SETS- FOR 11th STANDARD detailed theory -solved, ‘key pointsSet dheory i — Ss . i . ee ‘ Bet ig a collection of ssel defined okjecks. (w Every sek is a collection buk every esilection is nok js t tons am of), 4] oti is nok a éebs only esell olefined Collee- - ) Ake collection of vowels in English alpha bls. (eb. i) “dhe Collection gf fivsk--five prime natwul numbers ig a sek onfaining 2+ By By F441 - as olements. (sek) ’ ate collection of good ‘cxieket players of India. (not a set) 4 the collection dificult topics iin maths (nat a set) - A collection 6 mech.dangerous animaleicin wostd (not a ak)- Nele & O Number Gystom : Complex Numbews — ‘ules Nenbers. - Dia Ne Fame Real numbens(1R) Fly Imagirooy ates Cheat number System) CE Stoke. oid = % 44 ey si, Ht ete Fettional Numbew (a) ‘preational Numbers ( eo” cota * . a 4 ip c univesal 4 Integow (2 e Non Integeis (fra We) (Ze *, : Mf Sevan f hp. ek ( ” representation shale numbers (r)) Negative Inkeges ‘ ee AY Ig neeesseae e ? Nataa) numbirs (wn) to reprasenk, Xero (0) m empty set & Hen AEA means 4 is in the seb A~ Oya is a elumenk af "ie" in the fet and AGA means A 6 not Representation (Pa geki- 4 D Poster Form dn ia Yorn A seis described by Lieting elements > Sepeouted by commas, Astin $% (elements can tepeat in a sek). OY? iD sek af wousels ef english atpraibels —A~ farestsooud - Sek of prime number dew dan A= £23,574.Nojes- Number of clams in f12.g% is B+ Page No. 2 ly number of elements im f41.3.,3, 94 is 2 (Each element counts 26 ont even though Huy may - appear more than ance) $0 {1-2 Bh=411,2,B/ By - @ Set- Builden Form t- £2 Pad hades} or {x | reap holds} (sek au % auch “tha Pex) .Balds) i O sek EF of au every natunat numbers — fzlw ie a nahoal number and x= 2n ¥ nen 5. = fxen [ge 2n ¥ nen hb, @ set. A-SovdoAs asd ® Ser of ay eal mambo qreath than A=f ar | xez 4. ~! and tus tion de Ser] =1e2<1} © ger of veciprocals af nakenl @ Set of att betters in the bsord mumbo > fal x= Ipsnein 5 ¢PROBABILITY? © Sek oF odd naheal numbers $212 is a letter in ihe asoxal Fayre ont neIn gy * PROBA ety} fet of even naturat humors fxia=ons mein’ }- Ar Write -the founsing sets in gek~ builder -form i- Pfr 2. g Pi Dib fo boh ee 2) Dirge 3 ant YF al a= n—_+nen neat iy halen Jy MENS, Qt Write Be Edy [NEIN, Anpy = Ont Tn * a =4=14 in Roster form] Types of Sets t- }@ Empty Set (A ser 16 said to be empty or null ox void ect if it has no element and it is denoted by a” In Koster orm D is denoted by £4. 4) fHERS an fag ii) {zene brea ce} af A Seb consisting oF atleast One elemenk is catleel co non empty: se. 2) Sing loton-Ger &- fr sei ¥ i i a sithleion Sues A set Consisting of a single element is called@rwnite Sets A eek is cad a finite cok if it is evtha(Pageno, 3 ae sek or its elom ent can be listed by natunal numbes £,2,3-..