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Forces and Matter

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4 views

Forces and Matter

Uploaded by

wasia2481
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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E = ½ k 𝑥²

Work done in stretching Compressing, stretching or


elastic objects Object returns to original shape bending always requires
Energy Stored as elastic PE when deforming forces removed multiple forces

Elastic Potential Elastic Deformation


Energy Plastic Deformation

The point beyond which plastic


deformation occurs 15.1: FORCES AND MATTER: Object does not return to
SOLIDS original shape when
Limit of proportionality
deforming shape removed
Extension is directly
proportional to force applied, up Hooke’s Law
to the limit of proportionality
Loading
F=k𝑥 Force /N
E
Spring Constant P
Force /N
Gradient = Spring Constant Extension /m
Measured in Nm⁻¹
Extension /m EDEXCEL
Submerged objects experience
greater pressure below than above Measured in
Causes resultant Force per unit area Pascals, Pa
upwards force
Weight = Mass x Gravitational Upthrust
Field Strength
Objects sink if weight Force (N)
> upthrust Pressure (Pa) =
Measured in Weight Area (m²)
Newtons, N
Sinking
Floating
Floating Pressure
Fluids
Objects float if upthrust and Sinking
> weight Causes a force normal
to any surfaces

Pressure decreases
15.2: FORCES AND MATTER:
with altitude FLUIDS More particles above
you in denser fluids
Air particles Pressure in
collide with Atmospheric Pressure
surfaces, exerting
a Column p=h⍴g
pressure Thin layer of air
around the Earth
The pressure in a column of liquid
depends on depth and density
KEY Number of particles
decreases with height
‘Higher tier only’ Particles above you
written in green. increases with depth, and
‘Physics only’ Becomes less dense so does the force exerted
written in clouds. with altitude EDEXCEL

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