Inversion

Form: Negative phrase + be/modal/auxiliary verbs/ + S + V + O

+ ….
Đảo ngữ không dùng với dấu phẩy
Usage: To emphasize the negative meaning

Types:
1. Negative words / phrases ( never, rarely, hardly, seldom, nowhere, no longer, little, at no
time, under no circumstances, on no account …)
Examples:
● Never in the summer does it snow.
● Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture.
● Rarely have I got a mark 10 in Literature.
● No longer does Jack smoke.
● Little does she know how much he cares for her.
● Under no circumstances are you allowed to take your dog
to this restaurant.
● Nowhere will you find a better gym center than this one.

2. Only
Examples:
● Only by patience and hard work will you be successful in this company.
● Only when you try your best in what you do can you achieve true success.
● Only after graduation did she meet her husband.
3. Not only / Not until
Examples:
● Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well
● Not only did Harry miss the train, but he also lost his case.
● Not until her father passed away did she realize how much he meant to her.
4. No sooner … than / Scarcely … when / Barely … when / Hardly … when

No sooner + + than +
Hardly + past perfect inversion + when + past simple
Barely (HAD + S+ V3/ED) (S + V2/ED)
Scarcely
 Examples:
● As soon as she started speaking, Jack interrupted her.
→ No sooner had she started speaking than Jack interrupted her.
● The telephone rang right after Jane left the room.
→ Hardly had Jane left the room when the telephone rang.
● Scarcely had Oliver found out the note when he rushed to the library.
5. So … that / Such … that
Examples:
● So hurried was he that he forgot to say goodbye to anyone.
● So devastating was the tsunami that the whole coastal village was wiped out.
● So great was the excitement that she jumped for joy like a kid
→ Such was the excitement that she jumped for joy like a kid.
● So great was the impact of the earthquake that thousands of people became homeless.
→ Such was the impact of the earthquake that thousands of people became homeless.
6. Conditional Sentences

If S + V (s/es) , …. → Should + S + V (bare) ….. , ……

If S + V (2/ed) ….. , …… → Were + S + (to Verb) ….., …….
If S + HAD + V (3/ed) ….. , …… → Had + S + P.P …. , …..
Examples:
● Should you see him, give him my document.
● Were I in your shoes, I wouldn’t accept that offer.
● Were I to win the lottery, I would travel around the world.
● Had she not been so careless, she would have finished the project on time.
● Had Jack been more cooperative, the scheme would have been smooth and we would
have met the deadline.
7. Adverbs of Place with such verbs as Sit, Stand, Come, Lay .
Examples:
● On the TV sat a cat.
● Here comes the bus
● There goes the bell .
● At the foot of the mountain lay a small village.
● On the table was the missing money
8. Special cases:
Examples:
● Down came the rain.
● Off ran the players
● Away flew the birds
● Out flew the birds from the tiny cage.
 ● Round the corner came the knights.
● Lost among the cheap plastic beads was a priceless bracelet.
● Found in the old stuffed basement was a book by M.Christie.
● Hanging on the wall was a picture of the owner of the mansion.

