GRAMMAR

AND
BEYOND
ESSENTIALS

1
Teacher’s
Manual
GRAMMAR
AND
BEYOND
Essentials
Teacher’s Manual
Pa ul Ca r n e
Je nni Curri e S a nta m a r ia
L i s a Va ra nd a n i

1
University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
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First published in 2019

ISBN Teacher’s Manual 978-1-108-72372-5 Digital Book

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Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy

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Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

General Teaching Suggestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Audio Scripts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Answer Key .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

iii
Introduction
Grammar and Beyond Essentials is a research-based learners and gives them an opportunity to practice
and content-rich grammar series for beginning to detecting and correcting these errors. This section
advanced-level students. The series focuses on the helps students avoid these mistakes in their own
most commonly used English grammar structures and work. The mistakes highlighted in this section are
practices all four skills in a variety of authentic and drawn from a body of authentic data on learner
communicative contexts. It is designed for use both in English known as the Cambridge Learner Corpus,
the classroom and as a self-study learning tool. a database of over 35 million words from student
essays written by non-native speakers of English and
A Unique Approach information from experienced classroom teachers.

Academic Vocabulary
Grammar and Beyond Essentials is
Every unit in Grammar and Beyond Essentials
Research-Based includes words from the Academic Word List (AWL),
The grammar presented in this series is informed a research-based list of words and word families
by years of research on the grammar of written that appear with high frequency in English-language
and spoken English as it is used in college lectures, academic texts. These words are introduced in the
textbooks, academic essays, high school classrooms, opening text of the unit, recycled in the charts and
and conversations between instructors and students. exercises, and used to support the theme throughout
This research, and the analysis of over one billion the unit. By the time students finish each level, they
words of authentic written and spoken language data will have been exposed several times to a carefully
known as the Cambridge International Corpus, has selected set of level-appropriate AWL words, as
enabled the authors to: well as content words from a variety of academic
■■ Present grammar rules that accurately represent disciplines.
how English is actually spoken and written
■■ Identify and teach differences between the Teacher Resources
grammar of written and spoken English
■■ Focus more attention on the structures that are Grammar and Beyond Essentials offers a variety of
commonly used, and less on those that are rarely downloadable resources for instructors on eSource:
used, in writing and speaking esource.cambridge.org. Contact your Cambridge ESL
■■ Help students avoid the most common mistakes Specialist (www.cambridge.org/cambridgeenglish/
that English language learners make contact) to find out how to access the site.
■■ Choose reading topics that will naturally elicit
examples of the target grammar structure
Teacher’s Manual
■■ Suggestions for applying the target grammar to all
■■ Introduce important vocabulary from the Academic
four major skill areas, helping instructors facilitate
Word List
dynamic and comprehensive grammar classes
Realistic Grammar Presentations ■■ An answer key and audio script for the Student’s
Book
Grammar is presented in clear and simple charts. The ■■ Teaching tips, to help instructors plan their lessons
grammar points presented in these charts have been ■■ Downloadable communicative activities to add
tested against real-world data from the Cambridge more in-class speaking practice
International Corpus to ensure that they are authentic
representations of actual use of English. Assessment
Placement Test
Data from the Real World ■■
■■ Ready-made, easy-to-score Unit Tests, Midterms,
Many of the grammar presentations and application and Final in .pdf and .doc formats
sections include a feature called Data from the ■■ Answer Key
Real World. Concrete and useful points discovered
through analysis of corpus data are presented and Presentation Plus
practiced in exercises that follow. Presentation Plus allows teachers to digitally project
Avoid Common Mistakes the contents of the Student’s Books in front of
the class for a livelier, interactive classroom. It is a
Each unit features an Avoid Common Mistakes complete solution for teachers because it includes the
section that develops students’ awareness of the answer keys and audio.
most common mistakes made by English language

2 Introduction
Lesson Mapping Guides Online Workbook
Grammar and Beyond Essentials is designed to be The Online Workbook provides extra practice to help
used easily alongside academic English titles from you master each grammar point. Automatically-graded
Cambridge University Press. These include: Academic exercises give immediate feedback. Each unit offers
Encounters, Final Draft, Making Connections, Prism, practice correcting the errors highlighted in the Avoid
and Prism Reading. Visit cambridge.org/essentials/ Common Mistakes section in the Student’s Book.
LessonMaps to download a Lesson Mapping Guide Self-Assessment sections at the end of each unit allow
for each title. students to test their mastery of what they learned.
Look for in the Student’s Book to see where
Student Components additional online practice is available.

Student’s Book with Online Workbook Quiz Your English app

Levels 1 through 3 teach all of the grammar points Quiz Your English is a fun new way to practice,
appropriate at each level in short, manageable cycles improve, and test your English by competing against
of presentation and practice organized around a high- learners from all around the world. Learn English
interest unit theme. Level 4 focuses on the structure grammar with friends, discover new English words,
of the academic essay in addition to the grammar and test yourself in a truly global environment.
rules, conventions, and structures that students need ■■ Learn to avoid common
to master in order to be successful college writers. mistakes with a special section
just for Grammar and Beyond
Essentials users
■■ Challenge your friends and
players wherever they are
■■ Watch where you are on the
leaderboards

Introduction 3
General Teaching Suggestions
This guide provides a variety of strategies to use with students to complete the sentences. Walk around
recurring unit sections and exercise types in the and spot-check their answers to assess students’
Grammar and Beyond Student’s Book. familiarity with the structure.
■■ If most of the students are able to do the sentence
Student Self-Assessment completion, check their ability to use the grammar
in a less controlled activity by asking a question to
Refer to the Scope and Sequence for the theme and elicit the target language. (What has the weather
grammar topics for the unit. Write them on the board, been like lately?) Have them respond in writing with
and ask students to copy them. Then have students one or two complete sentences. Collect their work
do a brief self-assessment by choosing from the so you can assess the class as a whole (and not just
three options: a few students). You can also use this information for
pairing and grouping later. Note the grammar used
in students’ responses, but do not correct or begin
Self-Assessment, Unit teaching the structure explicitly at this point. Tell
Topics students that they will be learning the structure in
¨ 1. I know a lot about this and can use it easily. the upcoming unit. You may want to save your notes
and write the students’ sentences on the board when
¨ 2. I know something about this but need more you have completed the unit so they can identify
practice. their errors and see solid evidence of their progress.
¨ 3. I don’t know very much about this. ■■ If many of your students are able to produce the
structure correctly in response to your question
eliciting the target language, you can move more
Revisit the statements when you have completed the quickly through the controlled practice in the unit
unit so that students can assess their progress. and spend more time focusing on the more open-
ended writing and speaking activities. Tell students
Pre-unit Assessment Strategies that although they may be familiar with the
structure, it is your objective to help them put the
Prior Knowledge of Target Grammar grammar to use in their speaking and writing.
Before you begin the unit, you will probably want to do
a brief assessment of students’ prior knowledge of the General Strategies for Unit
grammar point. A grammar pre-assessment helps you Sections
determine whether students understand the meaning
of the structure, whether they can produce the form, Grammar in the Real World
and whether they are able to integrate it into their
writing and spontaneous speech. Here are some ways This section introduces the target structure(s) in an
to help you obtain this information quickly. authentic context, such as a website or short article.
A Notice activity draws students’ attention to the
■■ To determine whether students understand
form or function of the target structures in the text.
the target language, write several sentences on the The following strategies can be used with this section.
board using the structure (for example, John has
lived in Washington for 10 years.). Ask questions Pre-reading/Warm Up
to elicit information about the meaning of the
■■ Direct students’ attention to the picture. Ask them
sentences. (Does John live in Washington now?
to describe it, or ask specific questions about it
Did John live in Washington five years ago?)
(What’s happening? Who/Where do you think
■■ To determine whether students can describe
the person is?). Ask students about their personal
and reproduce the form, ask them to identify, experiences or opinions related to the picture.
for example, the part of speech, verb forms, or (Have you ever done this? How do you feel when this
auxiliaries of the target structure. (What is the verb happens to you? What do you think about this?)
in this sentence? What tense is it? How do you
■■ Ask students to read the title of the text and make
form the present perfect?) Write two or three fill-in-
one or two predictions about the content. Write
the-blank sentences on the board, and ask students
students’ predictions on the board. After they have
to complete them with the target structure.
read the text, compare their predictions to what
(There several earthquakes this year.
they have read.
The reporter a lot of questions.) Ask

4 General Teaching Suggestions

Pre-teaching the Vocabulary Grammar Presentations
Before students read, look through the text and make Each unit includes at least one of these sections,
a list of words they may not know. Try one or both of which provide chart-based presentations of the target
these techniques: grammar. They address both structure and usage,
■■ List the words on the board, and ask students to and offer examples that reflect the unit theme. The
discuss their meanings in small groups. Ask section may also include a Data from the Real World
students for definitions. Make a note of words that box, providing real-world usage notes based on
students find difficult. extensive corpus research.
■■ List the words on one side of the board and their
corresponding definitions on the other side (in a
Overview Box
different order), and ask students to match them. Read the information in the overview box that
Have students write down any words that are introduces each set of grammar charts. Explain that
new. To save time in class, write the words and this box highlights a key feature of the grammar
definitions on separate cards in advance and post point. Ask students what the connection is between
them where students can see them. the introductory information and the example
sentences.
Glossed Vocabulary
Paying attention to text signals, like footnotes, is an
Grammar Charts
important academic skill. Therefore, you may not want Teach students the value of the charts as a reference
to include the glossed vocabulary among the words tool. When they make mistakes, ask them to look at
you pre-teach. Instead, draw students’ attention to the the relevant chart to self-correct. If possible, keep a
footnote numbers, and encourage them to watch for copy of the current chart(s) visible in the classroom for
them while reading. Provide any clarification students easy reference. Following are some ways to present
need about the glossed words. the charts in class.

Comprehension Check Structure Charts

■■ To accommodate a variety of levels, have students Some charts, like the one that follows, break down the
complete the Comprehension Check individually. structure of the target language, with target language
Write an additional comprehension question or a in bold. Here are some possibilities for teaching
related question on the board for early finishers to structure charts.
answer.
■■ If you think the activity is too challenging for some Base
of your students, have them compare their answers Time Wh- Form
with a partner before you review the answers as Context Word Would Subject of Verb
a class. This gives students a low-stress way of I
checking their work. Consider pairing students of you
different levels based on your pre-assessment. In the how he/she/ the
would heat
past, where it water?
Notice we
■■ The Notice activity guides students to find the they
target language in the text. Explain that scanning
quickly for specific words is often an effective way ■■ Have students start the lesson with books closed.
to find the target language (for example, suggest Write one of the examples from the chart on
that they look for the words have or has in a unit the board. Ask questions to check students’
on the present perfect). To get them started, have understanding of the grammar. (What’s the
students look at item 1 and tell you which word subject? What’s the verb?) Write labels above
they should scan for. the example so that you are recreating the chart
■■ In some cases, you may want students to try to headings on the board. Ask students to provide
give answers before they look for them in the additional examples to fit the pattern. Then have
text. Ask students to share their answers. Then students open their books to study the chart.
have students scan the article to find the correct ■■ Have students repeat chorally, or call on individuals
answers. to read the questions/sentences in the chart.
■■ Have students do the first part of the activity ■■ Use the chart to conduct a substitution drill. Call on
(finding the target language) individually. Then individuals to say the sentences using, for example,
have them work in pairs to discuss the question or a different verb.
complete the final part of the activity.

General Teaching Suggestions 5

■■ Use the chart for structured question-and-answer Time lines
practice; that is, have one student ask a question
Use time lines to talk about tenses. List events on
using the words in the chart and another student
the time line and ask questions to elicit the target
give an appropriate answer.
grammar. (What can you tell me about this person?
■■ Have students write additional examples for How long has Maria had her job?)
the chart.
Grammar Application
Usage Charts
This section follows each Grammar Presentation and
Some charts, like the one that follows, contain usage gives students practice with the target grammar in
notes on the left and example sentences on the right, a variety of contexts. The exercises progress from
with the target language in bold. Here are some more controlled to more open-ended practice and
possibilities for teaching usage charts. incorporate the use of all four major skills (reading,
writing, listening, speaking). Opportunities for
a. Use subject Alison wants to be personalization are also offered. A Data from the
pronouns to replace more fit. She is taking Real World box may be included as well, providing
an exercise class. students with an opportunity to practice common
nouns in the subject real-life uses of the grammar point, giving them tools
position. to make their English sound more natural.
b. Use object Sara loves exercise This section of the Student’s Book practices the
pronouns to replace classes. She takes them target grammar in a variety of theme-related
nouns in the object three times a week. contexts. The recurring exercise types are listed
below with classroom strategies given for each.
position.
Multiple Choice, Sentence Completion,
■■ Discuss each usage note and read the example
sentences. Ask students to identify texts or and Matching Activities
conversations where they encounter the target For these activities, have students work individually.
language. For example, the imperative is often To ensure that students are processing the
found in recipes and instructions. Elicit the target information and to expand on the activities, ask them
grammar by asking students questions. To check to do one or more of the following:
imperative forms, for example, you may ask, Can ■■ Explain the choice they made using information
anyone tell me how to make coffee? from the usage chart.
■■ Write a variety of examples on the board for each ■■ Check and discuss their answers with a partner.
usage note (or distribute the examples on paper
■■ Put another example on the board for their
to students). Ask students to work in pairs to
classmates to complete.
match the usage notes from the chart with the new
examples. Listening Activities
■■ Ask students to work in small groups to come up
with an additional example for each note. You can Follow these steps with the listening activities.
add challenge by asking students to incorporate 1. Direct students to read the activity before they
the unit theme and any target vocabulary. listen to help prepare them for what they will hear.
To make the activity more challenging, have them
Additional Presentation Strategies guess the answers before listening.
2. Play the audio once all the way through at normal
Photos and Art speed. Be sure to tell students that you will play it
Use pictures from magazines or the Internet. Talk again. Then play it again, pausing after each item if
about a picture using the target language. (I think students need time to finish writing. Play it a third
that before they got in the car, they had dinner at a time, again at normal speed.
nice restaurant. Now they’re going to drive to the 3. When you reach the end of the exercise, direct
beach. They have driven down this road many times.) students to read through it again. You may want
Use a different picture to elicit the target language students to compare their answers with a partner’s
from students. (What happened before this picture? so that they can check for potential errors.
What’s going to happen next? What have they 4. Go over the answers by having students write them
already done?) on the board (one student can write four or five
answers), or project the exercise with an overhead
or LCD projector, and complete it together.

6 General Teaching Suggestions

Scramble Activities Editing Task
Have students write the answers on the board. Tell Have students work individually to complete the task
them to be sure they haven’t left out any words. They and then compare answers with a partner. Do one of
can do this by counting the number of words in the the following to correct the task.
scramble activity and making sure it matches the ■■ Once the task is complete, ask two or more
number of words in their completed sentence. students to read the corrected version aloud. Be
sure to call on different students each time, so
Writing Activities everyone feels accountable.
In these activities, students write or complete ■■ Use an LCD or overhead projector to have students
sentences with their own ideas. Be sure that they work together to correct it.
receive feedback on their work. Try one or more of ■■ Let students know if they miss a mistake, and
these techniques: tell them the category it falls under in the Avoid
■■ Have students share their sentences in small groups Common Mistakes box. Ask them to search the
and then complete the activity on poster paper or paragraph again.
on a regular piece of paper, choosing at least one
sentence from each member. Post each group’s Grouping Strategies
paper so that other students can move around
and see it. Tell students to find errors and correct It is difficult to overestimate the value of using a variety
them. Choose global errors to put on the board and of grouping strategies in the classroom. In addition to
discuss in depth with the entire class. making the class more dynamic, it helps you address
■■ Have students put sentences on the board. While different learning styles. Time for individual work
they are writing, walk around and spot-check the is important because it allows students to process
work of other students. material in their own ways, but there are also many
advantages to pair and group work.
Data from the Real World
These boxes contain research-based usage Setting Up Groups
information, informed by the world’s largest corpus.
Go over them with the students. Where appropriate, ■■ To create random groups, pass out “four of
ask for additional examples and discuss students’ a kind” items, such as colored slips of paper
own impressions or “real world” experiences with the or playing cards. Then ask students to stand,
target language. and guide them to different areas of the room:
Everyone with a blue paper, come over here.
For example, if the box says, “You can use someone Alternatively, you can have students count off by
with imperatives: Someone turn off the lights,” ask threes or fours. Once they’ve counted, ask for a
students where they might hear this sentence (in show of hands. (All Number 1s, raise your hands.)
a classroom, at work). Ask students for additional Then have all students with the same number
examples. sit together. Advantage: Helps build classroom
community, challenges students to “get out of
Avoid Common Mistakes their shells,” and increases the energy level of the
This section presents a few of the most common class.
learner errors associated with the target grammar, ■■ To create mixed-level groups, use items that
based on the world’s largest error-coded learner represent two or more levels. For example, pass
corpus. It develops students’ awareness of common out blue cards to higher-level students (or students
mistakes and gives them an opportunity to practice who performed best on an assessment) and white
identifying and correcting these errors in an editing cards to lower-level students. Tell students to form
exercise. groups consisting of, for example, two blue cards
and two white cards.
The information in this section is based on an
Advantage: Allows for peer tutoring, gives lower-
extensive database of authentic student writing, so
level students exposure to higher-level English,
you can be sure that the errors indicated are truly
helps lower-level students feel like an integral part
high-frequency. This later gives students an editing
of the class.
focus. If you see these mistakes during unit activities
(or even after you’ve moved on to later units), rather ■■ To create same-level groups, use the same
than correcting them yourself, refer students to the strategy as for mixed-level groups (items to
box in this section. represent levels). Tell students to form groups of
all white cards or all blue cards.
Advantage: Allows you to tailor the activity
to the level of the group (by simplifying

General Teaching Suggestions 7

 it for the lower-level group or by making Lower-level Students
it more challenging/open-ended for the
higher-level group). Use one or more of these techniques for working
with lower-level students:
■■ Adapt activities for lower-level students so that
Pair Work
they can focus on one task. For example, provide
■■ For pair work that involves collaborative work, you a word bank so they only need to choose the word
may want to pair students of similar levels so that that belongs in a particular blank, or provide a
one isn’t doing all of the work. Or pair students sentence frame so they only need to supply, for
of different levels and give each partner a distinct example, the verb.
role. (Partner A says the question, and Partner B ■■ Seat students in mixed-level groups and assign an
writes it down.) easier role for lower-level students (for example,
■■ For pair-work activities that encourage repetition, the reporter who reads the group’s answers to the
like interviews and surveys, conduct a “walk- class).
around.” Have students walk around the room and
ask questions to multiple classmates.
Higher-level Students
Strategies for Multi-level ■■ Provide more open-ended tasks for these students
after they have completed the exercises in the
Classrooms book (for example, write sentences based on the
grammar chart).
Every class has students at different levels, whether
the class is designated “multi-level” or not. Following ■■ Group higher-level students and give them a
are some ways to help lower- and higher-level special project to complete while you work with
students within multi-level contexts. It is important lower-level students (for example, write a story
to use a variety of strategies to address different using four words from the Academic Word List and
student needs. Too much separation of lower-level at least two examples of the grammar point).
students may make them feel as though they don’t
belong in the class, and too much peer tutoring may
be frustrating for higher-level students.

