusion splicing is the process of fusing or welding two fibers together usually by an
electric arc.

12
Step 01 -Prepare the fibers.
• Slide the heat shrink sleeve: This will protect the splice joint later. Slide it onto one
of the fiber optic cables.

Figure 18- Hot Jacket

Remover

• Strip the fiber optic cables: Use a stripping tool to remove the outer jacket, buffer
coating, and cladding layer from both fibers. Be careful not to nick or scratch the
bare fiber.

Figure 19-Stripping tool

• Clean the fibers: Wipe the bare fiber ends with lint-free wipes soaked in isopropyl
alcohol to remove any dust or contaminants.

Step 02-Cleave the fibers.

• Use a cleaver to cleave (cut) the ends of the fibers at a precise 90-degree angle. A
clean cleave is essential for a successful splice.

Figure 20-Fibre Cleaver

Step 03-Place the fibers in the splicer

13
 • Carefully place the cleaved ends of the fibers into the alignment V-grooves of the
fusion splicer. The splicer will use precision motors to align the cores of the two
fibers.

Figure 21-Fushion Splicing Machine

Step 04 -Fuse the fibers.

• Once the fibers are aligned, the splicer will create an electric arc that heats and melts
the ends of the fibers together. The molten ends then cool and solidify, forming a
permanent bond.

Step 05- . Inspect the splice.

• The splicer will automatically inspect the splice and provide an image for you to
review. Look for any defects, such as voids or misalignment. If the splice is good,
proceed to the next step.

Step 06-Heat shrink the sleeve.

• Slide the heat shrink sleeve over the splice joint and use a heat gun to shrink it. This
will protect the splice from physical damage and environmental contaminants

14
2.4.2 Jointing with Mechanical connector

Figure 22-Fibre Machanical Connector

Optical fiber mechanical connectors are devices designed to provide a quick and efficient
means of terminating optical fibers without the need for fusion splicing. Unlike fusion
splicing, which involves melting and fusing fiber ends together, mechanical connectors use
precise alignment mechanisms to join fibers mechanically. These connectors are often field-
installable and do not require specialized tools or equipment.

Figure 23-Machanical Connector Set-up

15
2.4 Fibre fault detecting devices

2.5.1 Power meter

A power meter, in the context of fiber optics, is a device used to measure the optical power
or intensity of light signals in a fiber optic communication system. It is an essential tool for
technicians and engineers involved in the installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of
fiber optic networks.

Figure 24-Power Meter

2.5.2 OTDR
It is a specialized instrument used in fiber optic network testing and troubleshooting. The OTDR is
designed to measure the characteristics of an optical fiber, providing valuable information about its
overall health, length, and any potential issues or faults. The Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer
(OTDR) works based on the principle of sending short pulses of light into an optical fiber and
analyzing the backscattered or reflected light that returns. It excels in fault localization, pinpointing
the exact location of events such as connectors, splices, breaks, or bends that may impact signal
transmission.

16
 Figure 25-OTDR

Figure 26-OTDR Menus

2.5.3 Visible Fault Locator

Visible Fault Locator (VFL) is a handheld device used in fiber optic networks to identify
and locate faults or breaks in the optical fiber. It operates by emitting visible light, typically
in the red wavelength spectrum, into the optical fiber, making it visually detectable along
the length of the fiber.
Precautions should be taken to avoid direct exposure to the laser beam emitted by the VFL

Figure 27-Visible Fault Locator

17
2.6 ADSL- Copper Connections

SLT launches Broadband internet service on ADSL technology in 2003. ADSL mean
Asymmetric Digital Scriber Line. It provide Voice, Internet And PeoTV. It use to provides
that services copper cables.
Advantages
• Low losses
• Reliable
• Easy to install
Disadvantages
• Copper is expensive
• Damaged by water and chemicals
• Copper cable is a conductor of electricity, which means it can pose a shock hazard
if not installed properly.

2.7 Copper Connection Diagram

STB

Copper drop wire

Router

Splitter

Discharger
DP
MSAN Telephone

Rosset

Figure 28-ADSL diagram

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2.7.1 MSAN-Multi Service Access Node

To provide PSTN, ADSL, and PEO TV services over a single line, MSAN is a node that
links clients' telephone lines to aggregation networks. I'll attempt to go into more depth
about why the MSAN was installed in the telecommunication network today. Every network
component plays a crucial part, and the MSAN in the telecommunication network has a
unique function. MSAN installation is cost-effective when utilizing existing copper network
to provide voice and xDSL services to residential and enterprise customers. MSAN connects
to an asynchronous transfer mode network that can combine data transmission at GB rate
and at the other end of each transmission. MSAN interconnected numerous DSL users to a
high speed backbone network

Figure 29-MSAN

Figure 30-Inside Of MSAN

DP side

Location Side

19
2.7.2 DP-Distribution Point

It serves as a connection point where various copper cables, often originating from a central
office or exchange, are terminated and connected to individual lines that serve homes or
businesses. Distribution Point (DP) consists with 10 loops or connection points. This allows
the DP to accommodate and manage up to 10 individual pairs of copper cables. Each loop
corresponds to a potential contact point, facilitating connections for telecommunication
services. The loop numbering follows the established copper color code of the DP.