EXERCISES
I. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
1. Not until the end of the 19th century______ become a scientific discipline.
A. has plant breeding B. did plant breeding C. plant breeding had D. plant breeding has
2. No longer ……… to do all her housework with her husband because our family now owns some
new labour-saving devices.
A. my mother has B. has my mother C. does my mother has D. does my mother have
3. In no time ……… know the result of the recognition.
A. the public will B. will the public C. the public D. does the public
4. No sooner had he sat down to lunch ……… there was a knock at the door.
A. than B. that C. as D. when
5. Never before ……… such a beautiful girl.
A. have I met B. have I meet C. I have met D. did I meet
6. Rarely ……... out after 9.00.
A. does my sister go B. did my sister go C. my sister goes D. my sister does go
7. Hardly ……… asleep when the phone woke him up.
A. the doctor fell B. the doctor had fallen
C. did the doctor fall D. had the doctor fallen
8. No sooner ………than the boss came in.
A. he had left B. had he left C. he was leaving D. was he leaving
9. Not only ……… to take the medicine, but he also hit the nurse.
A. he refused B. does he refuse C. he was refused D. did he refuse
10. Hardly had he left home ……… the telephone rang.
A. than B. that C. as D. when
11. Not only ……… the book, but he had seen the film as well.
A. he had read B. has he read C. had he read D. he did read
12. No longer ……… them to go to the music club.
A. their parents allow B. does their parents allow
C. do their parents allow D. has their parents allowed
13. Only because she had to support her family ……… to leave school.
A. that Alice decides B. did Alice decide C. does Alice decide D. Alice decided
14. Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came.
A. they had arrived B. do they arrive C. arrived they D. had they arrived
15. So surprised at the news ……… that he couldn’t say anything.
A. did he become B. he became C. does he become D. did he became
16. Not only ……… shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide.
A. trees provide B. provide trees C. do trees provide D. trees do provide
17. My grandfather ……… sleeps more than an hour a night.
A. hardly never B. has ever C. is always D. hardly ever
18. Not only ……… had profits, but it also had to lay off workers.
A. did the company lose B. the company lose
C. had the company lose D. lost the company
19. ……… so many people been out of work as today.
A. In the past, there never have B. Never before have
C. More than ever before D. Formerly, there never were
20. It was only then ……… how much I owed to her.
A. had I realize B. that I realized C. did I realize D. I did realize
21. Only by booking in advance ……… stay ion the room you like.
A. can you B. you can C. you will D. you
22. They hardly found her number when they called her.
A. They called her sooner or later.
B. They called her as soon as they found her number.
C. They found her number as soon as they called her.
D. They found her number sooner or later.
23. As soon as he arrived at the airport, he called home.
A. He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected.
B. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home.
C. Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport.
D. He arrived at the airport and called me to take him home.
24. Never before ……… such a beautiful girl.
A. I have met B. have I meet C. have I met D. did I meet
25. Rarely ……... out after 9.00.
A. my sister does go B. did my sister go C. my sister goes D. does my sister go
26. Hardly ……… asleep when the phone woke him up.
A. the doctor fell B. the doctor had fallen C. did the doctor fall D. had the doctor fallen
27. Edward ……… goes to bed before midnight.
A. hardly never B. seldom never C. hardly ever D. almost ever
28. She had only just put the telephone down when the boss rang.
29. Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing.
A. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced.
B. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable
prices.
C. No matter how reasonable the prices of smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new
applications.
D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable cut, with new applications, they are also more
appealing.
30. Not only ……… to take the medicine, but he also hit the nurse.
A. he refused B. does he refuse C. he was refused D. did he refuse
31. Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to her.
 A. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her did she leave home to start an
independent life.
B. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start an independent life.
C. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life did she realise how much her family
meant to her.
D. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her family meant to her.
32. Scarcely had he stepped out of the room ______ he heard a loud laughter within.
A. then B. when C. than D. until
33. They drove fifteen miles off the main road. Also, they had nothing to eat for the day.
A. Not only did they drive fifteen miles off the main road, they also had nothing to eat for the day.
B. Driving fifteen miles off the main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day.
C. They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road nor had anything to eat for the day.
D. They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they had something to eat for the day.
34. No longer ……… them to go to the music club.
A. their parents allow B. does their parents allow
C. do their parents allow D. has their parents allow
35. In no time ……… know the result of the recognition.
A. the public will B. will the public C. the public D. does the public
36. Hardly ……… at the bus stop when the next bus came.
A. they had arrived B. do they arrive C. arrived they D. had they arrived
37. So surprised at the news ……… that he couldn’t say anything.
A. did he become B. he became C. does he become D. did he became
38. In no circumstances ______ on campus.
A. should smoking be allowed B. should allow smoking
C. smoking should be allowed D. we should allow smoking
39. The instructor blew his whistle and ______.
A. off the runners were running B. off ran the runners
C. off were running the runners D. the runners run off
40. Had they arrived at the shop earlier, they ______ a better selection of clothes.
A. will find B. would be finding C. would have found D. will have found
41. No longer ……… to do all her housework with her husband because our family now owns some new
labour-saving devices.
A. my mother has B. has my mother C. does my mother has D. does my mother have
42. ______I might, I couldn’t open the door. clause of concession
A. Try as B. However hard C. As try D. No matter
43. Only by booking in advance ……… stay in the room you like.
A. can you B. you can C. you will D. you
although + S + V (tense)
Ex: Although Mary is very rich, she is not popular among her schoolmates.
--> Rich as/though Mary is, she is not popular among her schoolmates.
Although Mary loves Peter, they can't get married.
--> Much as/though Mary loves Peter, they can't get married.
Although I had tried hard, I couldn't open the door.
--> Try as I might, I couldn't open the door.
Although I try very hard, I can't open the door.
--> Try as I may, i can't open the door.
II. WRITING