8 General Teaching Suggestions

Class Audio Script
Unit 1 Yuko Really? My next class is reading, too.
Are you in my class? It’s at 1:30.
Exercise 3.2: Affirmative or Negative? Juan Maybe. Is your class in Building H?
B Yuko Yes, it’s in Building H, room 308.
1. Juan Then I’m in your class, too!
Carlos Carlos Ramirez. Yuko Hmm. Where’s Building H?
Kim Hi, Carlos. It’s Kim. How are you? Juan It’s on the hill, over there.
Carlos I’m sick. Yuko Oh, OK. What time is it?
Kim I’m sorry. Are you at home? Juan It’s 1:20. Uh-oh. We’re late!
Carlos No, I’m at work today. I’m so busy. Yuko No, we aren’t.
2. Juan Are you sure?
Ana Hi. This is Ana Cook. Sorry I’m not in Yuko Yes. Class is at 1:30.
my office. Please leave a message, and Juan Oh, you’re right. That’s good. Let’s go.
I will call you back. Conversation B (Thursday)
Jane Ana, this is Jane. Where are you today? Yuko Hey, Juan. How are you?
Oh, right! I remember. It’s Friday. You Juan I’m OK. How are you?
and your boss take a Spanish class on Yuko I’m fine, thanks.
Friday. I’ll call later. Juan How are your classes?
3. Yuko They’re fine, but they’re all really big.
Juan Juan speaking. Juan Really? How many students are in your
Barbara Hello, Juan. This is Barbara. Are you at classes?
home? Yuko About 25 to 30. Is that unusual?
Juan Hi, Barbara. No, I’m not at home. I’m at Juan No, it isn’t. Who’s your grammar
the doctor’s office with the children. I’ll teacher?
call you back later, OK? Yuko Mr. Walters. He’s funny, but his class is
Barbara OK. Talk to you soon. difficult.
4. Juan So, when’s your next class?
Karen Hello. Yuko Let me see. Today’s Thursday.
Karen’s Mom Hi, Karen, it’s Mom. You’re not in class Computer lab is at 3:00.
today? Juan When is it over?
Karen No, I’m with my classmates and my Yuko At 4:15. Let’s meet after that.
teacher. We’re at the baseball game, at
the stadium. I’ll call you later. Unit 3
5.
David Hello. David Marks. Exercise 2.3: Pronunciation Focus: Plural Nouns
Friend Hi, Dave. Where are you? At the
stadium? For nouns that end in the /əz/
David Well, no. I’m at home, the game’s on TV. sounds /s/, /ʃ/, /t ʃ/, /ʤ/, /s/ class – classes
/ks/, and /z/, say /əz/ in the /ʃ/ dish – dishes
6.
plural. These nouns have an /t ʃ/ watch – watches
Drew Hi! It’s Drew at 732-555-6258. Leave
extra syllable in the plural /ʤ/ message – messages
me a message! form. /ks/ box – boxes
John Hi, Drew! It’s John. Ling and I are at the /z/ quiz – quizzes
movie theater on Green Street. Come
For most other nouns, say /s/ or /z/
join us! Give me a call. /s/ or /z/ in the plural. book – books
phone – phones
accessory – accessories
Unit 2
A
Grammar in the Real World
A 1. purse; purses
2. bag; bags
Conversation A (Monday) 3. map; maps
Yuko So, is your next class writing? 4. door; doors
Juan No, it’s reading. 5. size; sizes

Class Audio Script 9

6. computer; computers 3.
7. page; pages Man 3 Where are you and Steve?
8. closet; closets Man 4 We’re inside the movie theater.
9. phone; phones Man 3 Where’s the movie theater?
Man 4 It’s across from the supermarket.
4.
Unit 4 Woman 3 Where are you?
Woman 4 I’m at the park with my dog.
Exercise 2.3: Demonstratives Without Nouns Woman 3 Where’s the park?
B Woman 4 Next to the school.
Jane How much are these? 5.
Salesclerk $30. Man 5 Where’s the post office?
Jane Thank you. That’s a nice computer. Woman 5 It’s across from the school.
Lisa Yes, it has a big screen. What’s that on the Man 5 OK. Thanks.
front?
Salesclerk It’s the webcam. And here’s the
headphone jack. Unit 7
Jane Yeah. Is this a new model?
Salesclerk No. This is an old model. That’s why it’s on Exercise 2.3: There Is / There Are or It Is / They Are
sale. That’s the new model over there. B
Jane Oh, I see. Hey, these are great headphones. Hi, my name is Mi-Sun. My hometown is Concord,
Lisa Yeah? Buy them! Massachusetts. It’s a small historic town near Boston.
Jane Hmmm . . . They’re $250. No, thank you! There are some historic buildings in Concord.
They’re very old. There are also a lot of small shops.
They’re usually expensive.
Unit 5 There’s an old hotel. It’s called the Colonial Inn.
It’s a popular place for lunch and dinner. There are a
Exercise 3.1: Questions with What . . . like? lot of special events at the hotel, like weddings and
B meetings. There’s often live music at night. I like to go
John I have exciting news! I have a new job! and listen to jazz.
Erica That’s great! There’s a national park by the Concord River.
John Well, the bad news is this: It’s in St. Louis. It’s beautiful and peaceful. There are always lots of
It’s not here in Chicago. tourists at the park. It has a famous bridge – Old
Erica Wow! What’s St. Louis like? North Bridge. Also, there’s a very famous statue of
John It’s an old Midwestern city in Missouri. a minuteman next to the bridge. The soldier was
Erica What’s the weather like in the winter? called a “minuteman” because he could get ready in
John It’s very cold, and it’s snowy. a minute. A historic battle happened there in 1775. I
Erica What are the people like? often walk there with friends.
John They’re very friendly.
Erica What are the restaurants like?
John They’re good and not too expensive. Unit 8
Exercise 2.4: Pronunciation Focus: - s and - es
Unit 6 Say /s/ after /f/, /k/, /p/, laughs, drinks, walks,
Exercise 2.2: Prepositions of Place: Things in the and /t/ sounds. sleeps, writes, gets
Neighborhood Say /z/ after /b/, /d/, /g/, grabs, rides, hugs, lives,
B /v/, /m/, /n/, /l/, and /r/ comes, runs, smiles, hears,
sounds and all vowel sees, plays, buys, goes,
1. sounds. studies
Woman 1 Where are you?
Man 1 I’m in the parking lot. Say /əz/ after /t ʃ/, /ʃ/, /s/, teaches, pushes, kisses,
/ks/, /z/, and /ʤ / sounds. fixes, uses, changes
Woman 1 Where’s that?
Man 1 It’s in front of the supermarket. Pronounce the vowel sound do /du:/ ➞ does /dʌz/
2. in does and says differently say /seɪ/ ➞ says /sez/
from do and say.
Man 2 Are you at the bookstore?
Woman 2 No. I’m at the hair salon.
Man 2 Where’s that?
Woman 2 It’s above the coffee shop.

10 Class Audio Script

A A
laughs Do you fall asleep with music on?
drinks Do you like loud music?
walks Do you dance when you listen to music?
sleeps Do you listen to music all the time?
writes Do you study with music on?
gets Do you sing along to music?
grabs Do you have an MP3 player?
rides
hugs
lives Unit 10
comes
runs Exercise 2.4: Pronunciation Focus: Intonation in
smiles Questions
hears
sees In information
plays questions, our voice Where do you go on vacation?
buys usually goes down.
goes We call this falling Why do you stay home?
intonation.
studies
teaches When do you see your relatives?
pushes In Yes/No questions,
kisses our voice often goes Do you celebrate Memorial Day?
fixes up. We call this
uses rising intonation. Is that your favorite day of the year?
changes
do; does Does she work at night?
say; says
A
C 1.
1. Staci goes to school from Monday to Friday from Man Excuse me. Are you from Japan?
7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.; goes Woman Yes, I am. I’m from Tokyo.
2. Then she rushes to work.; rushes 2.
3. She works at a hospital until 8:00 p.m.; works Man Can I ask you some questions?
4. In the evening, Staci catches a bus to go home.; Woman Sure!
catches 3.
5. On her way home, she listens to music and Man What’s your favorite holiday in Japan?
relaxes.; listens Woman New Year’s Day.
6. On her way home, she listens to music and 4.
relaxes.; relaxes Man Why is it your favorite?
7. She eats a quick dinner with her family.; eats Woman Because we have special food for the
8. Then she reads to her children and checks their holiday, and we relax all day.
homework.; reads 5.
9. Then she reads to her children and checks their Man Do you help your mother with the cooking?
homework.; checks Woman Yes, I do. We also see all our relatives on
10. If she isn’t too tired, she finishes her own home- New Year’s Day.
work.; finishes 6.
11. Staci usually falls asleep by 10:00 p.m.; falls Man Do you play any special games?
Woman No, not really. But we watch some special
TV programs.
Unit 9 7.
Man What else do you do on New Year’s Day?
Exercise 2.3: Pronunciation Focus: Do you . . . ? Woman Well, we read all our holiday cards then.
In speaking, people often say Do you very fast. It 8.
can sound like one word (“D’you”). Always write Do Man Do you really save all the cards to open on
you as two words, but say it fast so it sounds like one the same day?
word (“D’you”). Woman Yes, it’s a special custom.

Class Audio Script 11

B missed
Are you from Japan? finished
Can I ask you some questions? watched
What’s your favorite holiday in Japan? listened
Why is it your favorite? changed
Do you help your mother with the cooking? lived
Do you play any special games? played
What else do you do on New Year’s Day? agreed
Do you really save all the cards to open on the same day? borrowed
Exercise 3.2: Pronunciation Focus: Saying
Irregular Simple Past Verbs
Unit 11
Sometimes the spelling read ➞ read
Exercise 3.2: The Position of Because
of two verbs is the say ➞ said
1. Leo works at night because he goes to school same, or similar, but but
during the day. the pronunciation is pay ➞ paid
2. Tony can only study in the mornings because he different. hear ➞ heard
thinks more clearly then. Sometimes the letters buy ➞ bought
3. Because Bob’s alarm clock doesn’t work, he is gh are not pronounced. think ➞ thought
always late. When you learn an irregular verb, learn the pronunciation,
4. Jamal can’t study at home because his roommates too.
are too noisy.
5. Because Leo forgets to write his assignments A
down, he often misses them.
read; read
6. Tony and Jamal sometimes miss class because they
say; said
play basketball instead.
pay; paid
hear; heard
buy; bought
Unit 12 think; thought
Exercise 2.3: Pronunciation Focus: Saying Simple
Past Verbs Unit 13
When the verb ends in /ıd/ or /əd/ Exercise 3.1: Simple Past Information Questions
/t/ or /d/, say -ed as an /t/ wait ➞ waited and Answers
extra syllable /ɪd/ or / /d/ decide ➞ decided B
əd/.
Today, we have some successful young business
When the verb ends in /t/ owners. We want to find out two things: Why were
/f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /∫/, and /f/ laugh ➞ laughed they successful? What can we learn from them?
/t∫/, say -ed as /t/. /k/ look ➞ looked
The first person is Shelly Hwang – a good example
/p/ stop ➞ stopped
/s/ miss ➞ missed
of a successful small business owner. Well, she started
/∫/ finish ➞ finished out small, but now her business is quite big. Hwang is
/t∫/ watch ➞ watched from South Korea. She moved to Los Angeles when
she was 19-years-old to study business. After college,
For verbs that end in /d/
other consonant and listen ➞ listened she started several businesses, but they were not
vowel sounds, say -ed change ➞ changed successful. Then her business partner, Young Lee,
as /d/. live ➞ lived had the idea of a frozen yogurt store. She and Lee
play ➞ played developed the business concept together. Lee also
agree ➞ agreed designed the inside of the store – it was very modern
borrow ➞ borrowed and simple. The idea was to have simple, fresh, and
healthy frozen yogurt. She opened her first Pinkberry
A store in California in 2006. The first store only had two
waited flavors: original and green tea.
decided Customers liked Pinkberry because the yogurt
laughed wasn’t too sweet. Pinkberry became very popular.
looked Hwang expanded her business in 2008, and she now
stopped has a lot of stores across the United States.

12 Class Audio Script

Unit 14 at lunchtime, he read an article about a bank Internet
scam. He realized the e-mail from the bank was that
Exercise 3.1: Simple Past of Be: Yes/No scam. After he read the article, he called his wife.
Questions Luckily, when his wife read the e-mail, she realized it
B was a scam and deleted the e-mail.
Tanya Grandpa, can I ask you some questions
for my school assignment?
Grandfather Of course. I hope I can answer them. Unit 16
Tanya Don’t worry. They’re easy questions. Exercise 3.2: How Much . . . ? and How Many . . . ?
First of all, when were you born?
A
Grandfather I was born in 1940.
Tanya And were you born in New York City? Gina OK. So what do we need for the picnic?
Grandfather No, I wasn’t. I was born in Turkey. I came Tomo Well, how many students are there in the
here when I was two. class?
Tanya Oh, I didn’t know that. Now, was your Gina There are 18 students, plus the teacher,
family large? so that makes 19 people.
Grandfather Oh, yes. There were five girls and two Tomo How much money do we have?
boys. Gina We have $90.
Tanya And your brother – my great-uncle Tomo $90?
Steve – was he a good student? Gina Right. That’s $5 for each student. The
Grandfather Ha, ha. No, he wasn’t. But he’s a very teacher doesn’t pay.
successful businessman now. Tomo Oh, right.
Tanya Were you and your brother good Gina I have all the choices here, so . . . you
friends? write the list, OK?
Grandfather Oh, yes. We were like best friends. Tomo OK. How many people want water?
Tanya And your sisters? Were they nice to How many bottles of water do we
you? need? Um . . . 8, 9, 10. Ten for water.
Grandfather Do you want the truth? No, not really. Gina Ten bottles of water. How much juice do
Tanya That’s sad. Were you and your sisters we need? I guess nine bottles, right?
the same age? Tomo Yeah. Nine bottles of juice.
Grandfather No, we weren’t. They didn’t pay Gina Right. Now the food.
much attention to me or my brother Tomo OK, so how many people want
because we were so little. But later, that sandwiches? Let’s see . . . four, five, six.
changed. Six. And the rest want chicken salad.
Tanya All of the children worked at your Gina OK. How many bags of potato chips?
father’s store. Was it near your house? Tomo Uhh . . . 16 for potato chips.
Grandfather Yes, it was downstairs! We lived upstairs. Gina What’s next? Oh, salad and vegetables.
I was never late for work! How much salad do we need?
Tomo Fourteen bowls of salad and 5 want
vegetables.
Unit 15 Gina Fourteen? OK. So now how much
cheese and how many cookies?
Exercise 2.2: Ordering Events Tomo Ten people want cookies and nine want
A and C cheese and crackers, so what do you
About a year ago, my friend Leo was almost a think? A pound of cheese?
scam victim. One morning, he saw an e-mail from Gina Yeah. A pound of cheese is fine. So that
his bank before he went to work. When he opened just leaves the fruit.
the e-mail, it said, “You have a new account number. Tomo Yeah, so how many people want
Write your old account number here so we can check oranges?
your identity.” He didn’t have time to reply before he Gina Fifteen want an orange. So 15 oranges.
left home. Before he left for work, he wrote a note to Tomo And how much watermelon do we
his wife, “Please reply to the bank’s e-mail.” Then he need?
left for work. Gina Four pieces of watermelon.
When he got to the subway station, he bought a Tomo Great. That’s it.
newspaper. After he got on the train, he met a co-
worker and they talked. When he read the newspaper

Class Audio Script 13

Unit 17 Kyla It looks like Su’s shelf is full of healthy
things.
Exercise 3.2: A Lot Of, A Little, A Few, or Many Sara Yes. Those vitamins are hers. Her shelf is
Karina’s English class at Dixon College is very always very neat, too. Su and Mari share
international. Her class has a few Russians: Karina one shelf. That top shelf is theirs. It always
and two others. There are many students from Brazil, has baskets of fruit on it.
perhaps 80 percent. There are a few students from Kyla Which shelf is yours?
Japan, but not many. The rest are from other Asian Sara This one is mine.
countries like Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Kyla Oh, so are those your bowls?
They come from all over the world and bring Sara Yes, those are mine. They’re from Japan.
interesting stories with them. Rosa is from São Paulo, Kyla They’re very pretty. Whose things are on
Brazil, and listens to a lot of Brazilian music. She loves this shelf?
it. She also has a few songs from Puerto Rico on her Sara Oh, those are ours. We all share that shelf.
computer, but not many. Seri, from Penang, has a lot OK. Well, let’s start cooking.
of beautiful furniture from Malaysia in her house. Keiko, Kyla Right. So, who’s coming for dinner tonight?
from Japan, taught Karina and Rosa a little Japanese, Sara Our families! We have a lot of cooking to do.
but the words are difficult to remember. Noom, from
Bangkok, loves his country’s food. Sometimes he
makes a little Thai food for his classmates, but not Unit 20
much because it’s very hot for them. Linh, who moved
from Vietnam, eats a lot of spicy food. She loves it!
Exercise 2.5: Imperatives with Always and Never
Sometimes Karina brings in a little borscht, a Russian A
soup. Only Keiko and Noom like it, so she doesn’t make Female Announcer This is a travel-guide podcast
a lot of it. The best part of Karina’s diverse class is that brought to you by the Radio
she can hear many languages besides English every day! Connections team. This week’s
podcast is about Brazil.
Male Announcer Brazil is a wonderful place to visit,
Unit 18 work, or study. But before you get
there, there are some things you
Exercise 2.2: Pronunciation Focus: Pronouncing need to know about the social
A and An customs. We asked a team of
young people who visited Brazil
We pronounce a and an with a decision an analyst last year to write a list of Dos and
a weak sound /ə/ or /ən/, a business an ostrich Don’ts for us. Here’s their podcast.
because we don’t stress the a risk an opinion
Female Student Here’s tip number 1: This is very
articles.
important for tourists: When you
speak with someone, always look
A
them in the eye. Showing steady
a decision eye contact shows that you’re
a business engaged in what they’re saying.
a risk Most people in Brazil like to give
an analyst their hostess extra time to finish
an ostrich getting ready. For this reason, they
an opinion often come to parties late. Never
arrive at parties early.
Male Student Always bring your hostess a small
Unit 19 gift. Flowers are common.
Exercise 2.3: Possessive Pronouns, Possessive Female Student The next tip is about eating. In
Brazil, people don’t carry a meal
Determiners, and Verbs
with them when they walk to class
A
or work. It’s generally not a good
Sara Kyla, let’s cook dinner! idea to eat food in class.
Kyla Wow, your kitchen is complicated. Look at Male Student In restaurants, waiters don’t want
all the shelves! you to feel rushed, so they won’t
Sara Well, that’s Franny’s shelf. She eats a lot of bring your check until you ask for
junk food. Those bags of chips are hers. As it. When you go to a restaurant
you can see, her shelf is full of chips and and are ready to leave, always ask
candy. your server for the check.