Figure 31-Copper DP

2.7.3 Discharger

A discharger is a crucial protective device employed in telecommunications to safeguard

telephone systems, routers, and subscribers from potential damage caused by high-voltage
currents, particularly those induced by lightning. This device includes a fuse as part of its
protective mechanism. The drop wire coming from the DP (distribution point) is connected
to the discharger.

20
 Figure 32-Discharger

2.7.5 Splitter

A splitter is an essential component utilized in the presence of an ADSL (Asymmetric

Digital Subscriber Line) line. Its primary function is to separate the high-frequency data
signals, commonly associated with internet communication, from the low-frequency voice
signals. This separation is achieved through the integration of a low-pass filter within the
splitter. The low-pass filter allows voice signals to pass through while blocking the higher-
frequency data signals. By employing a splitter, users can simultaneously access both
internet connectivity and telephone services without any interruption.

Figure 33-Splitter

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2.7.6 Rosette

A termination point or connection block for copper cables. This compact and often wall-
mounted device serves as an interface where individual copper wires are organized and
terminated. They provide a convenient and accessible point for maintenance,
troubleshooting, and the establishment of new connections .Rosette is used to connect
internal wire coming from discharger and telephone via RJ11 socket.

Figure 34-Rosset

2.8 Customer premises Equipment

2.8.1 Telephone
This is most common telephone brand in using slt customers. The Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN) relies on analog signals transmitted over copper pairs to
connect telephone users.

22
Figure 35-Telephone
2.8.2 Router

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that facilitates fast data
transmission at a high bandwidth on existing copper wire telephone lines to homes and
businesses. Unlike regular dial-up copper telephone line service, ADSL provides
continuously available, always-on broadband connections.

Figure 36-ADSL Router(TP-LINK)

The device is designed to provide a simple and cost-effective ADSL Internet connection
for a private Ethernet or wireless network.

• ADSL max uploading speed-0.8Mbps

• ADSL max downloading speed- 8Mbps

Router Configuration

When we get a new router or change the existing router, it should be configured. It is done
by the technician. For this the following steps should be done.

(For TP-LINK router)

1. Roter connect to laptop or mobile(use ethernet or WiFi)

2. Go to web browser (Google chrome, Firefox)
3. Go to 192.168.1.1 address
23
 Figure 37-Rouer IP Address
4. Log in to router use username and password
• Username: admin
• Password: admin
5. Select inface setup

6. Setup broadband username and password (it provides SLT)

Figure 38-Router web logging portal

Interface

Area code

• User name- bw2222179@sltbb

• ********
7. For Wi-Fi setting (customer can use their own Wi-Fi name and
password)

2.8.3 STB-Set Top Box

A set-top box (STB) is a device that connects to a TV and provides features to enhance the
capabilities of a typical TV. It is frequently used to give different services to the user and
receive and decode digital television signals.

PeoTV is access to television channels and a library of videos through SLT telephone line.
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is broadcast-quality television and video that is
delivered to viewers using a broadband connection.

24
 Figure 39-PeoTV STB

Figure 40-STB ports And Connection Diagram

Sri Lanka telecom new smart device for their customers.it names PEOTV GO. This device
makes your television a smart TV.

Figure 41-PeoTV Go Smart Device

2.9 Common faults in Copper lines

1. Line faults
• High resistance
• Short
• Disconnected
2. Faults in discharger

25
 • Loose connection
• Arrestor fault
• Earthing fault
3. Internal wiring fault
• Faulty cabling
4. Fault in telephone
• Keypad fault
• Fault in receiver
• Hand set fault
5. Faults in CPE
• Faulty splitter
• Router damaged
• STB damaged
• Power supply faults
6. Factors to determine ADSL speed
• Attenuation
• SNR-signal to noise ratio

2.10 Instruments Used in Troubleshooting in copper connections

1. Connectors

Drop wire connectors are commonly used in telecommunications for quickly and easily
connecting damaged or severed drop cables.

UY connectors are used to connect single solid copper wires in maintenance tasks.

Figure 42-UY connector Figure 43-Copper Drop wire

connector
26
 2. Krone Tool

This is used to punch down jumper wires into insulation displacement connectors in MDF
and MSANs.

Figure 44-Krone tool

3. Test Phone

Test phone is often used by technicians for testing and troubleshooting telephone

lines.