1. I really understood it only after he had explained it the 4th time.

he had explained it the 4th time did I really understand it.
→ Only after .............................................................................................................
2. If Bob had not interfered in his sister’ marital problems, there wouldn’t have been peace between
them.
Bob not interfered in his sister's marital problems, there would ....
→ Had .......................................................................................................................
3. If she needed help, she would call you immediately
→ Were .....................................................................................................................
she to need help, she would call you immediately.
4. The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the telephone woke him up.
→ Hardly had the doctor fallen asleep when the telephone woke him up
..................................................................................................................
5. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I will give it to my sister for her birthday.
→ Should I..................................................................................................................
finish the dress before Saturday, I will give it to my sister for her birthday.
6. He not only spent all his money, but he even borrowed some from me.
→Not only did he spend all his money, but he even borrowed some from me.
................................................................................................................
7. Miles and miles of forest lie before them.
lie miles and miles of forest
→ Before them ..........................................................................................................
8. If they had arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.
they arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.
→ Had .......................................................................................................................
9. He was so sick that he had to be taken to hospital.
→ So sick was he that he had to be taken to hospital.
.........................................................................................................................
lie the unknown soldiers.
10. The unknown soldiers lie here. → Here ...................................................................
11. She has never been in such an embarrassing situation before.
→Never before ..........................................................................................................
has she been in such an embarrassing situation.
12. Many beautiful rose bushes grew in the garden of the palace.
→ In the garden of the palace many beautiful rose bushes grew.
........................................................................................................
13. If the workers had worked harder, they would have received the bonus.
the workers worked harder, they would have received the bonus.
→Had ........................................................................................................................
14. She had never been so happy in all her life.
→ At no time had she been so happy in her life.
............................................................................................................
15. If I were in your place, I should refuse his invitation.
I in your place, I should refuse his invitation.
→ Were .....................................................................................................................
16. He managed to pass the exam only by hard work.
→ Only ......................................................................................................................
by working hard did he manage to pass the exam
17. He had hardly got into the bath when the telephone rang.
→ Hardly had he got into the bath when the telephone rang
..................................................................................................................
18. If I had met you before, we might have been friends.
→ Had .......................................................................................................................
I met you before, we might have been friends.
19. The doctor was so angry that one of the nurses dared to utter.
→ So .........................................................................................................................
angry was the doctor that one of the nurses dared to utter
20. I can explain the matter in no other way.
→In no other way .....................................................................................................
can I explain the matter.
21. If you see Mary today, please ask her to call me.
→ Should ..................................................................................................................
you see Mary today, please ask her to call me
22. I had got outside no sooner than it began to rain.
→ No sooner .............................................................................................................
had I got outside than it began to rain
23. They not only come late but they are also often late.
→ Not only do they come late but they are also often late.
...............................................................................................................
24. He had given me advice many a time.
→ Many a time .........................................................................................................
had he given me advice
25. When he is here, he only speaks English.
→ Only when ............................................................................................................
he is here does he speak English.
26. We often wait for walk together.
do we wait for walk together
→ Often ....................................................................................................................
27. If she were to see you, she would be very surprised.
→ Were .....................................................................................................................
she to see you, she would be very surprised
28. John seldom forgets to do his homework.
→ Seldom does John forget to do his homework.
.................................................................................................................
29. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
→ So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
.........................................................................................................................
30. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
→ No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
.............................................................................................................
31. She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
→ No sooner .............................................................................................................
had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents.
32. If you want to save your eyesight, you must operate immediately.
→ Only by .................................................................................................................
operating immediately can you save your eyesight.
33. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
→Hardly ...................................................................................................................
had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
34. Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building.
→ No sooner had the burglars left the building than someone rang the alarm.
.............................................................................................................
35. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
→ Only when ............................................................................................................
they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
36. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
→ So .........................................................................................................................
great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.
37. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs. Jones.
→ Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs. Jones.
...............................................................................................................
38. The outcome of the election was never in doubt. result = consequence
→At no time .............................................................................................................
was the outcome of the election in doubt.
39. Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe.
→ No sooner .............................................................................................................
had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released
remove = get rid of =
40. The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition. terminate = destroy
→ Only by .................................................................................................................
united opposition can we eliminate world terrorism. = devastate = demolish
41. I only recognized him when he came into the light.
→ Not until he came into the light did I recognize him.
...............................................................................................................
 come to an end
put an end to # set fire to
42. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
→ Only after a.............................................................................................................
new pay offer did the workers call off the strike
43. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second child.
→ Only when ............................................................................................................
their second child was born did Alice and Charles decide to move a bigger house.
44. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
he got home did he remember about the gun.
→ Not until ...............................................................................................................
45. The truth only came out on the publication of the general’s personal diaries.
the general’s personal diaries were published did the truth come out
→ Only when ............................................................................................................
46. I had only just put the phone down when the boss phoned back.
→ Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss phoned back
..................................................................................................................
47. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor felt ill.
→No sooner ..............................................................................................................
had the new editor been appointed to the post than he felt ill
48. There was no precedent for the King resignation. ˈpresɪdənt ˈprezɪdənt
before had any King resigned. precedent president
→ Never ....................................................................................................................
49. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.
→ No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining .
.............................................................................................................
50. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
→ Only later .............................................................................................................
did I realize who he was.
51. We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home.
when all the guests had gone home could we relax.
→Only .......................................................................................................................
52. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
→ Had it not ..............................................................................................................
been for the death of the prime minister, the bill would have been passed.
53. John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.
→ Not until John received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate.
...............................................................................................................
54. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
→Only by ..................................................................................................................
training hard every day can you become a good athlete.
55. They had to wait for twelve hours before the flight left.
→Only after a twelve - hour wait did their flight leave.
...........................................................................................................
56. The result of the match was never in doubt.
→ At no time ............................................................................................................
was the result of the match in doubt
57. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before.
before have there been more people out of work in this country. (than today/now)
→Never .....................................................................................................................
before have there been as/so many people out of work in this country (as today/now)
58. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.
→ Not until ...............................................................................................................
i left home did i realize how much my father meant to me
59. He never suspected that the money had been stolen.
→At no time ..............................................................................................................
did he suspect that the money had been stolen
60. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
→Had it not ...............................................................................................................
been for the attendance of a famous film star, the party would not have been a success
61. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
have I seen such a mess in my life.
→ Never ....................................................................................................................
62. You mustn't turn on the microphone under any circumstances while the teacher is speaking.
can/must you turn on the microphone while the teacher is speaking.
Under no circumstances .............................................................................................
63. You should not send money to strangers under any circumstances.
should you send money to strangers.
Under no circumstances .............................................................................................
64. As soon as I logged in, I was kicked out!
had I logged in than I was kicked out.
No sooner ...................................................................................................................
65. Mrs. Brown spoke so quietly that the students didn't hear anything.
quietly did Mrs.Brown speak that the students didn't hear anything.
So ..............................................................................................................................
66. The taxi came round the corner.
Round the corner came the taxi
.......................................................................................................
V (lie) adverb of place
67. One of the biggest subject man I had ever seen was lying under the bed.
Under the bed was lying one of the biggest man I had ever seen
............................................................................................................
68. If I had realized there would be a ghost, I wouldn’t have slept there.
I realized there would be a ghost, I wouldn't have slept there.
Had ............................................................................................................................
69. The exercises were so difficult that we couldn't do them.
such = so great
Such difficult exercises were they that we couldn't do them.
...........................................................................................................................
70. I had only just gone to bed when he called.
had I gone to bed when he called
Scarcely ......................................................................................................................
S + V + such a/an + adj + N + S+V
They were such difficult exercises that we couldn't do them.
revision