14 Class Audio Script

Female Student Finally, most people leave a 10 Carol Yes. And on Linkage, you can find a job.
percent tip. So, if you don’t leave That’s important. Can you do that on
a tip, you look very rude. Gen 5?
Male Announcer Have a great trip and enjoy your Ji-Sek No, you can’t find a job on Gen 5. But
stay in Brazil. you can post pictures on it. Gen 5’s good
Female Announcer This was a travel guide podcast for that.
brought to you by the Radio Carol Oh. You can’t post pictures on Linkage.
Connections team. It’s not that kind of site.

Unit 21 Unit 22
Exercise 2.2: Pronunciation Focus: Saying Can Exercise 2.1: Using Can, Could, and Would in
and Can’t Requests and Answers
A
Sometimes it’s hard to hear the difference between can
Elena I need to talk to Professor Baker. Can you
and can’t.
tell me what building he’s in?
People usually do not I can use a laptop usually Freda Yeah, sure. He’s in the Ross Building. I’m
pronounce the a in can sounds like I c’n use a laptop. going there now. Come on! So, what’s up?
very clearly. Can I use your phone? usually
Elena Oh, it’s just a problem about the exams.
sounds like C’n I use your
phone?
Can you come with me to Professor
Baker’s office? Do you know where it is?
People always say the a I can’t use an e-reader. Freda Yeah, sure. I met with him last semester.
in can’t very clearly. He can’t find his phone.
Elena When I finish with the professor, can we
In short answers, Yes, I can. meet up again later?
people always say the a No, I can’t. Freda Yeah, good idea.
in can and can’t clearly. Elena Just one problem. I don’t know what time
the meeting finishes. Can you wait for me
A in the cafeteria?
1. I can use a laptop. Freda No problem. I can do my homework.
2. I can’t use a laptop. Elena Hello, Professor Baker. Do you have a
3. I can design a blog. minute?
4. I can’t design a blog. Prof. Baker Certainly. Would you close the door,
5. He can find his phone. please?
6. He can’t find his phone. Elena Of course. Could you help me, please? I
have an exam next Tuesday, and I have a
B
family wedding on that day. Would you
Ji-Sek I joined Gen 5. I like it better than Link- write a letter to the exam professor about
age. this?
Carol Really? Why? Prof. Baker Oh, I’m sorry. I can’t. A family wedding is
Ji-Sek Well, on Gen 5 you can chat with your not an excuse to miss an exam. That’s the
friends. On Linkage, you can’t chat. college’s policy.
Carol That’s true. But I don’t really want to chat. Elena Oh! Really?
On Linkage you can join interest groups. Prof. Baker I’m very sorry. Those are the rules.
Can you do that on Gen 5? Elena Oh, well, OK. Thank you for your time.
Ji-Sek Yes, you can. I joined two interest groups
last night.
Carol Well, on Linkage you can download Unit 23
songs. Can you do that on Gen 5?
Ji-Sek Yes, you can. I downloaded a song this Exercise 2.4: Negative Contractions
morning. Carla Hey, Rod. You’re not studying today?
Carol Can you send songs to your friends on Rod No, Chris isn’t coming to class today.
Gen 5? Carla You’re doing a project together, right?
Ji-Sek No, you can’t send songs to friends on Rod Yes, with Jon, Lisa, and Cristina, but it
Gen 5. Can you do that on Linkage? isn’t going well. We aren’t getting along
Carol Yes. I like that about Linkage. You can well, either.
send songs to anyone. It’s very easy. Carla Really? Why not?
Ji-Sek Oh. I didn’t know that.

Class Audio Script 15

Rod Well, Chris isn’t doing his share of the Philip I ate a garden salad.
work. He isn’t reading the books, and he Ana Maria Who did you eat with?
isn’t coming to meetings with the group. Philip I ate with my roommate here, Mike.
Carla What do the others in the group think? Ana Maria Hi! What did you have for lunch?
Rod They aren’t feeling too happy with him. Mike I had a chicken sandwich and fresh tomato
In fact, they aren’t speaking to him. We soup.
wrote a letter to the teacher about him. Ana Maria Thanks! Excuse me, can I ask you some
Carla Maybe it’s time to talk to him about it. questions? Who usually cooks your dinner?
I know he isn’t doing a good job, but Maya My mom usually does.
maybe there’s a reason for it. Ana Maria What is your favorite dish?
Rod I guess we aren’t giving him a chance to Maya It’s definitely my mom’s orange chicken.
explain. It’s great.
Ana Maria Thanks so much!

Unit 24
Unit 26
Exercise 3.1: Past Progressive and Simple Past
B Exercise 2.2: Pronunciation Focus: Saying
Accidental Discoveries! To: Want To, Would Like To
Sometimes, unexpected things happen, and
someone invents or discovers something. The In natural speech, Children like to play on
people say to quickly. It computers.
discovery of gravity – the force that pulls all the stars
can sound like /ta/ or / She wanted to share her
and planets to each other in the universe – is an
tə/. pictures.
example of this. In 1666, Isaac Newton, an English
scientist, was sitting in his garden when an apple fell Want to often sounds conversation
like “wanna.” What do you want to do?
from an apple tree. Newton got the idea of gravity
Do you want to go?
from that one moment.
Another story is about James Watt, who was born Do not use “wanna” formal speaking

in 1736. Some people say that while James Watt was in writing and formal In this presentation, I want to
speaking. talk about three problems.
looking at a boiling tea kettle, he got the idea for a
steam engine. People say ’d softly in I’d I’d like to join that new social
In 1799, French soldiers were working in Egypt like to. networking site.
when they found a stone with writing on it. This was
the famous Rosetta Stone. The stone helped people A
learn how to read Egyptian writing. Children like to play on computers.
In 1908, while a German woman was making a She wanted to share her pictures.
cup of coffee, she discovered that paper worked as What do you want to do?
an excellent filter for coffee and water. She invented Do you want to go?
coffee filters. In this presentation, I want to talk about three
In 1895, a German scientist was experimenting problems.
with electricity when he noticed that one piece of I’d like to join that new social networking site.
equipment was creating some strange green light B and C
around some objects. While he was working, he Vic What do you want to do as a career?
noticed that the stripes of light – or rays – went through Bryan I’d like to be a teacher. You know, I really want
paper but not thicker objects, and through humans to teach elementary school. I like to work with
but not through bones. By 1900, scientists everywhere children. How about you?
were working with the new rays, and doctors were Vic Well, I want to have my own business one day.
using X-rays to take pictures of people’s bones. Bryan Really? So, what kind of business do you hope
It’s amazing that all these inventions and to have?
discoveries happened by accident! Vic Well, I’d like to work with computers
somehow. Computers are my hobby right
now. I actually like to spend time in front of a
Unit 25 screen.
Bryan So, how do you do that? I mean, what do you
Exercise 3.1: Using Who and What
need to do?
B
Vic I guess I need to stay in college another year
Ana Maria Hi! My name is Ana Maria. What did you and develop my computer skills.
eat for lunch today?

16 Class Audio Script

Unit 27 Carla That’s smart. You can study from anywhere.
Do you know what you’re going to take?
Exercise 2.3: Be Going To or Present Progressive Sharon I think so. I like chemistry, so I’ll definitely
A take chemistry.
Welcome, students, and thank you for coming Carla Oh, so you’re interested in science?
today! As you know, we’re all here because of your Sharon Yeah. And I might take biology, too. I’ll
efforts to help Redview Community College become definitely take Spanish.
a better place of learning! With your help, we now Carla Awesome! But why Spanish?
have enough money to begin improvements. Sharon Well, my family’s going to move to California,
First, we’re replacing all the old computers in the so I thought Spanish might be useful.
library with new ones. The technician is coming in on Carla Well, let me know how it goes.
Monday to begin work. The librarian is ordering new Sharon Sure. I’ll definitely keep in touch. I’ll be
reference materials. They’re going to be here by next online all the time!
semester.
We’re going to expand our recycling program. I’m
meeting with some people from the environmental Unit 29
studies program this afternoon to finalize the details.
Exercise 2.2: More Suggestions and Advice
The biggest news is that we’re building a new
student center. It’s going to have a food court, a large
A
bookstore, and conference rooms for student groups Professor Taking good notes is an important part of
to meet in. We think that the builders are going to being a successful student. Let’s hear some
start next week. Unfortunately, it isn’t going to be advice from students about how they take
ready until next year. notes.
I hope you’re looking forward to the great new Teresa Some teachers speak very quickly. You
services on campus! Thank you, once again, for all of should ask these teachers if you can record
your help! the class. Then you can listen to the notes
again in your home. You shouldn’t record
Exercise 3.3: Pronunciation Focus: Information the class without the teacher’s permission.
Questions with Will Amadou You might want to attend a workshop on
note taking. That can be very helpful. I
When people Who’ll turn garbage into energy? know it helped me.
speak quickly and What’ll we do without oil? Alex Find a student with good notes and ask him
informally, they often How’ll we use body heat to warm
or her if you can copy the notes. You should
use the contraction ’ll a building?
probably offer to buy that student coffee or
instead of will after a When’ll we have cleaner cars and
Wh- word. trucks? a snack. Maybe you should suggest a time
to meet once a week to trade notes. If you
A aren’t sure how to suggest this, here are
some ways: “Why don’t we get together on
Who’ll turn garbage into energy?
Thursdays to trade notes?” or “Let’s meet
What’ll we do without oil?
in the student union.”
How’ll we use body heat to warm a building?
Professor Thank you for your suggestions. I ought to
When’ll we have cleaner cars and trucks?
add here that you shouldn’t just copy the
notes. You should compare their notes with
yours. Try to figure out what’s different.
Unit 28
Exercise 2.1: Will, May, and Might
A Unit 30
Carla So what’re your plans for the fall? Are you Exercise 2.2: Pronunciation Focus: Have To and
going to college? Has To
Sharon Actually, I might not go to a college. But
I think I’ll probably enroll in an online Have to is usually I hafta win the game.
program. pronounced “hafta.” You hafta see my new game!
Carla Oh, really? Like a degree online? Has to is usually She hasta try harder to win.
Sharon Yeah, or maybe just a few courses. The pronounced “hasta.” He hasta think quickly when he
thing is that my family is definitely going to plays this game!
move this year. So with an online program, I
probably won’t need to change schools.

Class Audio Script 17

A Joe Are you kidding? It’s so boring here. Didn’t you
I hafta win the game. like living in New York City?
You hafta see my new game! Bill Well, yes, I did. But the lifestyle is so different.
She hasta try harder to win. Joe What do you mean?
He hasta think quickly when he plays this game! Bill Well, it seems like everyone is always in a rush.
People walk more quickly, and they even talk
B faster. They work harder, and their hours are
Welcome to the Stack’em game website! Here are longer. People seem more serious.
some tips on how to win the game! Joe But you’re a student. The city is a fun place to
1. You don’t have to know many rules to win the be a student, isn’t it?
game. Bill Yes, it is. Restaurants and clubs stay open later,
2. A player has to move around different shapes to and there’s so much to do. But everything is
make lines. more expensive than it is in Grant, so you have
3. Players have to turn the pieces to make them fit. to choose carefully to find some inexpensive
4. The pieces have to fit together with no spaces to places. On the weekends, I went out more often
make the line disappear. than I do here.
5. As players get better, the pieces come more Joe Yeah. In Grant, you have to drive further to get
quickly. The player has to think very quickly. to a mall or movie. It takes an hour to get to the
6. You don’t have to play against someone. You can movie theater. But the good thing is – because
play by yourself. there’s nothing to do, we go out less often, so
7. Players have to have one of the top five scores for we spend money more slowly.
their name to be added to the “champion” list. Bill That’s for sure. And that’s a good thing because
8. Stack’em is fantastic! You have to play a lot to this summer I need to get a job and save money
become good, but it’s fun! for next year in New York City!

Unit 31 Unit 33
Exercise 3.2: Adjectives with Very and Too Exercise 2.2: Superlative Adjectives to Describe
B People
1. The party lasted for six hours. The party was very B
long, so we went home early. Claire So, who are the most important people in
2. The party lasted for an hour. Everyone wanted to your life?
stay longer. The party was too short. Monika Well, I guess my family and my best friends.
3. There were 75 people at the party. The living Claire OK. Tell me about your family.
room holds 50. The room was too small. Monika Well, let’s see. My closest family members
4. There were five people at the table. The table all live near me, so I see them often. I have
seats 12. The table was too big. three brothers: Tim, Liam, and Anthony.
5. The party was noisy, and I couldn’t hear conversa- Anthony is the youngest. He’s just 13. My
tions. The party was too noisy. grandmother is 75. She’s my oldest relative.
6. The party was noisy, but I had a great time. The My friends are mostly from my college days.
party was very noisy. One really special person is Tina.
7. Some people spoke quickly, but I understood Claire Tina? Is she your best friend?
most of it. Some people spoke very quickly. Monika Yeah. She’s the most unusual person I know,
8. One man spoke quickly, and I didn’t understand a and the most interesting. She has a pilot’s
word of it. He spoke too quickly. license and a degree in biology! Of all my
9. It was 25° F (-4° C) outside on the porch. We had friends, she definitely has the most exciting
to leave. It was too cold. job. She works for a tour company that
10. It was 43° F (6° C) outside on the porch. I wore takes people to some of the most exotic
my coat. It was very cold. places in the world. When we were in
college, she always got the highest grades.
She’s probably the most intelligent person I
Unit 32 know, and the most successful.
Claire Amazing!
Exercise 3.1: Making Comparisons with Adverbs
Joe Hi, Bill. Are you home for the summer?
Bill Yes, Joe, I’m back from college. It’s really nice to
be back in Grant.

18 Class Audio Script

Answer Key
1 Statements with Present Exercise 2.2 Present of Be: Contractions

of Be A page 7
2. ’s 10. ’s
Tell Me About Yourself 3. ’s 11. ’re
4. ’m 12. ’re
5. ’s 13. ’s
1 Grammar in the Real World 6. ’re 14. ’s
7. ’re 15. ’m
A page 2 8. ’s 16. ’s
Answers will vary. 9. ’s
B Comprehension Check page 2 B Pair Work page 7
1. an adviser Answers will vary.
2. Poland
3. store
3 Present of Be: Negative
C Notice page 2 Statements
1. ’m; ’m Exercise 3.1 Present of Be: Negative
2. is
3. are; ’re. Statements with Full Forms
A pages 8–9
2. are not 6. am not
2 Present of Be: Affirmative 3. is not 7. is not
Statements 4. are not 8. are not
Exercise 2.1 Present of Be: Full Forms 5. is not

A page 5 B Over to You page 9

2. are 5. are 2. am not; Answers will vary.
3. is 6. is 3. am not; Answers will vary.
4. is 7. are 4. am not; Answers will vary.
5. am not; Answers will vary.
B page 6 6. am not; Answers will vary.
2. It 5. He
3. They 6. He C Pair Work page 9
4. She 7. We Answers will vary.

C page 6 Exercise 3.2 Affirmative or Negative?

2. am 7. are
3. are 8. am A page 9
4. am 9. are 2. aren’t / are not
5. am 10. is 3. is; isn’t / ’s not
6. is 4. isn’t / ’s not; ’s
5. is; isn’t / ’s not
D Over to You page 6 6. ’re; aren’t / ’re not
1. is; Answers will vary. 7. isn’t
2. am; Answers will vary.
3. am; Answers will vary. B page 10
4. is; Answers will vary. 2. are; They’re not / They aren’t
5. is; Answers will vary. 3. are; They’re not / They aren’t
6. am; Answers will vary. 4. They’re not / They aren’t; They’re
7. Answers will vary. 5. He’s not / He isn’t; He’s
6. They’re not / They aren’t; They’re

Answer Key 19
C Pair Work page 10 3. Are; I am 7. Is; it is
Answers will vary. 4. Is; he / she is 8. Is; it isn’t
5. Are; I’m not

B page 16
Exercise 3.3 Negative of Be pages 10–11
1. b. Is she at home? No, she isn’t.
2. ’s not 5. ’re not
2. a. Is he hungry? Yes, he is.
3. isn’t 6. ’re not
b. Is he at the store? No, he isn’t.
4. ’s not 7. ’re not
3. a. Is it / the library open? No, it isn’t.
b. Is it a white building? No, it isn’t.
4 Avoid Common Mistakes
Editing Task page 11 Exercise 2.2 Plural Yes/No Questions
2. Her name is Amy. and Answers page 17
3. Amy and I are roommates. John: Are you and your classmates happy?
4. She’s / She is 27. Eric: Yes, we are.
5. She isn’t / is not a student. John: Are the homework assignments easy?
6. She’s / She is a science teacher. Eric: No, they aren’t / are not.
7. She’s / She is very nice and very smart. John: Are your classmates on time?
8. Amy isn’t / is not in school today. Eric: No, they aren’t / are not.
9. She’s / She is sick. John: Are you and your friends busy?
10. She’s / She is at home. Eric: Yes, we are.
John: Are the exams difficult?
Eric: Yes, they are.
2 Yes/No Questions and
Information Questions Exercise 2.3 Singular and Plural Yes/No
with Be Questions and Answers page 17
2. Are they from the same country? No, they aren’t /
Schedules and School are not.
3. Are they good students? Yes, they are.
4. Is Paulo smart? Yes, he is.
1 Grammar in the Real World 5. Is Paulo lazy? No, he isn’t / is not.
6. Are Julio’s classes every day from Monday to
A page 12
Friday? No, they aren’t / are not.
Answers will vary; Possible answer: Yuko and Juan
have the same reading class on Mondays.