— and Ihe procese wf. listing terminattt vat a certain natural number. infinite cet s- A seb whose ebements can't be Listed by -the nakeul ruumbers 4.2.8... ..n fox any natural number in’ ts called an infinite eek. Anfinite Sek ©. set of, au Wines in a plane @ fxem locxes O Geb af even prime mumbions @Mser of ay persons en cath. 6) Guivalent sets t- tise finite eels Aland Base equiv number of elements ave same - ¢ @ Equal Sets t- ~Juso “sels A and B ant said fo be equal if every elem enk of A is & member of B é every element of B ig a memkui eA AO A= {12.3% and B=fabiepae equivalent Sets bu not equal aets+ @ Ae §Fi.2ig. by FO2 45. b. 214 Han An: JAI equal Sets ane cquivalent bub aut equivalent Subsels ¢- For any two sets A and 'B if eveuy elment of A Is an clment of & then A is ealed @ eubldh: oF B- (468) -thus A CB If AeA —> AEB. Note: © If A is a subsek of B » ae éay that B contains A ov B io aA duper Seb of A and me ssrite BOA + If A te nok a Subse of B thin A £B. D Every set is a eubsel of itsells and -the empty ser is subset df every Sek - . ; Proper “Gubget 2 tf A 1s a proper subset of B(ACB) thn A cont aing come elements f B whee as A SB means A contains all the. elements of &. (not more than hat) « - Mates O Embly see is a proper subset of a given eek. alent if ta chs ane nop equalsOW} ACH thn ¥F cewl aga. OYASH and BoA ton AB BO WG ch2, 2% bur $145 Ff fe 25> © $12,256 $1,204 on {12,94 efi sh on po {122d @nwewzeacnce @ HA ic a set of audivieos F 68 and B ie ‘he set f aul prime -dWvisors of 8 then B is the subset of 4 ase write BEA. Note s-"“dokal number of subsets - of a finike se containing n element is oh, 3 Q+ duo finite sets have m and rv elements. “dhe total number Of: subects af the vee Sek (5 BG” more than the -botal number suebsets of the second ecb - Find the values of mm EN: Qi HH Raf ah-an-4 [nem > and YF qen-1) In@In’y thon, ashich of- he ‘elowing abtion. ts convect = y xcy b> xcyY tek ay VEX: Univergal Sek &- In any cliseussion in set theorg » then alusays happens lo be a get «that containg . all Set under tonsidenation & ib is a cuper sek of each “ae the given eet. Such a sek is caued tht universal sek and ic’ denoted by U> Ae OD when we au using sits containing natweal numbers» ten INS Is the univewal seers ‘ 2) for A= {128% 0 Be $2.4, 5964 & C- f1.3,m Fy Ve 442.34 F.64Y con be taken as the univewal ser. Power Sek + For amy set A» the collection of family aul subsets of A ig called the power eet of A and is denoted by FU). Noles O Ang dinite seh having, n_etements, in & has 29 elements in PLA). E ‘ : OY XCA ten XEP) OHA cH ten Anz Quetions %- em 7 |O tf A=S1.0, 8% he . a oe a rat a} tn FA)? Op Aap en wnike POD: (rane. 5 Ou. MEPCPCECECBDIIY Ds A-fas{034 tran write PC) « OLEH A= Sib C.AY Bo for b-ey and Cf bd} -Find al aes X such Iha- 1) XCB and XCC Ht) XCA and XLB-- W)XCAXABandx#c W)XcAsxCe and x CC. © For any gets A, , : oF exc eee IF MER and BEC thin A GC. Grive examples (Om each of the -folowsing , determine psheathen the Stakement is true ” false + Jf it is true, paove Tt + I ie Ts fake, given. an example + DF ZEA and AEB ene LEB IDI ACH. and BEC Hon AEC- W) ACO ond BOON ACC WHALE and BEC tun A#C VY rea and AED ton ZEB vid ACH and-z AB ton x PA BHA) 2048.45 15} nin which OF the: fatloising. sfatemenis. are incorrech & whup 2 0 Me gGg D {B45 CA NH) $a,45 64 WD $6 Gnagy CA WN) IEA Wicca: VW) fiery cr vi) fi2,54 €& Wdgy 2.33 Ch m) pea BCA WLP] ca- Daven» A= Sa, b Cree} then bhich af ane fotiowing