Figure 45-Test Phone

4. Tone Tester

This is mainly used to trace, identify, and test cables, wires, and network connections.

Figure 46-tone tester

27
2.11 Switching Section

In the switching office, field visits were conducted to observe MSANs (Multi Service
Access Nodes) and perform maintenance on them across the UVA region. During these
visits, I learned about both fiber to the home (FTTH) and copper connections. As my first
assignment was at the switching office, I had a basic idea of how SLT meets customer needs
and the processes involved, specifically how the switching department helps to this effort.

In the switching section we learn about MSAN’s Advanced things.

Figure 47-Structure of MSAN

2.11.1 MSAN Cards

In an MSAN (Multi-Service Access Node), there are various types of cards that execute
different duties to ensure users can use phones and the internet.
• Power Cards: Power cards supply electrical power to the MSAN and its
components, allowing them to operate continuously.
• Uplink cards provide interfaces that connect the MSAN to the core network
infrastructure.
• Data Cards: Data cards help customers receive data services like internet access
and email.
• Control cards handle the MSAN's management and control functions, including
as configuration, monitoring, and fault management.

28
 • Voice Interface Cards: Voice interface cards provide typical voice services,
allowing users to make and receive phone calls via the MSAN network.
• Ethernet Interface Cards: These cards provide interfaces for connecting to
subscriber devices via Ethernet technology. They provide the delivery of internet
and data services to subscribers.

Figure 48-MSAN Cards

2.11.2 Battry Bank

This is a MSAN battry backup. In case of power failure, the msan will continue to operate
by taking the supply from here. In case of power failure, the msan will continue to operate
by taking the supply from here.

Figure 49-Battery pack

29
2.12 Power and AC

Telecommunications equipment in SLT, including as switches, MSANs, instruments, and

cooling systems, requires power to operate. To maintain a steady power supply, the Ceylon
Electricity Board (CEB) supplies separate connections to each Regional Telecom Office.
SLT is in charge of maintaining the CEB's power systems, ensuring their proper operation
through frequent inspections and timely repairs.

1. Ceylon electricity board

2. Generator
3. Battery backup

Below is the power supply diagram of Bandarawela Telecom.

CEB

ATS
ACDB
Changer

Generator

Secondary For AC
Primary Rectifier
Rectifier

Critical Non Critical

Figure 50-Diagram of Power System

30
CEB- Ceylon Electricity Board
• CEB provides 400v supply to SLT
ATS –Automatic Transfer Switch
• a device that automatically transfers a power supply from its primary source to a
backup source when it senses a failure or outage in the primary source.
ACBD- Alternating Current Distribution Box
• Its main function is to distribute AC power, which is generated by the micro-inverter,
to the system,, and it includes the required surge protection device .

2.12.1Generator

Figure 51-Generator

• Generator provides 400v voltage

2.12.2 Battery Backup

When there are power outages, battery backup systems function as a lifesaver, offering a
dependable and quick supply of power to maintain vital telecom infrastructure. Usually,
these systems are made to smoothly take over in the event that the main power supply fails,
providing the continuous provision of vital services.

Figure 52-Battery Backups

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2.12.3 Heat Exchanger

Figure 53-Heat Exchanger

It measures the temperature and automatically adjust the heat level and control AC system
in MSAN.

32
Chapter 03

Conclusion

During my three-month industrial training at SLT, organized by NAITA, I got my first taste
of real-world telecommunications work. It was eye-opening to see how the theory I learned
in class translated into practical applications. The training gave me a good grasp of both the
technical and managerial aspects of the industry. Plus, it was a great opportunity to work on
my communication and teamwork skills.

SLT is well-known in the telecom sector, both nationally and internationally, and they've got
a talented team driving their success. Interacting with experienced professionals during my
training was incredibly valuable. Their knowledge and dedication inspired me to work
towards becoming a skilled engineer myself.

I believe the experience gained during these three months will be invaluable as I start my
career. It was a great learning opportunity, and I'm excited to use what I've learned to become
a proficient engineer in the future.

33
 References

❖ www.slt.lk/en/about/profile

❖ www.slt.lk/en/about-us/investors/financial-reports/annual

❖ www.slt.lk/reports-html/annual/2019/mda/employee_capital.html

❖ www.static.tp-link.com/res/down/doc/TD-W8961ND_V3_UG.pdf

34
 Certification

Name of the Trainee : W.M.I.B.Theekshana

Index No : RT/TCT/21/20

Institute & Address : University College of Ratmalana

Program : Higher National Diploma in Telecommunication Technology

Training Organization : Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka

Training Period : 14.08.2023 to 13.02.2024

This is certify that the report is prepared by myself under the training conduct at above

organization.

…………………………………. …………………………………………

Date Signature of the trainee

………………………………… ……...……………………………………………

Date Signature of Employee stamp

35