B Comprehension Check page 12

3 Information Questions with Be
1. False 3. True Exercise 3.1 Information Questions with Be
2. False 4. True A page 19
C Notice page 12 2. Where’s 4. Who’s
3. What’s 5. When’s
1. Are 3. Is
2. Is 4. Are B page 20
Verbs are at the beginning of the questions.
2. How old are 4. How many; are
3. How much is 5. How much are
2 Yes/No Questions and Short
Answers with Be Exercise 3.2 Information Questions
Exercise 2.1 Singular Yes/No Questions and Answers page 20
and Answers 2. What is the student’s name? It’s / It is Jason
Armenio.
A page 16 3. When is the spring semester? It’s / It is February 1
2. Are; I’m not 6. Is; he / she isn’t through May 28.

20 Answer Key
4. What is his major? It’s / It is history. 2 Nouns; A / An
5. How much is the tuition? It’s / It is $2400.00.
6. How much is the parking permit? It’s / It is $120.00. Exercise 2.1 A or An
7. What is the total? It’s / It is $2769.00. A page 25
8. When are the final exams? They’re / They are May
2. an 6. a
24 through 28.
3. a 7. a
4. a 8. a
5. an
Exercise 3.3 More Information Questions and
Answers B Over to You page 25
Answers will vary.
Pair Work page 21
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2.2 Plural Nouns
4 Avoid Common Mistakes A page 26
batteries; calculators; cell phones; computers; video
Editing Task page 21 cameras
? dictionaries; notebooks
2. What is the school’s name. Accessories; dresses; belts; purses
is
3. How much the tuition is? B Pair Work page 26
^ it is
Is ?
4. “ your school expensive.” “Yes, it’s.” Answers will vary.
^
’s / is
5. What your major?
^
Are Exercise 2.3 Pronunciation Focus: Plural
6. Is you a good student?
is Nouns
7. When summer break is?
^ A page 26
Are
8. Is all your classes difficult?
1. 
2. 
3. 
3 Count Nouns; A / An; Have 4. 
✓
5. 
and Be 6. 

Gadgets ✓
7. 
8. 
9. 
1 Grammar in the Real World Nouns with an extra syllable in the plural form:
items 5, 7
A page 22
Answers will vary. B page 27
Yes No
B Comprehension Check page 22 2. taxes ✓
 
1. No 3. CD players  ✓

2. No 4. cases ✓
 
3. Yes 5. oranges ✓
 
6. pennies  ✓

C Notice page 22 7. students  ✓


1. an 8. brushes ✓
 

2. a
3. hours
4. phone

Answer Key 21
 9. dictionaries  ✓

5 Avoid Common Mistakes
10. matches ✓
 
11. chairs  ✓
 Editing Task page 31
12. quizzes ✓
  are
13. pens  ✓
 2. My neighbors is very friendly.
14. garages ✓
  are
3. Tom and Nancy Lim is my neighbors.
a
Exercise 2.4 Proper Nouns page 27 4. Nancy is computer programmer.
^
Answers will vary. 5. Tom isacell phone designer.
^
are
6. Their children is Joe and Cathy.
3 Be with A / An + Noun are
7. Joe and Cathy is students at Hatfield College.
Exercise 3.1 A / An + Noun page 28 a
8. Joe is student in the computer department.
2. an 7. an ^
3. a 8. a has
9. He have a lot of classes this year.
4. a 9. an a
5. a 10. a 10. Cathy is busy architecture student.
^
6. a 11. a

4 Demonstratives and
Exercise 3.2 A / An + Noun: Occupations Possessives
A page 28
The Workplace
2. a 2. is a chef.
3. f 3. is a receptionist.
4. d 4. are mechanics. 1 Grammar in the Real World
5. e 5. is a pharmacist.
6. b 6. is an electrician. A page 32
Answers will vary; Possible answer: The speakers
B Over to You page 29 mention 11 things: a desk, closet, office supplies,
Answers will vary. cabinets, printers, copy machines, papers, drawers,
photographs, conference rooms, and reports.

4 Have B Comprehension Check page 32

Exercise 4.1 Have page 30 1. c 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. d
2. has 6. has C Notice page 32
3. has 7. has
4. has 8. have 1. these
5. have 2. That
3. Those
4. this
Before singular nouns: that, this
Exercise 4.2 Have and Be page 30
Before plural nouns: these, those
2. is 10. has
3. is 11. have
4. has 12. are 2 Demonstratives (This, That, These,
5. has 13. have
6. is 14. is Those)
7. is 15. is Exercise 2.1 Demonstratives with Singular
8. am 16. are and Plural Nouns page 36
9. is
2. That 7. These
3. Those 8. That
4. This 9. That
5. These 10. These
6. That

22 Answer Key
Exercise 2.2 More Demonstratives with Exercise 3.2 Possessive ’s or s’?
Singular and Plural Nouns A page 41
Pair Work page 37 2. Krista’s 6. Tom’s
3. managers’ 7. daughter’s
Answers will vary.
4. Sara’s 8. cats’
5. brothers’
Exercise 2.3 Demonstratives without Nouns B Pair Work page 41
A page 37 Answers will vary.
3. thing
4. model
5. model Exercise 3.3 Questions with Whose and Who’s
6. the new model ✓ A page 42
7. headphones
2. Whose; Ki-woon’s birthday is in June.
B page 37 3. Who’s; Ling is Chinese.
4. Whose; Ki-woon’s major is Business.
Same as A.
5. Who’s; Missolle is Haitian.
6. Who’s; Ki-woon is from South Korea.
7. Whose; Ling’s major is Nursing.
Exercise 2.4 Questions and Answers with 8. Whose; Ling’s birthday is in October.
Demonstratives page 37 9. Who’s; Ki-woon is interested in soccer.
1. that; It’s 10. Whose; Missolle’s interests are music and cooking.
2. these; They’re
3. this; It’s B Pair Work page 42
4. those; They’re Answers will vary.
5. these; They’re; They’re
6. that; It’s
4 Avoid Common Mistakes
Exercise 2.5 More Questions and Answers Editing Task page 43
with Demonstratives A: Hi. I’m sorry to interrupt you, but where’s the
Pair Work page 38
manager’soffice?
Answers will vary. It’s ^
’s
B: Its next to Claudia office.
^
that
A: Where is those? I don’t know Claudia.
Exercise 2.6 Vocabulary Focus: Responses this
with That’s page 38 B: Oh, it’s down these hallway right here. Turn left
those
Possible answers: after you pass that two elevators.
2. That’s great. 5. That’s wonderful. it’s
A: Oh, OK. You mean its near the two assistants’ office.
3. That’s too bad. 6. That’s good. ^
4. That’s terrible.
B: That’s right. Do you know them?

A: Yes, I do.
3 Possessives and Whose Their
B: Then please give them a message. Theirs folders
Exercise 3.1 Possessives page 41
2. our 7. Their are on my desk.
3. your 8. our
4. my 9. His
5. her 10. Mr. Donovan’s
6. Juliana’s

Answer Key 23
5 Descriptive Adjectives C page 48
2. long
Skills and Qualities for Success 3. happy
4. interesting
5. old
1 Grammar in the Real World 6. young
7. friendly / helpful
A page 44
8. helpful / friendly
Answers will vary; Possible answer: Yes, these 9. late
websites are useful for employers.

B Comprehension Check page 44

Exercise 2.3 Vocabulary Focus: Nationality
Possible answers:
1. JobsLink is a social networking website.
Adjectives
2. Julia is a student. A page 49
3. Ricardo is an employer. 2. Chilean
4. Julia has an interview with Ricardo. 3. Kuwaiti
4. German
C Notice page 44
5. Vietnamese
1. Companies can find new workers.
6. English
2. He has a small business.
3. Julia is a hardworking student at a large B Over to You page 49
community college. Answers will vary.
4. Julia has a new job.
The adjectives come before the nouns.
3 Questions with What . . . like? and
2 Adjectives How + Adjective
Exercise 2.1 Adjective + Noun Exercise 3.1 Questions with What . . . like?

A page 47 A page 50
2. It’s an old Midwestern city in Missouri.
2. James is a hardworking person.
3. What’s; like
3. This is a useful website.
4. It’s very cold, and it’s snowy.
4. It has interesting jobs.
5. What are; like
5. This is a large company.
6. They’re very friendly.
6. James can send his new résumé.
7. What are; like
B page 47 8. They’re good and not too expensive.
Answers will vary. B page 51
Same as A.
Exercise 2.2 Vocabulary Focus: Opposites
C Over to You page 51
with Adjective + Noun and Be + Adjective
Answers will vary.
A page 48
2. new
D Pair Work page 51
3. small Answers will vary.
4. tall
5. good
6. long Exercise 3.2 Questions with How + Adjective
B Pair Work page 48 A page 51
Answers will vary. 2. How hot
3. How cold
4. How crowded
5. How expensive
6. How bad

24 Answer Key
B Pair Work page 52 2 Prepositions of Place: Things at
Answers will vary. Home and in the Neighborhood
C Pair Work page 52 Exercise 2.1 Prepositions of Place: Things
Answers will vary. at Home
A page 58
4 Avoid Common Mistakes Possible answer:
2. in front of the refrigerator
Editing Task page 53 3. under the table
Brazilian 4. on top of your gym bag
My name is Enrique. I'm brazilian. 5. on top of the refrigerator
6. behind the door
My company is called WeMeet. We connect people 7. on the counter
similar 8. in the coffee maker
with similars interests. Users find a interesting topic and
a business travelers
sign up to go to an meeting. Some travelers business B page 58
Possible answers:
use WeMeet to find customers, but most people go to 2. Where’s / Where is his watch? It’s on the table.
new 3. Where are his glasses? They’re on / on top of the
make news friends.
am a coffee machine.
My name is Miho. I Japanese. I’m a saleswoman in an 4. Where are his headphones? They’re under a chair.
^
Japanese helpful 5. Where’s / Where is his notebook? It’s under the
japanese computer company. We make helpfuls books.
an
robots. We have a ambitious plan to give everyone a
personal robot
C Pair Work page 58
robot personal for their home. Answers will vary.

6 Prepositions Exercise 2.2 Prepositions of Place: Things in

the Neighborhood
Around the House
A page 59
2. The camera store is between the shoe store and
1 Grammar in the Real World the coffee shop.
3. The red car is at the gas station.
A page 54
4. The shopping carts are outside / in front of the
Answers will vary. supermarket.
B Comprehension Check page 54 5. The bookstore is next to the bank.
1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. e B page 59
C Notice page 54 2. above the coffee shop.
3. across from the supermarket.
1. in
4. next to the school.
2. on top of
5. across from the school.
3. on; next to
4. on C Pair Work page 59
5. at
Answers will vary.
Something happens: items 4, 5
Where something is: items 1, 2, 3
3 Prepositions of Place: Locations
and Other Uses
Exercise 3.1 In, On, and At with Locations
A Pair Work page 61
1. in; Answers will vary.

Answer Key 25
2. in; Answers will vary. Exercise 4.2 Questions with Days, Dates,
3. on; Answers will vary.
and Times
4. at; Answers will vary.
5. on; Answers will vary. A page 66
6. on; Answers will vary. 2. What day is the concert?
3. When do the students have a break?
B page 61
4. What day is the Career Fair?
2. in 7. on 5. When is lunch?
3. in 8. in 6. What time is the welcome?
4. at 9. on
5. at 10. in B Pair Work page 66
6. on 11. in Possible answers:
2. It’s on Friday, April 23rd.
3. They have a break between 11:15 and 11:30.
Exercise 3.2 In, On, and At with Locations 4. It’s on Friday, April 23rd.
and Ordinal Numbers 5. It’s from 12:30 to 1:30.
6. It’s at 9:00.
A Over to You page 62
2. Answers will vary.
3. in; Answers will vary. 5 Avoid Common Mistakes
4. on; Answers will vary.
5. at; Answers will vary. Editing Task page 67
6. Answers will vary.
7. on; the; Answers will vary. Hi everyone,
8. Answers will vary. I have some news and an invitation! Vikram turns
in
B Pair Work page 62 25 years old on September, and I want to have
Answers will vary. on
a party for him. Unfortunately, his birthday is in
on
September 2, and that’s in Monday. Many of us
Exercise 3.3 Expressions with In, On, on
have to work on that day, so let’s have his party in
and At pages 62–63 on
1. at; at; at / in; on August 31. That’s in Saturday.
2. in; on; in; at / in at on
Let’s all meet at my apartment 7:00 in Saturday. I
3. in; on; at; at ^
4. in; at / in; at / in; on can invite Vikram to my apartment, too, and we can
surprise him. Then we can take him to his favorite
4 Prepositions of Time on
restaurant. There’s a great Spanish restaurant at Grand
Exercise 4.1 In, On, At with Time at
Avenue. I hope you can all come. My apartment is on
A page 64 on the
1. in; in 5. in 8 Bryant Place. I live in third floor.
2. in 6. at Thanks,
3. in 7. on
4. in 8. at; in Alyssa

B page 65
2. between 7. at / around 7 There Is and There Are
3.
4.
on
on
8.
9.
on
on
Local Attractions
5. in 10. at / around
6. at 1 Grammar in the Real World
A page 68
C Over to You page 65
Answers will vary; Possible answer: Some fun things
Answers will vary.
to do: See historic buildings, see statues, shop, visit

26 Answer Key
restaurants, listen to traditional music, and watch folk 5. There’s 11. It’s
dancing. 6. It’s 12. There are
7. It’s 13. there’s
B Comprehension Check page 68 8. There are
1. e 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. c
B page 74
C Notice page 68
Same as A.
There is … There are … C Over to You page 74
traditional music 27 historic buildings, Answers will vary.
restaurants

a statue of King Carlos III

a lot of interesting things 3 Yes/No Questions with There
to do Is / There Are
There is; There are Exercise 3.1 Questions and Answers
A page 76
2 There Is/There Are 1. Are there any; are
Exercise 2.1 Affirmative Statements 2. Is there a; there’s / there is
3. Are there any; are; 1:00 a.m.; 2:00 a.m.
A page 72
4. Are there any; No, there aren’t.
2. There are 6. there’s 5. Is there a; There’s / There is
3. there’s 7. There’s 6. Are there any; No, there aren’t.
4. there’s 8. There are 7. Is there a; Yes, there is.
5. there’s 9. There are 8. Is there a; Yes, there is.
B Over to You page 72 B Pair Work page 76
Answers will vary. 1. Is there an art festival?; Answers will vary.
2. Are there any jazz concerts?; Answers will vary.
C Pair Work page 72
3. Is there a baseball game?; Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. 4. Is there a dance performance?; Answers will vary.
5. Are there any new paintings at the museum?;
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2.2 Affirmative and Negative 6. Are there any good movies?; Answers will vary.
Statements
C page 77
A page 73 Answers will vary.
3. There isn’t
4. There aren’t D page 77
5. There isn’t Answers will vary.
6. There aren’t
7. There is
8. There aren’t 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
9. There is
10. There is Editing Task page 79
B Over to You page 73 New York City is an expensive place to visit, but
Answers will vary. is
there are one place that is always free: Central Park.
It
There is a very big park. In fact, it is about 2.5 miles
Exercise 2.3 There Is / There Are or It is / They are
(4 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) wide. There is
Are are
over 843 acres in the park. There is fields, ponds,
A page 74
3. There are 9. There’s and lakes. Visitors enjoy different kinds of sports
4. They’re 10. There’s
and events here. There are walkers, joggers, skaters,

Answer Key 27
 There is
bicyclists, and bird-watchers. There’s a zoo and two 4. doesn’t / does not see 9. goes
There is 5. take 10. runs
ice-skating rinks. There’s also an outdoor theater. 6. don’t / do not have 11. relax
The theater has “Shakespeare in the Park” summer

festivals. There is a swimming pool in the summer, Exercise 2.3 More Simple Present Statements
there are
too. Throughout the year, they’re horse and carriage A Over to You page 85
are Possible answers:
rides. Every year, there is over 25 million visitors. They
1. don’t / do not feel or feel
are happy to visit a fun and free New York City tourist 2. don’t / do not have or have
3. don’t / do not live or live
attraction. 4. don’t / do not exercise or exercise
5. don’t / do not eat or eat
6. don’t / do not sleep or sleep
8 Simple Present 7. don’t / do not spend or spend
8. don’t / do not do or do
Lifestyles 9. don’t / do not drink or drink
10. don’t / do not read or read

1 Grammar in the Real World B Pair Work page 85

Answers will vary.
A page 80
Answers will vary; Possible answer: They live a lifestyle
that is common for people who have a long life. Exercise 2.4 Pronunciation Focus: -s and -es
B Comprehension Check page 80 A page 85
Possible answers: No answers.
1. People live so long because of their lifestyle.
2. They rarely feel stressed. B page 86
3. They usually don’t eat much meat. Staci goes to school from Monday to Friday from
7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Then she rushes to work. She
C Notice page 80 works at a hospital until 8:00 p.m. In the evening,
1. move 3. walk Staci catches a bus to go home. On her way home,
2. don’t 4. Every day; take she listens to music and relaxes. She eats a quick
don’t: 2 dinner with her family. Then she reads to her children
time: every day and checks their homework. If she isn’t too tired, she
finishes her own homework. Staci usually falls asleep
by 10:00 p.m.
2 Simple Present: Affirmative and
Negative Statements C page 86
/s/ /z/ /əz/
Exercise 2.1 Simple Present Statements
2. rushes ✓
page 84
3. works ✓
2. goes
3. checks; works 4. catches ✓
4. is 5. listens ✓
5. works 6. relaxes ✓
6. does
7. eats ✓
7. relax
8. eat; don’t / do not smoke 8. reads ✓
9. checks ✓
10. finishes ✓
Exercise 2.2 More Simple Present Statements
11. falls ✓
page 84
2. feel 7. eat D Pair Work page 86
3. works 8. doesn’t / does not have
Answers will vary.

28 Answer Key
 wake get
Exercise 2.5 Using Time Expressions with usually wakes me up. Of course, I do not gets up until
cooks
Simple Present about 7:00 a.m. At 9:00, my uncle cook a wonderful
A page 87 breakfast. We all eat together. After that, he and I
3. from 7:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. work go
4. on Tuesdays and Thursdays goes to the barn and works there. My aunt usually
5. from 7:15 p.m. to 9:45 p.m. stays
stay in the house. In the afternoon, there is more
6. Saturdays and Sundays go
7. on Sundays work. At night, I am really tired, so I always goes to
8. at 11:00 p.m.; at 6:30 a.m. aren’t / are not
9. on Saturdays bed at 8:30! Usually my aunt and uncle don’t be tired.

They usually go to bed late!

B Over to You page 88
Answers will vary. I hope your vacation is fun. See you soon!