are conve th Npegay pcr ™) pesdy WeCg Doatay Wack vi bs sph my BEB wp pega ry AAKEA *7 pe {ay m7 AEP wry $e $ Gayy , Ven Diagram % anew are 60 dtudents in a clase. Out of these BH students speak Assamese » 20 speak, Hind! -and Jo speak both the languages. tho reat othe students do nsf Kneass either Assamese on Hind. hel} speak Bongabty MR, Ut a =a Hews > ser ofall students in the elias.” | A> Sek of ath students she can peak Agameses H— Set of au dtudents Whe can apeak, Hind!CY seb of au ctudents who can speak both + (raseno. Z. D-> Sob of au gudents who don't speak both: Intewalgs- Ko a kb be -ts0 sea) numbers. Fhon the gob of all che veal numbers lying beeen 4 4b ase said to be an intor- val. @ cleed intowal + [a,b] - Sven lacacby +—<———%—_» ad a b +0 @ Open imtewal + (arb) ={2eR lacacby ge Ng g 2 feo © a emi Open oF Semi-Clased intewal 2- (a,6] = Sxer | aceboy on faafeeRlaczcby soe ress (a, 0] or Ja>b] [a,b 7 [as eL- % dength of iniaval 5 / tapi] La,6)/ (ad is b-a- NXE [py 0) > gr of cau monentgalive Roa} numbers « (onc0)—> act 4 all pasitive Real numbers BY} > (0,0) non positive Goat, 0) > negative veal wus: Write the fotrowing subsets of B as intenals & fotleceing inbowale in Ihe get~buellden foam ~ 1) Setxepj—4ez 64) Saleem »-l2cx dno} * ti) Saizehs 32 x644 W) C40) [6,12] vi) £205 3)+ Cpeiations _on @Union ef sets s- def A LE be duo sels + dhe tunion ef A aB is -the deb of ay these elements tohich belong cither to A ov to Bor to both A and B: (AUB: cthus + Aue= Salnch or TEBY. i Deleriy xeayperr XEA + en EBs @aAvouc £X%LAVESP ALA ond XZB. = x1 REA an XER@® Representation Sf AUB in ven diagram _ AACALB om BeAUB. — > HA and B ame +nto sets such that Ace en AUB=& + Also ,AUB=A tf BCA [@] Le alr-an ¥neZ 5 th | a J Ae AS ajanmonn ynez be B= AUbe B= {21a ib an megan: @© HA Ay = ----Awats a finite family of sels: Ren their unio! dented by Ori on A|UAZ UA --~~- UAn* ri E e: Intersection of cele s- dap AEB be Into dels- She inuaaceln and B ig the Seb ie at’ -these..cleriens thar ele to ean: thus, ADB LAIR and 2EBY. Note t © cheung ZEAADE FEM and %ER. TA : agRn& £> 2¢h ON AGB- @ fe presentation sf Ant» in Ven diagram ine @® Moca A 006 As} ARB are tes0 ests Shen Ane =A if ACE £ANb= Bit Bch OM Avda An Wa finite family sh sets Hany S4eU LaAY + Clomly ~) HEAT Pe AHA: Note+ DO TEAC AHA ond FEU BD An Ss AS= Us OS a eraieial Numbes + US= 9 > AD S= A> AU &U ANAS gf. QD Ae h- 04> ANB =B: @A-A= G2 A-Be a OxA=A (AEX) OA-Br ANOLB-A aoe pairwise ax mubuatly disfioinkPucstions @ sf P=$n [nein +n is aprime no Aun C20 & G@ -S$n INEIN» 16n¥%Z294 thon find PUA: (2 Hf X= SxixeEm »-Bexeey & Y~ fy ye »O<4 LAY there ind xuy. @HaSeizex,-2 xk TY 1» B= TGlIEIN? ye25y and C-4z\zez ) x bate} thm fine, AABAG LANG Aue- ; @ Find D NuZRe 1) OU ge? ® Given, A- Saved of} 7 Bef br Gdsy & Ce6d, OS FV chen CADBUC i6-the itmvesal Seb) ay asith the help ef venn diagram » examine that - Dd AVR =A Wraith 3 Am : b> thes velationg a Apo ke, “2h Hie help of ven. diagaa ‘ met nai. eet ©) Represent in venn diagram ~. “OD Give the. significance 4- ANCA b> AC ALE > (nn) Si ee YA 2 4X Lawes _of Alacbwa of. Sets 2- “aheo vern 4 (Adempatent Laud) = For any Sit As DAvA =A 1). ADAMS peeps 7) AVA = fx] ZEA on KEAY = Ealeeny =r i) ANA = Sajamcr and xEAY = fxleny mA- Dauges ny Ary. = 4 pesef & (D ABs talacr 01 LEpy = SaImEn GRA WAnu = fxlden Bnd ZEVY = FRIEAG HA cthoorenr 2 (Commutative dass) t- For any two sels A to —i) ANB =BnNA- TEAUB DAeEA 0H ZEB Hy HEB ONKEA ~~» LEBVA- . “. AUB < BUA.