Your friend,
3 Statements with Adverbs of Oscar
Frequency
Exercise 3.1 Adverbs of Frequency with
Simple Present page 89 9 Simple Present Yes/No
2.
3.
He often does not listen to music.
He never slows down.
Questions and Short
4. He sometimes works seven days a week. Answers
5. He rarely takes a day off.
6. He usually starts work at 3:00 in the afternoon. Daily Habits
7. He usually doesn’t finish until 1:00 a.m.
8. My brother is rarely tired.
1 Grammar in the Real World
A page 92
Exercise 3.2 More Adverbs of Frequency with
Answers will vary.
Simple Present
B Comprehension Check page 92
A Over to You page 90
1. sleep
Answers will vary.
2. problem
B Pair Work page 90 3. work
Answers will vary. C Notice page 92
1. Do most adults think sleep is important?
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. Does productivity improve after a good night's sleep?
3. Do you feel good about your sleep habits?
Editing Task page 91 Singular subjects use do; plural subjects use does.
Dear Pedro,

How are you? I’m fine. I’m in Vermont with my aunt 2 Simple Present Yes/No Questions
and
and Short Answers
live Exercise 2.1 Yes/No Questions and Short
uncle. They lives on a farm. The lifestyle here is very
Answers
different. They are dairy farmers, so they are work
A page 95
hard every day. They usually get up at 4:30 a.m. They 2. Does; Yes, it does. or No, it doesn’t.
3. Does; Yes, it does. or No, it doesn’t.
go to the barn and milk the cows. 4. Do; Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
make 5. Do; Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.
Cows makes a lot of noise in the morning, so they
6. Do; Yes, I do. or No, I don’t.

Answer Key 29
 Are
7. Do; Yes, I do. or No, I don’t. 7. Do you a light sleeper or a deep sleeper?
8. Do; Yes, I do. or No, I don’t. Do
8. Does you fall asleep quickly?
B Pair Work page 95
Answers will vary.
10 Simple Present
Information Questions
Exercise 2.2 More Yes / No Questions and
Short Answers Cultural Holidays
A page 96
2. we don’t
1 Grammar in the Real World
3. does your brother do A page 98
4. he does Answers will vary; Possible answer: The Day of the
5. Does he work Dead is a time to remember dead relatives and
6. he doesn’t friends.
7. Does he go
8. he doesn’t B Comprehension Check page 98
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a
B Pair Work page 96
No answers. C Notice page 98
1. When
Exercise 2.3 Pronunciation Focus: Do you . . . ? 2. Where
3. What
A page 96 Do comes after when, where, and what.
No answers.

B Pair Work page 96 2 Simple Present Information

Answers will vary. Questions
Exercise 2.1 Questions with Who, What,
Exercise 2.4 Yes/No Questions in a Survey When Where, How
A Over to You page 97 A page 101
2. Do you fall asleep to music?; Answers will vary. 2. When do
3. Do you talk in your sleep?; Answers will vary. 3. Who do
4. Do you dream a lot?; Answers will vary. 4. What do
5. Do you remember your dreams?; Answers will vary. 5. Where do
6. Do you walk in your sleep?; Answers will vary. 6. How do
B Pair Work page 97 B Over to You page 102
Answers will vary. 1. A: What celebration do you like the best?
B: Answers will vary.
3 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. A: When do you celebrate it?
B: Answers will vary.
Editing Task page 98 3. A: Who do you celebrate it with?
Do B: Answers will vary.
2. Are you sleep on your stomach, your back, or your 4. A: What do you usually do?
B: Answers will vary.
side?
Do you have 5. A: Where do you celebrate it?
3. Have you a TV in your bedroom? B: Answers will vary.
Do 6. A: What do you usually eat?
4. Does you dream in color or in black-and-white? B: Answers will vary.
Does 7. A: When does it usually end?
5. Do a dream ever scare you?
Do B: Answers will vary.
6. Does loud noises wake you up at night?

30 Answer Key
C Pair Work page102 7. Why Do We Dream?
Answers will vary. 8. When Does a Child Become an Adult?

B Over to You page 105

Exercise 2.2 Questions with When and What Answers will vary.
Time
A page 103 3 Questions with How Often
2. What time; do Exercise 3.1 Questions with How Often
3. When; does
4. What time; does A pages 106–107
5. When; do 2. How often do you drink soda?; Answers will vary.
6. When; does 3. How often do you eat breakfast alone?; Answers
7. What time; do will vary.
4. How often does your family go out to a nice
B Pair Work page 103 restaurant?; Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. 5. How often do your friends eat at a fast-food
restaurant?; Answers will vary.
6. How often do your relatives visit your home?;
Exercise 2.3 Asking Information Questions Answers will vary.
A page 103
B Pair Work page 107
Possible answers:
2. What do people remember on this day? Answers will vary.
3. What do towns have?
4. When does the marathon happen?
5. What time does the marathon start? 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
6. Where does the marathon start? Editing Task page 107
7. Who do the people watch in the marathon?
do
1. How you celebrate Thanksgiving?
B Pair Work page 104 ^
celebrate
Answers will vary. 2. Where do you celebrates Thanksgiving?
do do
3. What are you does during Thanksgiving Day?
do
Exercise 2.4 Pronunciation Focus: Intonation 4. What you watch on TV?
^
in Questions do
5. What time are you usually have your meal?
A page 104 do
6. What you do on the Friday after Thanksgiving?
2. ì ^
do
3. î 7. Why people celebrate Thanksgiving?
^
4. î
5. ì
6.
7.
ì
î
11 Conjunctions: And, But,
8. ì Or; Because
B page 104 Time Management
No answers.

1 Grammar in the Real World

Exercise 2.5 Information Questions in Titles A page 108
A page 105 Answers will vary; Possible answer: One way is to
2. How Does a Bird Learn to Sing? identify the important or necessary tasks for that day.
3. Why Do People Celebrate Holidays?
B Comprehension Check page 108
4. Why Do We Grow Old?
5. What Do Teens Search for on the Internet? 1. Most adults do not have enough time.
6. How Do People Make New Friends?

Answer Key 31
2. Identify the important or necessary tasks for that 7. pepper
day. Another way is to do important tasks on the 8. cash
same days every week. 9. jelly
3. They feel good and can do more things. 10. coffee

C Notice page 108 B Pair Work page 113

1. and 3. or Answers will vary.
2. because 4. but

3 Because
2 And, But, Or Exercise 3.1 Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Exercise 2.1 Choosing And, But, Or with Because page 114
A page 111 2. e 3. b 4. a 5. f 6. g 7. d
2. , and 6. and
3. or 7. , but
4. , and 8. , but Exercise 3.2 The Position of Because
5. , but pages 114–115.
because
B Over to You page 111 2. Tony can only study in the mornings he thinks more
^
clearly then.
Answers will vary. Because ,
3. Bob’s bus arrives after 8 o’clock he is always late.
^ ^
because
Exercise 2.2 Punctuating Sentences with And, 4. Jamal can’t study at home his roommates are too
^
noisy!
But, Or Because ,
5. Leo forgets to write his assignments down he often
A pages 111–112 ^ ^
misses them.
1. b. Now she listens to audiobooks in the car and because
during her breaks at work. 6. Tony and Jamal sometimes miss class they play
^
c. She listens to a book or a podcast every day and basketball instead.
feels good about herself.
2. a. James is very busy and often doesn’t do his
homework or study. Exercise 3.3 Combining Sentences with
b. He worries about his grades and gets very Because page 115
upset.
3. E; C; Alan has three reminders about the meeting
c. Finally, he talks about his problem with a
on his phone because he doesn’t want to forget
classmate, and they decide to help each other.
about it.
d. He and his classmate now talk on the phone
4. E; C; Wanda is always hungry at work because she
every day and work on their homework together.
doesn’t have time for lunch.
B Group Work page 112 5. C; E; Because Karin starts work very early, she
drinks a lot of coffee.
Answers will vary.
6. E; C; Because Blanca works during the day, she
takes night classes.
7. E; C: Jared keeps a “to do” list because he has a
Exercise 2.3 More And, But, Or page 112
lot of work.
Answers will vary.

Exercise 3.4 Giving Reasons with Because

Exercise 2.4 Vocabulary Focus page 116
A page 113 Answers will vary.
2. mom
3. sisters
4. night
5. white
6. men

32 Answer Key
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. True
3. False; The band went to London and played on
Editing Task page 117 Day
New Year’s Eve.
Every year, Professor Kwan teaches a class on time 4. True
5. True
management. Many students like to take her class.
C Notice page 118
Sometimes the class fills up quickly, because it is so
1.
popular. Students know that they need to register – Present travel invite play wait sign
or
early in person and online. This is the first lesson of Simple Past traveled invited played waited signed
2. They end in -ed.
the time-management class. 3.
In this class, Professor Kwan talks about different Base Form go think have tell become
Simple Past went thought had told became
ways for students to organize their time. Her students
and 4. They don’t end in -ed; their spellings are irregular.
often complain about the stress they have but how

little time they have. Professor Kwan always tells

2 Simple Past Statements: Regular
her students to buy a calendar. She says students Verbs
or
can use an electronic calendar but a paper calendar. Exercise 2.1 Affirmative Simple Past
Her students get organized because they use their Statements: Regular Verbs pages 121–122
Because her students get organized they use their
calendar every day. 2. landed
calendar every day. She tells students to find time to 3. opened
or 4. appeared
study at least once a day – either after school and at
5. cheered; shouted
night. When students plan their time well, they feel in 6. screamed; cried
7. played
control and confident. 8. watched
9. shocked
This is not the only thing that Professor Kwan
10. changed
Because students
teaches in the class. Students have a lot of stress
,
because it is also important to find time to relax, and Exercise 2.2 Negative Simple Past
^
exercise. Professor Kwan’s class is so popular, because Statements: Regular Verbs
all students need help with time management. At the A page 122
, 2. did not learn
end of her class, students have less stress and they
^ 3. did not like
have great time-management skills! 4. did not pass
5. did not believe
6. did not stop
12 Simple Past Statements 7.
8.
did not recognize
did not listen
Success Stories
B page 122
2. showed
1 Grammar in the Real World 3. enjoyed
A page 118 4. studied
5. entered
Answers will vary.
6. graduated
B Comprehension Check page 118 7. worked
Liverpool 8. explained
1. False; The executive traveled to London in Albert Einstein
December 1961

Answer Key 33
Exercise 2.3 Pronunciation Focus: Saying 3 Simple Past Statements: Irregular
Simple Past Verbs Verbs
A page 123 Exercise 3.1 Simple Past Statements with
No answers. Irregular Verbs
B Pair Work page 123 A page 126
Yes No Possible answers:
3. We talked about music. ✓ 2. didn’t / did not read or read
3. didn’t / did not get up or got up
4. She wanted to get an old album from the ✓
4. didn’t / did not come or came
1960s for her grandfather.
5. didn’t / did not go or went
5. We surfed the Internet. ✓ 6. didn’t / did not make or made
6. We looked for the album. ✓ 7. didn’t / did not see or saw
7. I downloaded the music files. ✓ 8. didn’t / did not read or read
9. didn’t / did not have or had
8. We played them. ✓ 10. didn’t / did not see or saw
9. They sounded funny. ✓
10. We forwarded the music files to her ✓
B Pair Work page 127
grandfather. Answers will vary.
11. He listened to the songs. ✓
12. Then he deleted them. Not all music from ✓ Exercise 3.2 Pronunciation Focus: Saying
the 1960s is good.
Irregular Simple Past Verbs
C Over to You page 123 A page 127
Answers will vary. No answers.

Exercise 2.4 Vocabulary Focus: Time B page 127

Expressions page 124 Answers will vary.
2. ago 4. on 6. in 8. last
3. in 5. After 7. in Exercise 3.3 More Irregular Simple Past Verbs
A pages 127–128
Exercise 2.5 Time Expressions 1. came; didn’t / did not get; saw; Marilyn Monroe
2. made; bought; paid; Vincent van Goh
Pair Work page 124 3. didn’t / did not have; went; read; lost; became;
Answers will vary. Abraham Lincoln
4. wrote; told; said; bought; became; J. K. Rowling

Exercise 2.6 Did Not and Didn’t in Writing B Group Work page 128
page 125 Answers will vary.
2. Even her family did not know about the 1,800
poems in her room.
3. In the nineteenth century, some critics did not like
4 Avoid Common Mistakes
her work, but she continued to write for herself. Editing Task page 130
4. She did not write like other poets.
5. She did not use correct punctuation. Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio.
6. In the 1950s, poetry experts published her work did not have
He had not very much education in school. His
again. This time, they did not edit it.
mother taught him reading, writing, and math. Like
dropped
many children at that time, he droped out of school
sold
and got a job. At age 13, he sells newspapers and
continued
candy at a railroad station. Thomas continue to learn

34 Answer Key
 became
about science by reading. At age 16, he become a Exercise 2.2 Simple Past Yes/No Questions
started and Answers
telegraph operator. Later he start to invent things.

In 1869, he moved to New York City. One of his A page 134

2. Did he have other businesses before TOMS?
inventions earned him $40,000, so he opened his first 3. Did his sister start the business with him?
research laboratory in New Jersey. He tried hundreds 4. Did he have any experience in fashion?
did not have 5. Did the company have difficulties at the beginning?
of times to make the first lightbulb, but he had not
did not B page 134
success. However, Thomas Edison didnot give up. 2. a. Yes, he did.
learned introduced
He learn from his mistakes. In 1879, he introduce his b. Yes, he started five other businesses before
TOMS shoes.
greatest invention, the electric light for the home. 3. a. No, she didn’t.
fail b. No, he started the business by himself.
He told a reporter, “I didn’t failed 1,000 times. The 4. a. No, he didn’t.
lightbulb was an invention with 1,000 steps.” b. No, he didn’t have any experience in fashion.
5. a. Yes, it did.
b. Yes, it had a lot of problems.

13 Simple Past Questions C Pair Work page 135

Business Ideas Answers will vary.

1 Grammar in the Real World Exercise 2.3 More Simple Past Yes/No
Questions and Answers
A page 130
Possible answer: A Over to You page 135
For every pair of shoes he sells, he donates a pair to a Answers will vary.
child in need.
B Pair Work page 135
B Comprehension Check page 130 Answers will vary.
1. No
2. In 2006.
3. 1 million. 3 Simple Past Information Questions
4. A lot of children have diseases because they walk
Exercise 3.1 Simple Past Information
barefoot. Also, the schools do not allow children
without shoes. Questions and Answers

C Notice page 130 A pages 136–137

2. What did she do after college?
1. finish
3. Who did she develop the concept with?
2. do
4. When did she open her first store?
3. say
5. What flavors did the store have?
4. decide
Form used: base form B page 137
Possible answers:
2. She started several businesses.
2 Simple Past Yes/No Questions 3. Young Lee, her business partner.
Exercise 2.1 Simple Past Yes/No Questions 4. In 2006.
page 133 5. Original and green tea.
2. Did you go out
3. did you go
4. Did I tell
5. Did you see
6. Did you speak
7. Did he have

Answer Key 35
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. Oprah Winfrey
6. was
Editing Task page 137 7. were
work 8. was
1. Did you worked for a relative? 9. was
did work 10. was
2. Who you worked for?
^ 11. was
do
3. What did you? 3. Taylor Swift
^
work 12. was
4. How many hours did you worked each week?
13. was
earn
5. How much money did you earned each week? 14. wasn’t
Did you enjoy 15. wasn’t
6. You enjoyed your job? 16. weren’t
did learn
7. What you learned from this job? B page 142
^
stop
8. Why did you stopped working? 2. was 5. wasn’t
3. wasn’t 6. wasn’t
4. was 7. was
14 Simple Past of Be
Life Stories Exercise 2.2 Simple Past of Be: More
Affirmative and Negative Statements
1 Grammar in the Real World A Over to You page 142
Answers will vary.
A page 138
Answers will vary; Possible answer: She was not B Pair Work page 142
interested in television, and she was always busy Answers will vary.
doing things.

B Comprehension Check page 138

3 Simple Past of Be: Questions and
As a Child As an Adult
1.  ✓
 Answers
2. ✓
 ✓
 Exercise 3.1 Simple Past of Be: Yes/No
3. ✓
 ✓

Questions
4. ✓
 ✓

A page 144
C Notice page 138 2. Was 5. Were
1. was 4. was 3. Was 6. Were
2. was 5. was 4. Were 7. Was
3. were 6. were
Use was with a singular subject. B page 145
Use were with a plural subject. 2. Yes, it was.
3. No, he wasn’t.
4. Yes, they were.
2 Simple Past of Be: Affirmative and 5. No, they weren’t.
Negative Statements 6. No, they weren’t.
7. Yes, it was.
Exercise 2.1 Simple Past of Be: Affirmative
and Negative Statements
Exercise 3.2 Simple Past of Be: Yes/No
A page 141 Questions and Information Questions
1. Penélope Cruz
2. was A page 145
3. was 2. Where was she born?; She was born in Wisconsin.
4. was 3. What time was she born?; She was born at 12:10 in
5. was the morning.

36 Answer Key
4. What was her father’s job?; He was a store owner. B Comprehension Check page 148
5. What was her mother’s job?; She was a teacher. 1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b
6. Who was in the photo?; The writer’s great-
grandmother and her father were in the photo. C Notice page 148
7. What was on the porch?; There were several chairs 1. 2, 1 2. 2, 1 3. 1, 2 4. 2, 1 5. 1, 2
and some flowers on the porch.
8. Why was she angry?; She was angry because she
hated sitting for pictures.
9. How old was she in the photo?; She was about
2 Past Time Clauses with When,
three years old in the photo. Before, and After
Exercise 2.1 When, Before, or After?
B Over to You page 146
Answers will vary. A pages 151–152
2. When 6. after
C Pair Work page 146 3. after 7. After
Answers will vary. 4. before 8. after
5. When

4 Avoid Common Mistakes B Pair Work page 152

Sentences 2 and 7.
Editing Task page 147
was
A: When were Yo-Yo Ma born? Exercise 2.2 Ordering Events
was
B: He^born in 1955. A page 152
Was he a. 4 b. 2 c. 3 d. 5 e. 1 f. 6
A: He born in the United States?

B: No, he wasn’t. He was born in France.

B page 152
b. He wrote a note to his wife.
A: Were his parents French? c. He left for work.
were were d. He met a co-worker on the train.
B: No, they was not. They was Chinese.
e. He read an e-mail from the bank.
A: Were his parents musicians? f. He called his wife.
were
B: Yes, they was talented musicians. C page 153
2. When 6. After
A: How old was he when he first played the cello?
3. before 7. When
B: He was four. 4. Before 8. After
was 5. When 9. when
A: How old were he when he moved to New York City?
was
B: He were five. Exercise 2.3 Writing Main Clauses and Time
A: How many albums does he have? Clauses
B: Currently, he has more than 75 albums. A Over to You page 153
Answers will vary.
B Over to You page 154
15 Past Time Clauses with Answers will vary.
When, Before, and After C Pair Work page 154
Luck and Loss Answers will vary.

Exercise 2.4 More Main Clauses and Time

1 Grammar in the Real World
Clauses
A page 148
Pair Work page 154
Answers will vary; Possible answer: Sandra realized the
contest was a scam and called her credit card company. Answers will vary.

Answer Key 37
3 Avoid Common Mistakes 2 Count and Noncount Nouns
Editing Task page 155 Exercise 2.1 Count and Noncount Nouns
I , A pages 159–160
When got home one night two months ago I had a
^ ^
I Count Noncount
voicemail message. When I listened to the message,
^ apples ✓
got excited. The message said, “Congratulations. beans ✓
Before I beef ✓
You are a winner in our contest.” Befor I made dinner,
^ bread ✓
called the number. A woman said, “We called you two butter ✓
I cheese
weeks ago, but you didn’t answer. Please hold.” After ✓
^
When cookies ✓
waited for an hour, I put the phone down. Whin my
fish ✓
,
wife got home I asked her, “Did you get a message garlic ✓
^ after I ice cream ✓
about a prize drawing?” She said, “Yes, but afther
^ meat ✓
,
heard it, I deleted it. It’s a scam.” When she said that I milk ✓
^
didn’t say anything. potatoes ✓
rice ✓
I realized my mistake, when we got the phone bill sandwiches ✓
,I
four days later. When read the bill I didn’t believe it. salt ✓
^ ^ seafood ✓
That one-hour call cost $5,000! shrimp ✓
sugar ✓

16 Count and Noncount tomatoes

vegetables
✓
✓
Nouns water ✓

Eating Habits B Over to You page 160

Answers will vary.
1 Grammar in the Real World
Exercise 2.2 A and An
A page 156
Answers will vary; Possible answer: Fruit and A page 161
vegetables are part of a healthy diet. 2. a 7. ∅
3. ∅ 8. ∅
B Comprehension Check page 156 4. ∅ 9. an; a
1. They help prevent different diseases. 5. ∅; ∅ 10. ∅; ∅
2. It helps your heart and mood. 6. a
3. Omega-3 oil.
4. Six glasses of water a day. B Pair Work page 161
Answers will vary.
C Notice page 156
1. a; a; ∅
2. ∅; ∅ Exercise 2.3 Count and Noncount Nouns
3. ∅ page 162
4. a 3. s; s 9. ∅
Can count: television, newspaper, challenge 4. s; ∅ 10. s; s
Cannot count: information, food, health, fat 5. ∅; ∅ 11. s
6. ∅ 12. ∅
7. ∅; ∅ 13. ∅
8. s

38 Answer Key
Exercise 2.4 Singular and Plural Verbs with 4. knowledge; information
Nouns 5. traffic; motorcycles
6. homework; an exercise
A page 163
7. music; pop
2. makes 7. contains
3. give 8. is 8. money; a check
4. is 9. keeps 9. weather; rain
5. gives 10. gives
6. makes 11. helps B Group Work page 168
Answers will vary.
B Over to You page 164
Answers will vary.
4 Avoid Common Mistakes
Editing Task page 169
3 Units of Measure; How Many . . . ?
1. Where can I get an information about the study
and How Much . . . ? program?
Exercise 3.1 Units of Measure page 166 this
2. a glass of or a bottle of Look on the department website for these
3. a glass of information
informations. You can also find an important news
4. a bowl of or a plate of
5. a plate of on the website and lots of helpful information.
6. a piece of many
7. a bag of 2. How much classes can I take each semester?
8. a bowl of
Students can take four to six classes each semester.
9. a plate of or a bag of equipment
3. Is there modern equipments at the college?

Exercise 3.2 How Much . . . ? and How Yes, our kitchens have brand-new equipment and
furniture
many . . . ? furnitures.
much
A page 167 4. How many homework do professors assign?
2. How much $90.00
Every class is different, but professors will
3. How many 10
4. How much 9 bottles always help you if you have a problem with your
5. How many 6 homework
6. How many 16 homeworks.
7. How much 14 bowls
5. Does the school give an advice about employment
8. How much a / 1 / one pound
9. How many 15 people work
and works?
10. How much 4 pieces knowledge
Yes! Our career counselor has knowledges about
B Pair Work page 167
local employers.
Answers will vary.

Exercise 3.3 Categories and items

A page 168
1. a ring
2. furniture; a couch
3. equipment; a keyboard

Answer Key 39
17 Quantifiers: Some, Any, Exercise 2.3 Statements and Questions
A Lot Of, A Little, A Few, A page 176
2. own some or don’t / do not own any
Much, Many 3. have some or don’t / do not have any
Languages 4. know some or don’t / do not know any
5. know some or don’t / do not know any
6. watch some or don’t / do not watch any
7. download some or don’t / do not download any
1 Grammar in the Real World 8. have some or don’t / do not have any
A page 170 9. write some or don’t / do not write any
Possible answer: Some come from Hindi and Arabic. 10. use some or don’t / do not use any

B Comprehension Check page 170 B Pair Work page 176

1. Hindi. Answers will vary.
2. Model, baby, and CD.
3. Yes.
4. English. 3 Quantifiers: A Lot Of, A Little, A
Few, Much, Many
C Notice page 170
Exercise 3.1 Count and Noncount Nouns
1. some page 179
2. some
3. any Count nouns: student, song, word
Some is used in affirmative statements; any is used in Noncount nouns: homework, furniture, time, music,
questions knowledge, Korean (language)

2 Quantifiers: Some and Any Exercise 3.2 A Lot Of, A Little, A Few, or
Exercise 2.1 Statements with Some and Any Many page 179
2. many 7. a little
A page 174 3. a few 8. a little
2. any 6. some 4. a lot of 9. a lot of
3. some 7. some 5. a few 10. a little
4. some 8. any 6. a lot of 11. many
5. any 9. some

B Over to You page 174 Exercise 3.3 A Lot Of, A Little, A Few, Much,
Answers will vary. or Many
A page 180
Exercise 2.2 Yes/No Questions with Some 2. many 6. a lot
and Any 3. a few 7. a lot of
4. many 8. a lot of
A pages 175–176 5. a lot of
2. Do you have any friends from there
3. Do you have any classmates from Latin America B Pair Work page 180
4. Are there any students from South Asia Answers will vary.
5. Do you want some cookies
6. Do you have any milk
7. Can I listen to some music Exercise 3.4 Short Answers page 180
8. Are there any salsa clubs around here 2. A little / Not much.
9. Do you want to take some dance lessons 3. Not many
4. Not much
B Pair Work page 176
5. A few
No answers.

40 Answer Key
 a lot of
Exercise 3.5 A Lot Of, Much, and Many much information about foreign

A page 181 languages and cultures, and we have

a lot of
many much learning material for 30 different
In the twentieth century, a lot of young people had
languages.
pen pals from other countries. They wrote letters to
a lot of
Roberto: Wow, that sounds like much information
them and learned about other countries, cultures, and
on different languages that students can
languages. Traveling was expensive, so they did not
many find here.
have a lot of opportunities to meet their pen pals.
Many
much Dr. Sutton: It is, Roberto. Much students find the
There was not a lot of direct contact between people
many
center really helpful. You see, much
from different countries, so letters were a good way
much
students work and do not have many time
to communicate.
many to study. They can come to the center
Now there are not a lot of traditional pen pals.
many
before or after class. They can spend a few
Instead, there are a lot of social media sites on the
minutes or one or two hours here. They
Internet. People post photos, videos, and comments.
much can use our computers and equipment for
People are busy and they do not have a lot of time
projects, or just meet friends.
to write long messages, so now they use apps to many
Roberto: That sounds great. Do much students
send short messages around the world. Today,
use the center?
Today apps such as Twitter® are popular. People
many Dr. Sutton: Right now, about 100 students use the
typically send a lot of "tweets" every day. However,
much center every day.
can people exchange a lot of information in these very
many Roberto: Does the center have modern equipment?
short messages? Can people learn a lot of interesting
Dr. Sutton: Yes, it does. Every year, we buy a new
things about the other person’s culture? These are good
equipment, for example, computers and
questions for discussion.
a lot of
3D printers. We also spend much money
B Pair Work page 182
Answers will vary. to make the center a comfortable place.

For example, we recently bought a new

4 Avoid Common Mistakes furniture. Please come and visit! We are
Editing Task page 183 open every day.

Roberto: Hello, Dr. Sutton. My name is Roberto Roberto: All right. Thanks for your time, Dr. Sutton!

Ferrer and I’m a student here at the

some
college. I’d like to ask you any questions 18 Articles: A/An and The
about the Language Center for our college Changes and Risks
paper. How does the Language Center

help language students? 1 Grammar in the Real World

Dr. Sutton: Thanks for asking, Roberto. The center A page 184
Answers will vary.
is very important. We give students

Answer Key 41
B Comprehension Check page 184 7. a 15. the
1. a 2. b 3. a 4. c 8. the 16. a
9. The
C Notice page 184
B page 190
a an 2. the 8. The
1. ostrich ✓ 3. an 9. The
4. a 10. The
2. car ✓
5. a 11. the
3. new job ✓ 6. an 12. the
4. important decision ✓ 7. a 13. the / a

5. business ✓ C Pair Work page 190

A is used with words that begin with a consonant Possible answers:
sound. Emma is a rock climber because she is taking a risk
An is used with words that begin with a vowel sound. with her business. Martin is an analyst because he
takes some risks, but only after balancing the choices.

2 Articles: A / An and The

Exercise 2.1 Sentences with A / An 3 Article or No Article?
Exercise 3.1 The or No Article?
A page 187
2. An 7. a A page 192
3. An 8. an 2. ∅ 7. the
4. a 9. a 3. ∅ 8. ∅
5. an 10. an; an 4. ∅ 9. ∅
6. a 5. the 10. ∅
6. The 11. ∅
B Over to You page 187
Answers will vary. B page 192
No answers.
Exercise 2.2 Pronunciation Focus:
Exercise 3.2 More Practice with The and No
Pronouncing A and An
Article
A page 188
A page 193
No answers.
2. the 10. ∅
B page 188 3. ∅ 11. ∅
2. a 9. an 4. ∅ 12. ∅
3. a 10. an 5. ∅ 13. The
4. a 11. an 6. ∅ 14. ∅
5. a 12. an 7. the 15. ∅
6. an 13. a 8. the 16. ∅
7. a 14. a 9. the / ∅
8. an
B Over to You page 193
C Pair Work page 188 Answers will vary.
No answers.
Exercise 3.3 The and No Article with
Exercise 2.3 A / An or The? Languages and Geographic Places page 194
2. the 9. ∅
A page 189 3. the 10. ∅
2. an 10. a 4. the 11. the
3. The 11. The 5. the 12. ∅
4. a 12. a 6. ∅ 13. ∅
5. the 13. a 7. ∅ 14. ∅
6. a 14. the 8. ∅ 15. the

42 Answer Key
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 4. John didn’t take mine; he took hers!
5. Oh, you can have ours.
Editing Task page 195 6. His is probably the best.
7. I like fruit with mine.
1. I read an interesting article about how the people

manage risk. Exercise 2.2 More Possessive Pronouns

a
2. The professor gave us an lecture on economics. A page 200
An
3. A ostrich worries about getting a good job when 2. theirs 5. his
3. yours 6. hers
he or she finishes college. 4. theirs
4. Analysts hope they have an insurance at work but B Over to You page 200
a Answers will vary.
will find an new job if they need to.

5. Some people feel a fear when they have to move

Exercise 2.3 Possessive Pronouns, Possessive
to a new country.
a
Determiners, and Verbs
6. I hope to become an volunteer in the South A page 201
America after the college. 2. hers 9. is
a 3. her 10. mine
7. I don’t speak the Spanish, so that’s an risk. But 4. are 11. mine
maybe it can be fun! 5. hers 12. Whose
6. Her 13. ours
7. theirs 14. who’s
8. yours
19 Possessive Pronouns and
B Pair Work page 201
Indefinite Pronouns No answers.
Meals Around the World
Exercise 2.4 Vocabulary Focus: Theirs and
1 Grammar in the Real World There’s page 202
A page 196 2. there’s
Answers will vary. 3. theirs
4. there’s
B Comprehension Check page 196 5. Theirs
6. Theirs
United States Hong Kong Mexico
✓
 cereal  cereal  cereal
✓coffee ✓
3 Indefinite Pronouns
  coffee  coffee
Exercise 3.1 Indefinite Pronouns with -one,
 dumplings ✓
 dumplings  dumplings
-body, or -thing
 tea ✓ tea
  tea

 French bread  French bread ✓

 French bread
A page 204
2. thing
C Notice page 196 3. thing
4. body or one
1. b 2. b 3. a
5. body or one
6. body or one
2 Possessive Pronouns 7. thing
8. thing
Exercise 2.1 Possessive Pronouns page 199
2. Did you finish yours? B Pair Work page 204
3. Theirs tasted delicious. Sentences 4, 5, and 6 have more than one answer.

Answer Key 43
Exercise 3.2 Yes/No Questions with Indefinite Comments:
Pronouns Richard: I ate there once with my brother and sister,
A page 205
but I didn’t like it. Everyone says the sandwiches are
2. anyone or anybody
3. anyone or anybody delicious, but ours sandwiches weren’t good at all.
4. anything
5. anyone or anybody or someone or somebody Plus, my sister ordered dessert, but the server didn’t
anything
6. anything or something bring her nothing. We had to remind him of our order.
B Pair Work page 205 Then he charged my brother for French fries, but the
Answers will vary. mine
fries were mines.

Exercise 3.3 Indefinite Pronouns Jeff: Wow. I remember the first time I ate at the

A page 205 Snack Stop. It was with my cousin. My sandwich was

2. anything delicious, and so was hers sandwich. In fact, there
3. everything anything
4. someone wasn’t nothing wrong with the whole meal.
5. anyone
6. Someone
7. anybody
8. anyone
20 Imperatives
Social Customs
B Pair Work page 205
No answers.
1 Grammar in the Real World
Exercise 3.4 Indefinite Pronouns with -one A page 208
and -body page 206 Answers will vary; Possible answer: Be friendly and
look at people when you talk to them.
Speaking Writing
someone  ✓ B Comprehension Check page 208
everybody ✓
 
Yes No
anybody ✓
 
1. ✓ 

anyone  ✓

2.  ✓


no one  ✓

3.  ✓


everyone  ✓

4.  ✓


somebody ✓
 
5. ✓ 

nobody ✓
 

C Notice page 208

1. Say
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. Look
3. Don’t interrupt
Editing Task page 207
4. Smile
b., d.
Everyone has a favorite sandwich shop in town,

and the Snack Stop is definitely mine favorite. I eat

theirs
sandwiches a lot, and there’s are the best. What do

you think? Please leave a comment and let me know!

44 Answer Key
2 Imperatives B Pair Work page 215
Exercise 2.1 Imperatives: Advice Answers will vary.

A page 211
2. Take or Don’t / Do not take Exercise 2.5 Imperatives with Always and
3. Enjoy or Don’t / Do not enjoy Never
4. Eat or Don’t / Do not eat
5. Socialize or Don’t / Do not socialize A page 216
6. Talk or Don’t / Do not talk 2. Never
7. Talk or Don’t / Do not talk 3. Always
8. Learn or Don’t / Do not learn 4. Never
5. Always
B Pair Work page 211 6. Always
Answers will vary.
B Over to You pages 216–217
C Over to You page 211
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary.

3 Avoid Common Mistakes

Exercise 2.2 Imperatives: Social Customs
Editing Task page 217
A page 212
Don’t
2. Take 1. Dont be late for class.
3. Wrap Don’t / Do not
4. Don’t eat 2. No stand up when the teacher walks into the
5. Don’t give classroom.
6. Keep Don’t / Do not
3. Donot use the teacher’s first name.
7. Wear Don’t / Do not
8. Don’t forget 4. No forget to write the date your assignment is due.
Don’t / Do not
B Over to You page 212 5. Dont forget your homework assignment.
Don’t / Do not
Answers will vary. 6. Do’nt copy another student’s homework.
Don’t / Do not
7. Donot buy or download essays on the Internet.
Exercise 2.3 Imperatives: Signs Don’t / Do not
8. D’ont listen to your MP3 player in class.
A page 213 Don’t / Do not
9. No answer your cell phone in class.
2. Don’t / Do not feed Don’t / Do not
3. Don’t / Do not ride 10. Do n’t sent or read text messages in class.
4. Don’t / Do not drink
5. Don’t / Do not bring
6. Don’t / Do not turn
7. Don’t / Do not use
21 Ability and Possibility
8. Wear Making Connections
B Pair Work page 213
Answers will vary. 1 Grammar in the Real World
C Over to You page 213 A page 218
Answers will vary. Answers will vary.

B Comprehension Check page 218

Exercise 2.4 Imperatives: Directions Possible answers:
A page 215 1. The Internet helps connect people because they
can make videos to share, and they can meet each
Possible answer: other by playing video games online.
Go straight on 5th Avenue. Cross Coast Road. Take a
right on the next road. Turn left on 4th Avenue.

Answer Key 45
2. It's easy for people to make cat videos, because C Pair Work page 224
anyone with a smartphone can make a video. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.

C Notice page 218

3 Be Able To and Know How To for
1. could not
2. can Ability
3. could not Exercise 3.1 Expressing Ability with Be Able
4. could To and Know How To page 227
2. knows
2 Can and Could for Ability and 3. Do
4. don’t
Possibility 5. are
Exercise 2.1 Can and Could for Ability and 6. am
Possibility 7. do
8. know
A page 222 9. is
2. could not 9. cannot 10. isn’t
3. can 10. could 11. Do
4. couldn't 11. could not 12. know
5. can 12. can 13. are
6. could not 13. can
7. can 14. can
8. can
Exercise 3.2 Expressing Ability with Be Able
To and Know How To
B page 223
A page 227
2. Can you text with your eyes closed?
3. When can you check your e-mail? 2. doesn’t / does not know how to
4. Where can I buy a good computer? 3. isn’t / is not able to
5. How can I learn to design websites? 4. aren't / are not able to
6. Could you send an e-mail five years ago? 5. aren’t / are not able to
7. Can your parents remember their passwords? 6. isn't / is not able to
8. Could people shop online 50 years ago? 7. don’t / do not know how to
9. Who could send text messages 10 years ago? 8. are able to
10. Could you make a video with your phone in 2005?
11. Can you text quickly?
B page 228
12. How could people communicate 20 years ago? 2. know how to or can or am able to
3. can or am able to
C Pair Work page 223 4. can’t / am not able to
Answers will vary. 5. can’t
6. can / knows how / is able to
Exercise 2.2 Pronunciation Focus: Saying Can 7. can’t / am not able to
8. can
and Can’t
9. can’t
A page 224 10. can
No answers.
C Pair Work page 228
B page 224 Answers will vary.