——O > XEALD, DILEK or HEA pp rer on X EB = BUA cAve——@O ye have, — AUB = BUA: fl) Do yausself - i ets Ahore ctheoyom @ Associative. dauest- dr AiR an Cae ony Howe sets th wPAN (ene) = AADAC - f) (ave) uC= AUleUd) 1) det, 1é Av Uc ST EGvB) on Retyarlee Monae B) on ZEC Zbh on (LEB on zeo) ar xth om a“e BUC are # vlov® , (avenue & A UCWUO)= © convert, aby Ye A UCB SYych on seevo 7 wen a Gee on Yeo) + fyca on yeBon yer 7 dE (rv) an ye J y { > ye (avpuc ote AUCOUOD c(AuBUs ~ D> ase NAVE 4 sep yey = @vBVE + §) Do Younse sAheoren (6) (Distibuiive fous ff APB ard C axe any How gals ler D Avlen) =Aupatavgy ) 4nlovd = ne) vtand«poee! DEK en HE BOE @ acer on (x6Band EO) - D(ueA on Em) and (zEm on ee) D> 4EAUBR and xe AUG =P Ze (AVM) AAU) « *- Au(ene) C GUA) AlAUD -——O@ Convers ely Ket YE abaya (Avo) > YEAUR jand YeAUC (Yer on Yer) ard > YA or btebiand ye Pasthay tae O7¢ > % rh - 2 YEAU(RAD e (avpya Cauey cA Ue Faom © 2G) , ute haye > Adland < lave atau) « > do yamselk. (wer ong €O) O—® atheovern © (De -Hoggans kaos) Sif and B are any uso Zels then ) Gre “= arate B. n= Ao ue. pot: i) det “wie vert os Zave D1gr anduve = % EAC a eee eatnes- Cy pe Alne® 2 (ave)* Convetely » yyy, ye acne’ and WLR > yencand YeB® a dFA > ye (aun. © we Ye ~hv oA acome Iinportent Results on Op ations an Setst- PageNo. 9. DA-B= Anwe li) B-A=BNAS WD A-B=A aS AnO=s. NA-BUB=AUB WD (A-BNB=p WAGED BSA” Vi) (0-8) U(e~A) = (Ave — 4B wi) A CBC) <(A- BE VA-D ) A-Ceve) = @-E NAZWA (B-0) =Ane)-(A ND) WA EB au any tao sits 4 An (Bac) =(Ane 4(ANO> - 1 de cea ner ond APB pyrex ond ERE BA ~>xzeAaBe ~ ee A-O EAanee-—O) Crnesfy heb, yenack > yea and Yeo? =r yer ord UFD- 2 YeA-b +. hawt TEA and ZEB => ZE(A-BY OM ZED 2 Gen ores) 2 (a €0F and 168) > zea and GED) D xEm Ord sep y reang > Te .. Ano £f ——O Again. y g cane — => LEA and » age have » Fiom OF Again, dob A , We have + poeve A-B=A- 4), TEA ® or ed and TLB > TEA: saben —O ome > ch yep oych end UO a YeAnB. “- ACA-B @ from DAO? Me HE AB Baya +TEA-B on Ep 1th and a6) on ZEB eA and (4B on LEB) > ZEAUE 2. (A-OUB < AUB- 0 maversely, . ‘ ye 40 Jer on YER (IEA an yeR) and (Y go on Yee A vond ¥ EB) O71 YER. ¥ e@-o)ue . y Ave = (A-DUB a) nee have (A-6) UB= Anb: WV dt, gea-Bvle-A) vid Pint ayuume Ac 0 A eaten on te aan . a 2a eratxf %) Oo” (ep ar7gh) pe t- pon XGA : yp neo > CtEner Zep) and (16007 ~f4) i ‘ teetve) ond “ANP "> n A : , ‘ > ¢ (Av = (Anh) Tan Aik OS RAS (a BVCB-AD S (AvB)~ (A086) L_@ a gen ronvewely ‘ a“ p- ki 4 e Ub)= (ANDY Act “tproved) Vitis t > Bo youn alk SAalo-ovule-O] Aa(m-0] ul aa (e~%2] [Anw~ Cand) VU dac y— (Ane)) + ab) A (Adc) eFioved + P YEAH and YF ANG. > HEA on Yeo) and (YA 2%" %)| - (Yer and yPAon (yee aay LA) D YEAR or yo@-A > ye(r-w) U(b-A) a. Av6)- Cane) c(A-P) v(6-A Trein © RO, ave have» A-pyU(m-A) = 4 2) — (ANB ®