Gen 5 website Linkage website

1. ✓ ✕ 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
2. ✓ ✓
Editing Task page 229
3. ✓ ✓
4. ✕ ✓ Dear Friends and Family,
5. ✕ ✓ could not
Thank you for all the birthday wishes. I can't to
6. ✓ ✕
be home last weekend because I am away at school.

46 Answer Key
 share
I use this site to stay in touch. I can shares my pictures B Pair Work page 234
read No answers.
and I can reads your comments and your messages.

My schedule this semester is busy. Last semester

could Exercise 2.2 Making and Answering Requests
I can eat lunch in the cafeteria. This semester I have
can A page 235
class at lunchtime. I cans eat lunch on the bus home,
2. Can / Could / Would you meet me at the cafeteria
but I don’t. I just eat when I get home. after class today?
3. Can / Could / Would you tell me the things that I
I made a new friend yesterday. His name is Jonas. need to put in the résumé?
write 4. Can / Could / Would you show me your résumé?
He’s very smart. He can writes English very well, so he
can 5. Can / Could / Would you advise me on the correct
cans help me with my homework. style for a résumé?
6. Can / Could / Would you correct my mistakes?
Remember to write to me! 7. Can / Could / Would you help me arrange my
résumé so it looks good?
I miss you,
8. Can / Could / Would you read my résumé and
Jenny make sure it’s OK?

B Pair Work page 235

22 Requests and Permission Answers will vary.

College Life
3 Can, Could, and May for
Permission
1 Grammar in the Real World Exercise 3.1 Requests for Permission with
A page 230 Can, Could, and May
Answers will vary; Possible answer: An academic
adviser can help with choosing the right classes, A page 237
giving advice, giving information about tutors, solving 2. May 5. May
problems, problems with a class, etc. 3. May 6. Can
4. Could
B Comprehension Check page 230
1. Yes 3. Yes B Pair Work page 237
2. No 4. Yes Answers will vary.

C Notice page 230

1. Can 3. Can Exercise 3.2 More Requests for Permission
2. Could 4. Would
A page 238
The purpose of these questions is to request
something. Answers will vary.

B Pair Work page 238

2 Can, Could, and Would for Answers will vary.
Requests
Exercise 2.1 Using Can, Could, and Would in Exercise 3.3 Formal Requests for
Requests and Answers Permission page 239
A page 234 2. Could I please come to your office
3. May I ask you
2. Can 6. Could
4. can I please send you
3. can 7. Would
5. Could I please take
4. Can 8. can’t
6. May I e-mail
5. Would
7. May I please put
8. could I please visit

Answer Key 47
 can / could / would
Exercise 3.4 Forming Requests for Finally, may you all please come to the meeting at
Permission page 240 2:00 p.m. tomorrow in Room 305?
Possible answers:
2. Can I use your pen, please? or Can I please use your Thanks!
pen? Kazuo
3. Could I change the channel, please? or Could I
please change the channel?
4. May I hand in my homework one day late, please?
or May I please hand in my homework one day
23 Present Progressive
late?
5. May I speak with you after work today, please? or
Body Language
May I please speak with you after work today?
6. Can I borrow your electronic dictionary, please?
or Can I please borrow your electronic dictionary?
1 Grammar in the Real World
7. May I charge my cell phone in the office, please? A page 242
or May I please charge my cell phone in the Answers will vary; Possible answer: Body language is
office? a crucial part of face-to-face communication.
8. May I use the atlas behind the reference desk,
please? or May I please use the atlas behind the B Comprehension Check page 242
reference desk? 1. b 2. a 3. a
9. Can I borrow your bicycle, please? or Can I please
borrow your bicycle? C Notice page 242
10. May I get your email address, please? or May I
1. are listening
please get your email address?
2. are; telling
3. are thinking
Each verb has two parts: the first part is a be verb
4 Avoid Common Mistakes and the second is a verb + -ing. All the verbs in the
Editing Task page 241 exercise describe actions/events that are in progress.
Hi Everyone,
The show is next week!
Can you
2 Present Progressive Statements
• Everyone: You can please make a list of the Exercise 2.1 Present Progressive Verb Forms
equipment you need? A page 246
Can you 2. is leaning
• Gregori: You can tell me how many microphones we 3. is smiling
need? 4. is listening
borrow 5. are making
• Jason: Could we to borrow your microphone, 6. are getting
7. aren’t getting
please? Thanks!
8. aren’t smiling
• Anna: We need a laptop from the computer lab. 9. isn’t looking
pick 10. is leaning
Can you to pick it up today? 11. isn’t talking
Can / Could / Would 12. are having
• Jessie: May you contact Mr. Sparks about the lights?
Can you
• Hector: Your job is to get the chairs. You can please B Pair Work page 246
Answers will vary.
arrange that?
Can / Could / Would
• Mari: Mr. Sanchez has the music playlists. Do you
Exercise 2.2 Statements
please contact him?
borrow A page 246
• Hong-yin: May we to borrow your projector, please? 2. Pedro is chewing his pen.
3. Carlos and Eun aren’t / are not sitting up straight.
4. Ana and Kerry are talking.

48 Answer Key
5. Lee and Tyler aren’t / are not looking each other in 8. they are
the eye. 9. is saying
6. Yumi isn’t / is not smiling. 10. Are; telling
7. Maria is staring at the door.
8. The teacher is writing on the board. Exercise 3.2 Forming Questions and Answers
B Over to You page 247 A page 251
Answers will vary. 2. What are your classmates doing right now?
3. What is your teacher saying?
4. Who is listening to the teacher?
Exercise 2.3 Vocabulary Focus: Time 5. What is happening in class right now?
Expressions page 247 6. Are you sitting up straight?
Possible answers: B Pair Work page 251
3. ’m / am waiting
Answers will vary.
4. Today or This semester or This year or This
morning / afternoon / evening or This week
5. ’re / are studying 4 Present Progressive and Simple
6. ’m / am enjoying
7. Tonight or Today or This week or This morning / Present
afternoon / evening or This week Exercise 4.1 Statements page 253
8. ’m / am writing 2. is relaxing
9. ’m / am taking 3. crosses
10. this semester or this year 4. make
11. ’m / am not playing 5. chews
12. right now or this semester or this month or this 6. are chewing
year 7. is sitting
13. ’m / am working 8. stands
14. ’re / are planning
15. ’m / am saving
16. ’s / is staying Exercise 4.2 Vocabulary Focus: Some
17. ’s / is enjoying Common Stative Verbs
18. is starting
A page 253
2. Are; looking
Exercise 2.4 Negative Contractions page 248 3. Does; sound
4. Does; mean
2. isn’t coming 5. Do; understand
3. isn’t going 6. Are; reading
4. aren’t getting 7. Do; like
5. isn’t doing 8. Do; mind
6. isn’t reading 9. Do; feel
7. isn’t coming
8. aren’t feeling B Pair Work page 253
9. aren’t speaking
Answers will vary.
10. isn’t doing
11. aren’t giving
Exercise 4.3 Present Progressive or Simple
Present? page 254
3 Present Progressive Questions 2. don’t / do not know
Exercise 3.1 Yes/No Questions and Answers 3. are filming
page 250 4. look
2. you’re not 5. aren’t / are not sitting
3. Are; studying 6. are looking
4. I am 7. are making
5. are; watching 8. are talking
6. I’m not 9. seem
7. Are; speaking 10. Do; agree

Answer Key 49
11. seems B Comprehension Check page 256
12. talk Possible answers:
13. tell 1. He was a researcher.
14. like 2. He made glue.
15. play 3. He used it to put it on his bookmarks.
16. don’t / do not look 4. It made Post-its.
17. sit
C Notice page 256
1. was; trying
5 Avoid Common Mistakes 2. was; singing
Editing Task page 255 3. was; thinking
4. were; trying
are
Talent shows becoming a very popular form of The first words are the past forms of be. The ending
^ of the second word is -ing.
entertainment these days. The contestants in the
are
shows^trying to be famous. They sing every week. 2 Past Progressive
Millions of people watch these shows every week. Exercise 2.1 Past Progressive Statements
People like the shows for a number of reasons. A pages 259–260
2. was trying; were using
First, the shows have good music. For example, 3. was experimenting; was standing
including
this season they are includeing a woman who sings 4. was making; were asking
5. was feeling; was refusing
opera. Second, viewers can vote for the winners every
B Pair Work page 260
week. Third, the contestants in the shows come from
Answers will vary.
ordinary backgrounds.

Progress Report – Psychology 111 Exercise 2.2 Commonly Used Verbs page 261
are studying 2. was thinking about his children.
In my group, we study one talent show this
3. was watching TV.
looking
semester called Do You Get It? We are look at the 4. were sitting in a restaurant.
trying 5. was trying to park her car.
body language of the contestants. We are try to see 6. were looking at some photos.
am 7. was working at his computer.
how it changes. I looking at hand gestures, and I
^ 8. was talking to a friend on the phone.
writing
am writeing a paper about the hand gestures of the
is going am
losers. The paper goes well. I finding some interesting Exercise 2.3 Yes/No Questions and
^
things to write about. Information Questions
A page 262
24 Past Progressive and 3. What was he studying?
4. Were his friends meeting him at 12:30 p.m. for lunch?
Simple Past 5. Where were his classmates meeting him?
6. What was he doing at 3:00 p.m.?
Inventions and Discoveries 7. What was he doing at 7:00 p.m.?
8. Who was he talking to last night?
9. Was he working on his project at 11:00 p.m.?
1 Grammar in the Real World
B Pair Work page 262
A page 256
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary; Arthur Fry.
C Pair Work page 262
Answers will vary.

50 Answer Key
3 Time Clauses with Past Progressive 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
and Simple Past Editing Task page 267
Exercise 3.1 Past Progressive and Simple Past
Person Question Answer
A page 265
Juno were you was
2. fell (30 years What you were doing I^watching TV all day.
3. was looking old) when Barack Obama
4. got became president?
5. were working Elsa were listening
6. found (71 years What was you doing I was listen to the
7. was making old) when the first men was
landed on the moon? radio, and I talking to
8. discovered ^
9. was experimenting a friend on the phone.
10. noticed Pamela were was
11. was creating (18 years What you doing at I were having lunch
12. was working old) 2:00 ^
p.m. on your with some friends.
13. went birthday?
14. were working Andrea were were
15. were using (37 years What was you and We dancing at a party
^
16. happened old) your husband doing at a friend’s house.
at midnight last New
B page 266 Year’s Eve?

Same as A. Helen were you were

(52 years What you were doing My family and I was
old) at 4:00 p.m. last 4th having a picnic.
C Pair Work page 266 of July?
Answers will vary.

Exercise 3.2 Past Progressive and Simple Past 25 Subject and Object
with When and While Pronouns; Questions About
A page 266 Subjects and Objects
2. when
3. found
Fast Food or Slow Food
4. While
5. was writing
6. received 1 Grammar in the Real World
7. When A page 268
8. read
Answers will vary.
9. learned
10. realized B Comprehension Check page 268
11. were looking around 1. Today Americans are eating more unhealthy food.
12. when 2. Their schedules are busy.
13. saw 3. He has adapted popular high-calorie dishes and
14. smiled made them healthier.
15. waved 4. She’s trying to help people think about their diets.
16. didn’t / did not wave
17. while C Notice page 268
18. were working 1. they = Americans; it = unhealthy food
19. saw 2. he = chef; them = popular high-calorie dishes
3. she = chef; they = people in these towns
B Pair Work page 266
Answers will vary.

Answer Key 51
2 Subject and Object Pronouns Exercise 3.2 Forming Questions About
Exercise 2.1 Choosing Pronouns Subjects and Objects
A page 271 A page 275
2. It Possible answers:
3. we; they 2. What did he eat?
4. they; me 3. Who did Kai Lin eat with?
5. him; He 4. What did he drink?
6. It; us 5. Who had a baked potato?
6. What did Kai Lin have?
B Pair Work page 271 7. Who had a healthier lunch?
Answers will vary. 8. Who spent less money?

B Pair Work page 275

Exercise 2.2 Using Subject and Object Answers will vary.

Pronouns C Group Work page 276

A page 272 Answers will vary.
2. they 8. them
3. them 9. we 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
4. they 10. it
5. it 11. us Editing Task page 277
6. they 12. it us
7. it 13. It Who eats fast food? So many of we do.
I
B Pair Work page 272 My sister and me started this blog because a lot of
Answers will vary. our friends and family members had unhealthy diets.
them
We wanted to help they make healthier choices. We
3 Questions About the Subject and also wanted to give other people information to help
the Object them
they make better choices about their diet.
Exercise 3.1 Using Who and What She
Alison had the idea to start a blog. He told me
A page 274
2. Who about her idea, and I liked it. Then my friend James
3. What me
4. Who helped Alison and I design the site. Thanks, James!
5. What If you have questions about fast food or about
B page 275 healthy eating, just post your question or e-mail it to
Ana Maria: Hi! My name is Ana Maria. What did you us I
we. Alison and me read the questions every day and
eat for lunch today?
Philip: I ate a garden salad. try to answer them.
Ana Maria: Who did you eat with? John He
Philip: I ate with my roommate here, Mike. He sent us our first question. John wrote this: “Why
Ana Maria: Hi! What did you have for lunch?
do so many Americans eat fast food?” Well, John, some
Mike: I had a chicken sandwich and fresh tomato
they
soup. people eat it because them have very busy schedules.
Ana Maria: Thanks! Excuse me, can I ask you some
questions? Who usually cooks your Other people eat it because it’s affordable. But, of
dinner? they
course, lots of people just eat fast food because them
Maya: My mom usually does.
I
Ana Maria: What is your favorite dish? like it! We do, too! Alison and me just want to remind
Maya: Definitely my mom’s orange chicken. It’s
great. people that TOO MUCH fast food is not a good idea!
Ana Maria: Thanks so much!
We hope that helps.

52 Answer Key
26 Infinitives and Gerunds C page 283
2. ’d like to be 7. ’d like to work
Do What You Enjoy Doing 3. want to teach 8. like to spend
4. like to work 9. need to do
5. want to have 10. need to stay
1 Grammar in the Real World 6. hope to have
A page 278 D Pair Work page 283
Answers will vary; Possible answer: She became Answers will vary.
famous by the time she was 11 years old.

B Comprehension Check page 278 3 Gerunds

1. a 2. b 3. c Exercise 3.1 Gerunds
C Notice page 278 A page 285
1. learning 2. learning or reading or writing
2. to start 3. playing or visiting
4. visiting
3. to go
5. e-mailing or visiting
4. to become 6. reading
5. acting 7. writing
8. doing

2 Infinitives B Pair Work page 285

Exercise 2.1 Infinitives Answers will vary.

A pages 281–282
Exercise 3.2 Gerunds or Infinitives
2. to buy
3. to reply A page 285
4. to chat 2. taking
5. to spend 3. to edit / editing
6. to write 4. to work / working
7. to send 5. to give
8. to miss 6. to use
9. to surf 7. to put
10. to watch 8. to make
11. to do 9. to design
10. to sell / selling
B Over to You page 282 11. adding
Answers will vary. 12. to grow / growing

B page 286
Exercise 2.2 Pronunciation Focus: Saying To: 2. to chat / chatting
Want To, Would Like To 3. to read / reading
4. checking
A page 282 5. reading
No answers. 6. living
7. checking
B page 282 8. to join
✓careers
 9. to check / checking
 family 10. to meet / meeting
✓ teaching
 11. to give / giving
✓ school
 12. saying
✓ hobbies
 13. to study / studying
✓ computers

✓ working with children

C Pair Work page 286
 friends Answers will vary.

Answer Key 53
Exercise 3.3 Vocabulary Focus: Go + Gerund 2 Future with Be Going To or
Pair Work page 287 Present Progressive
Answers will vary. Exercise 2.1 Be Going To
A pages 294–295
2. are going to join
4 Avoid Common Mistakes 3. ’m going to look
Editing Task page 289 4. ’re going to do
5. ’m going to go
Dear Professor Carter, 6. ’re going to do
going 7. ’m going to work
I enjoyed to go to your class last week. I plan 8. ’s / is going to be
to get
getting a job in marketing when I graduate, so I really 9. ’s going to take
listening would 10. are going to rent
enjoy to listen to your lecture. I like to come to your 11. ’m not going to go
^
12. ’m going to stay
class on Thursdays next semester because I can’t
to
attend your Monday class. I hope get a job on Monday B Pair Work page 295
^ would Answers will vary.
want to
nights, but I don’t wanna miss any classes. I also like
^
to attend your marketing and technology class next Exercise 2.2 Future Use of Present
Progressive
semester. May I come and talk to you about this?
A pages 295–296
Thank you,
2. ’s / is arriving
Grace Lim 3. ’re / are going
4. ’re / are meeting
5. are leaving
27 Future with Be Going To, 6. are; getting
7. are; staying
Present Progressive, and Will 8. ’re / are going

The Years Ahead B Pair Work page 296

Answers will vary.
1 Grammar in the Real World
Exercise 2.3 Be Going To or Present
A page 290
Answers will vary.
Progressive
A pages 296–297
B Comprehension Check page 290
2. is coming
Possible answers: 3. is ordering
1. One is moving to Chile to teach English, another 4. ’re going to be
is joining the Teach for America program, a third 5. ’re going to expand
is starting a job as a junior designer, and the last is 6. ’m meeting
taking a course in publishing. 7. ’re building
2. She wants to experience living in a different culture. 8. ’s going to have
3. It places new college graduates in city schools 9. are going to start
across the country to teach for two years. 10. isn’t going to be
4. He used the career center.
B Pair Work page 297
C Notice page 290
(a) the reference materials are going to come by next
Now Future semester; going to expand the recycling program; the
1.  ✓

student center is going to have a food court, large
2.  ✓

bookstore, and conference rooms; the builders are
3.  ✓

going to start next week

54 Answer Key
 am am going to
(b) replacing the old computers; computer technician I going to apply to a media studies program. I going
^ am going to
is coming on Monday; ordering new reference
materials; meeting with people from the environmental take a special course or something. I going talk to
studies program; building a new student center some people who know about careers in TV soon. I
will
C Group Work page 297 think they give me some good advice.
^ are you
Answers will vary.
Can we talk about this? What you are doing on
am going will
Monday? I go away on the weekend, but I be back
3 Future with Will ^
Exercise 3.1 Will and Will Not for Predictions Monday morning. I’ll call you then.

A page 299 Thanks,

2. will be 6. will store Fandi
3. will make 7. will get
4. will grow 8. will change
5. will not use 9. will not pay
28 Will, May, and Might for
B Over to You page 300
Answers will vary.
Future Possibility; Will for
Offers and Promises
Exercise 3.2 Be Going To and Will Will We Need Teachers?
A page 300
2. When will that be? 1 Grammar in the Real World
3. Next week. The landlady is going to give me the A page 302
key soon.
4. I’ll / will help you move. Answers will vary.
5. Great. I’ll / will need all the help I can get. or
B Comprehension Check page 302
Great.
I’m / am going to need all the help I can get. Possible answers:
6. Then I think I’ll / will call Roberto and Ivan to help 1. It’s a way of attending school through the use of a
you, too. computer.
7. That will make it much easier for me. Thanks. 2. Class materials are online, so the teacher and
8. Let’s celebrate, then. You’re / are going to love students can be anywhere.
having your own place! 3. Teachers may become “learning managers” or
coaches.
B Over to You page 300 4. Probably not. People will always enjoy going to
Answers will vary. class.

C Notice page 302

Exercise 3.3 Pronunciation Focus: Information 1. will need
Questions with Will page 300 2. won't
No answers. 3. might not be
4. may watch

4 Avoid Common Mistakes

2 May and Might; Adverbs with Will
Editing Task page 301
Exercise 2.1 Will, May, and Might
Hi Nuala, A pages 305–306
am meeting 2. ’ll
I will meet with a career adviser next week, and
am 3. won’t
I going to discuss my future. What can I tell him? My 4. ’ll
^ 5. might
dream is to work in television or the movies. I think 6. ’ll

Answer Key 55
7. might 3 Offers and Promises
8. ’ll
9. ’ll Exercise 3.1 Offers and Promises
A page 310
B Pair Work page 306
2. I’ll pay you back
1. To take online courses. 3. I’ll show you.
2. Her family is moving, and this way she won’t have 4. I’ll drive you home.
to change schools. 5. I’ll make you dinner.
3. Chemistry, biology, and Spanish. 6. I’ll look at the homework with you.
4.  7. I’ll help you with your math homework.
Sharon’s Plans
Certain Not Sure B Pair Work page 310
Answers will vary.
family is moving enrolling in an online program
taking chemistry changing schools
taking Spanish taking biology 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
keeping in touch
Editing Task page 311
being online all the time
will
The Internet can change education completely in
Maybe
the future. May be colleges will not be buildings with
Exercise 2.2 More Will, May, and Might
people and furniture, but complex websites. Teachers
A page 307 may be
Answers will vary. maybe characters in virtual worlds like Second Life. In
will / may / might
B Pair Work page 307 the future, students can “travel” to different countries
will / may / might
Answers will vary. using their computers. They can walk around the
C Over to You page 307 world’s famous museums without leaving home.
Answers will vary. Maybe may / might
May be students will go back in time. They can

possibly “talk to” famous people from the past, like

Exercise 2.3 Adverbs with Will will / may / might
George Washington. History students can watch
A page 308 will / may / might
or be part of historic events. We can buy artificial
Possible answers:
2. Teachers will probably be bots. brains so we won’t have to go to school at all! There
3. Teaches will certainly need to prepare for their may be will
classes. maybe many changes to education, but learning can
4. They will likely check exercises.
definitely never stop.
5. Computer software will probably check students’
work.
6. Teachers will possibly spend more time with each
student. 29 Suggestions and Advice
7. They will probably not need to speak English.
8. Computer software will definitely translate from Study Habits
any language.

B Pair Work page 308 1 Grammar in the Real World

Answers will vary. A page 312
C Over to You page 309 Possible answer:
The writer gives 14 suggestions.
Answers will vary.
B Comprehension Check page 312
D Pair Work page 309
1. Try listening to soft music with earphones.
Answers will vary. 2. So you can concentrate better.

56 Answer Key
3. Look at your task and decide how much you want 3 Asking for and Responding to
to accomplish during the study session.
4. You should not check e-mail while you study Suggestions and Advice
because it’s easy to get distracted. Exercise 3.1 Responding to Questions for
5. Just say, “Let’s meet after class and review our Advice
notes.”
A page 319
C Notice page 312 Possible answers:
1. a. make; b. eat 3. Where should
2. The base form. 4. should probably
3. Should. 5. should definitely
4. Making a suggestion. 6. Should
7. Absolutely / Definitely

2 Suggestions and Advice B Pair Work page 320

Exercise 2.1 Suggestions and Advice Answers will vary.

A page 316
2. She should / might want to / ought to practice new Exercise 3.2 Asking for and Giving Advice
words every day.
A pages 320–321
3. She should / might want to / ought to write
sentences with the new words. Possible answers:
4. He should / might want to / ought to practice using 2. Which movie should I go to?
the words with a friend. 3. You should probably / You might want to / You ought
5. They should / might want to / ought to do to . . .
crossword puzzles. 4. Where should I buy school supplies?
6. They should / might want to / ought to create a 5. You should probably / You might want to / You ought
picture in their minds that shows the meaning of to . . .
each word. 6. You shouldn’t . . .
7. Why don’t you . . .
B Pair Work page 316 8. What should I do to learn more English vocabulary?
Answers will vary.
B Pair Work page 321
Answers will vary.
Exercise 2.2 More Suggestions and Advice
C Over to You page 321
A pages 316–317 Answers will vary.
2. shouldn’t
3. might want to
4. should probably 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
5. Maybe; should
6. Why don’t Editing Task page 321
7. Let’s
8. ought to Julia: Monica, I need help studying! How I
9. shouldn’t I
should tell the professor?
10. should ^
Monica: Don’t worry. I can help. First, we should
B Pair Work page 317 share
Answers will vary. shares class notes.
we
Julia: When we should meet at the library? After
C Over to You page 317 ^
Answers will vary. class today?
probably
Monica: Sure, but we ought to probably meet in
^
the cafeteria. I’ll want to eat something.

Answer Key 57
 eat
Julia: OK. We should eats dinner while we study. 8. don’t / do not need to
I 9. have to
What I should bring? 10. must not
^ probably
Monica: Just your notebook. You should not probably
^ B page 327
bring the big textbook – I don’t think we’ll 2. How old does a driver have to be?
3. What do drivers have to bring to the DMV?
need it. 4. What does an acceptable document need to say?
Julia: You should to be ready for a lot of 5. Do drivers have to be citizens?
6. Do new drivers need to take a class?
questions from me! I have so many! 7. Do new drivers have to pass an exam?
8. Where do drivers need to go to get their license?
Monica: As long as you are ready to learn, I’m happy
to C Pair Work page 327
to help! When we’re done, we ought see a
^ Possible answers:
movie! 1. Yes.
2. 16 to 18 years old.
Julie: That sounds great! See you later!
3. Documents proving the driver’s identity.
Monica: See you then, Julie. We should to study 4. Your name and address.
5. No.
together more often! 6. No.
7. In some states.
8. At their local DMV.
30 Necessity and
Conclusions Exercise 2.2 Pronunciation Focus: Have To
Getting What You Want and Has To
A page 328
1 Grammar in the Real World No answers.

A page 322 B page 328

Answers will vary. 2. has to 6. have to
3. have to 7. have to
B Comprehension Check page 322 4. have to 8. have to
1. Yes. 5. has to
2. Yes.
3. Six months before they are due. C Pair Work page 328
4. Your adviser. Answers will vary.
5. A deadline.

C Notice page 322 Exercise 2.3 Necessity and Conclusions

1. necessary 3. necessary
2. not necessary 4. necessary A page 329
2. must / has to be; C
3. needs to take / has to take; N
2 Necessity and Conclusions with 4. has to / needs to / must talk; N
Have To, Need To, Must 5. needs to / has to / must look; N
6. has to / needs to / must make; N
Exercise 2.1 Necessity and Obligations
7. must not do; N
A pages 326–327 8. must like; C
2. has to
3. needs to B Pair Work page 330
4. needs to Answers will vary.
5. don’t / do not have to
6. have to
7. have to

58 Answer Key
3 Avoid Common Mistakes The circled words in item 1 are nouns; the circled
words in item 2 are verbs.
Editing Task page 331 3. b
need The word has to describe the verb walks.
Pete: Does Jack needs to have a lot of skill to play the

game?
have 2 Adjectives and Adverbs of Manner
Jim: No, he has to has a lot of luck. Exercise 2.1 Adjectives and Adverbs
have
Pete: How many times does he has to win to break A page 335
the record?
I’m a professional hairstylist, and I’m very good at
has
Jim: He have to win three more times.
my job. I’m friendly and polite to my clients, so I make
Pete: He won eight times, so the record must to
a good impression. But I don’t schedule clients early in
be 10.
must / has to the day because I’m not in a good mood until noon.
Jim: Yes, the world record needs to be 10.
Of course, I don’t get an early start to my day. I
have
Pete: Does he need to has a certain time to win?
wake up late and start my day slowly. I can’t think clearly
Jim: No, he must to have a certain number of
without three cups of strong coffee. After breakfast,
points.
I take a shower, get dressed, and check my e-mail. I
win
Pete: Jack also has to wins five games in a row. He
don’t talk to anyone in the morning, except for my
must to really like this computer game!
elderly neighbor when I leave home. He likes to sit on
have
Jim: Yeah, he loves it. He doesn’t needs to play it
the front porch. I think he’s lonely.
every day, but he enjoys it.
I drive to work, but my commute isn’t bad. When

I get to work, I check my schedule closely and make a

31 Adjectives and Adverbs few quick phone calls. At 11:55 a.m., I finish my last
Making a Good Impression cup of coffee and smile warmly at my first client at

12:00 noon.
1 Grammar in the Real World
B Over to You page 336
A page 332
Answers will vary.
Answers will vary.

B Comprehension Check page 332

Exercise 2.2 More Adjectives and Adverbs
1. Yes; Careful preparation.
2. Yes; List three or four main points on note cards. A page 336
3. Yes; Practice by yourself and with friends. Tell your 1. b. clearly
friends to give you honest feedback. c. automatically
4. Yes; Ask people for feedback and advice so you d. strong
will learn to give good presentations and enjoy 2. b. early
them. c. careful
d. well
C Notice page 332 e. bad
1. a. A confident presenter always makes a good
impression. B Pair Work page 336
b. Think positive thoughts. Answers will vary.
2. a. Smile confidently.
b. Before you start, breathe deeply.

Answer Key 59
Exercise 2.3 Adverbs of Manner Exercise 3.3 Adjectives with Too + Adjective
A page 337 + Infinitive
2. seriously A Pair Work page 341
3. hard 2. too early to say
4. carefully 3. too young to get married
5. properly; quickly 4. not too late to change programs
6. appropriately 5. too cold to go camping
7. politely 6. too sick to go to work
8. well 7. too scared to ask
9. neatly 8. too busy to think
10. clearly
11. closely B Group Work page 342
Answers will vary.
B Pair Work page 337
Answers will vary.
Exercise 3.4 Not very . . . page 342
C page 337
3. He didn’t / did not wear a clean shirt.
Answers will vary.
4. He wasn’t / was not very good at problem solving.
5. He didn’t / did not answer questions very well.
6. He didn’t / did not look very honest
3 Adjectives with Linking Verbs; 7. He didn’t / did not seem very experienced.
Adjectives and Adverbs with Very 8. He didn’t / did not act very interested.
and Too
Exercise 3.1 Adjectives with Linking Verbs 4 Avoid Common Mistakes
A page 339 Editing Task page 343
2. confident; Answers will vary.
3. excited; Answers will vary. An interview can be a difficult experience. Prepare
4. uncomfortable; Answers will vary. carefully
5. attractive; Answers will vary. carefully your responses, and you will make a good
^
6. friendly; Answers will vary.
impression.
7. well; Answers will vary.
8. excited; Answers will vary. Before the interview, research thoroughly the
9. easily; Answers will vary. thoroughly
10. strongly; Answers will vary. company. Find out about its products and services.
^
truthful
B Pair Work page 340 You should always be truthfully about the things you
well
Answers will vary. do good. When you talk about something you do
poorly
bad, choose a weakness that is not serious. Say that
Exercise 3.2 Adjectives with Very and Too very
you are too aware of the weakness and that you are
A page 340 hard
working hardly to improve yourself. Say you want a
2. too
3. too new challenge and that you want to progress in your
4. too positive
career. Always sound positively and don’t complain
5. too
6. very about your current job.
7. very nicely
8. too On the day of the interview, dress nice. Shake
9. too firmly
firmly hands when you meet the interviewer. Try to
10. very ^
sincere very
sound sincerely and look too confident. Follow these
B page 340 well
Same as A. steps and you’ll do good.

60 Answer Key
32 Comparative Adjectives 3. cheaper parking
4. cleaner parks
and Adverbs 5. more energy-efficient busses
6. clearer street signs
Progress 7. more frequent bus service
8. a more attractive website
1 Grammar in the Real World B Pair Work page 350
A page 344 Answers will vary.
Answers will vary; Possible answer: It discusses how
C Group Work page 350
many things have changed in terms of size, speed,
and quality in the twentieth century. Answers will vary.

B Comprehension Check page 344

1. wider; faster 3 Comparative Adverbs
2. more powerful; more complicated; easier Exercise 3.1 Making Comparisons with
3. faster; smaller Adverbs page 353
C Notice page 344 2. harder
3. later
1. smaller
4. further
2. bigger
5. less often
3. larger
6. more slowly
4. more efficient
5. more powerful
6. more congested Exercise 3.2 More Making Comparisons with
Add -er to the end of the adjective or add more Adverbs
before the adjective.
A page 353
Possible answers:
2 Comparative Adjectives
Exercise 2.1 Comparisons with Be Adverb,
Comparative Adverb Verb(s)
A page 349
1. fast faster run, drive
2. lighter
3. quieter 2. well better play football / tennis; play the
guitar, sing, speak English, study,
4. easier
drive
5. faster
6. more energy-efficient 3. carefully more drive, spend money, walk / run
7. smaller carefully
8. bigger 4. hard harder play football / tennis; study; work
5. slowly more drive, sing, speak English,
B page 349 slowly walk / run
Possible answers: 6. early earlier get up, go to bed, go to the
2. Old cell phones were bigger. gym, walk / run, work, go to the
3. Old cell phones were slower. movies, go out, study
4. Old cell phones were more expensive. 7. far farther walk / run, drive
5. New cell phones are cheaper.
8. frequently go out, go to the gym, go to the
6. New cell phones are more powerful.
more frequently movies, play football / tennis,
7. New cell phones are faster. play the guitar, study, walk / run,
8. New cell phones are thinner. drive, speak English, work, sleep,
spend money, sing
Exercise 2.2 Comparative Adjectives and 9. badly worse drive, play football / tennis, sing,
Nouns speak English, study, play the
guitar
A page 350 10. late later go out, go to bed, go to the
Possible answers: gym, sleep, study, work, go to
2. a newer and safer bridge the movies, get up

Answer Key 61
B Over to You page 354 B Comprehension Check page 356
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. It is located in Southeast Asia.
Exercise 3.3 Adverbs and Personal Pronouns 2. The climate is hot and humid.
3. Hue was the home of the Nguyen Kings.
A Over to You page 354 4. Crude oil is the most important export.
3. Answers will vary; do.
4. Answers will vary; do. C Notice page 356
5. Answers will vary; do. 1. biggest
6. Answers will vary; did. 2. hottest
7. Answers will vary; can. 3. wettest
8. Answers will vary; did. 4. narrowest
5. most popular
B Pair Work page 354 6. most historic
Answers will vary. 7. most important
8. most beautiful

4 Avoid Common Mistakes

2 Superlative Adjectives
Editing Task page 355
Exercise 2.1 Superlative Adjectives
It is not easy to answer this question. Here is a list
of ideas. A Pair Work pages 360–361
2. largest; Asia
Lisa: Medicines are now more effective and 3. most; Africa
cheaper 4. deepest; Pacific
more cheap, so people’s health is more
than 5. biggest; Russia
better. People expect to live longer then 6. coldest; Antarctica
7. highest; Mount Everest
they did 100 years ago. 8. driest; the Atacama Desert, Chile
9. largest; New York City
Dan: There’s a more shorter work week for
more powerful 10. longest; the Nile
everyone. There are powerfuler machines 11. most populated; China

and computers, so people can be free B page 361

from manual work. 2. the longest; the Mississippi
3. the driest; Nevada
Sanjay: Children reach a more higher level of 4. the wettest; Hawaii
5. the most popular; Great Smoky Mountains
education. National Park in Tennessee and North Carolina
bigger
Cristina: People have more big houses and a 6. the biggest; New York
more comfortable than 7. the least wasteful; San Francisco
comfortabler life that their parents. 8. the most expensive; New York
9. the worst; Los Angeles
10. the most famous; the Golden Gate Bridge,
33 Superlative Adjectives California
11. the busiest; Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson
and Adverbs 12. the most populated; California
13. the least populated; Wyoming
Facts and Opinions
C Over to You page 362
2. most delicious; Answers will vary.
1 Grammar in the Real World 3. most crowded; Answers will vary.
A page 356 4. worst; Answers will vary.
5. most dangerous; Answers will vary.
Answers will vary. 6. most unusual; Answers will vary.

62 Answer Key
Exercise 2.2 Superlative Adjectives to of all animals. It can run up to 75 miles per hour
Describe People (120 kilometers per hour).
A page 362 On the other hand, a sloth is perhaps the world’s
2. best
3. closest most slowest animal. It often does not move for
4. the youngest hours. The loudest land animal is the howler monkey.
5. oldest
6. best You can hear its cry about 10 miles (16 kilometers)
7. the most unusual loudest
8. the most interesting away. What is the louder marine animal? The blue
9. the most exciting whale. Blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000
10. the most exotic
11. the highest miles (1,600 kilometers) away. What is the animal
12. the most intelligent longest
13. the most successful that lived the most long? It is a clam from the coast

of Iceland. Scientists estimate that it is 405 years old.

B page 363
shortest
Same as A. The gastrotrich, a tiny water animal, has the most

C Over to You page 363 short life – three days.

Answers will vary.

3 Superlative Adverbs
Exercise 3.1 Superlative Adverbs
A page 365
2. the longest
3. the most economically
4. the most frequently
5. the hardest
6. the latest
7. the earliest
8. the farthest

B Pair Work page 366

Answers will vary.

4 Avoid Common Mistakes

Editing Task page 367
most in
One of the more amazing things of the natural

world is the great variety of animal sizes and

behaviors. At 200 tons (180 metric tons) and 108 feet

heaviest
(33 meters), the blue whale is the world’s heavyest
biggest smallest
and bigest animal. However, the world’s smaller bird

weighs less than one ounce (1.8 grams). Giraffes can

be 17 feet (5.2 meters) tall, and they are the tallest

in fastest
animals of the world. The cheetah runs the faster

Answer Key 63